CN102721484A - Distributed optical fiber sensing device based on brillouin scattering - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sensing device based on brillouin scattering. The distributed optical fiber sensing device comprises a first detection light source, a second detection light source, a first pump light source, a second pump light source, a first light switch module, a second light switch module, a first coupler, a second coupler, a frequency measurement module, a detection light output and signal processing module, a pump light output module and a sensing optical fiber module. The first detection light source and the first pump light source or the second detection light source and the second pump light source are selected as light sources of a brillouin optical time domain analyzer through the first light switch module and the second light switch module, so that a device for simultaneously measuring the strain and the temperature of a single type of sensing optical fibers can be implemented, and the problem of temperature and strain cross sensitive effect during brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing is solved; and the device is simple in structure, low in cost and wide in application range, has no special requirement on the specification of a sensing optical fiber and is particularly suitable for distributed on-line monitoring application of built engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment, especially relate to a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of measuring temperature and strain simultaneously based on Brillouin scattering.
Background technology
Distributed fiberoptic sensor has important application in the safety monitoring of important foundation facilities such as electric power, bridge, dam, petrochemical industry.Compare with distributed fiberoptic sensor based on Raman scattering, longer based on the measuring distance of the distributed fiberoptic sensor of Brillouin scattering, measuring accuracy is higher, and realize temperature and stress measurement, so this product has enjoyed people to pay close attention to since coming out.
Distributed fiberoptic sensor based on Brillouin scattering has two types: Brillouin's optical time domain reflection technology (Brillouin Opitcal Time Domain Reflection; BOTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis, BOTDA).Wherein BOTDR is single-ended measurement, and is simple in structure, but its detection is faint spontaneous brillouin scattering light, is difficult to realize long distance, high-acruracy survey; BOTDA then is a double-end measurement, detection be stronger stimulated Brillouin scattering light, its measuring distance and precision are superior to BOTDR, are the Fibre Optical Sensors of at present tool application prospect.The system architecture of typical B OTDA is as shown in Figure 1, comprises probe source, pump light source, coupling mechanism 1, coupling mechanism 2, coupling mechanism 3, external modulator, scrambler, circulator, frequency measurement module, acquisition of signal module, sensor fibre.Wherein the wavelength of probe source and pump light source is very approaching; Its typical difference on the frequency is about 9 ~ 16GHz; Probe source and pump light source get into coupling mechanism 3 respectively after coupling mechanism 1, coupling mechanism 2 are told part light, and realize the measurement of the difference on the frequency of probe source and pump light source by the frequency measurement module, and external modulator generally adopts electrooptic modulator; Be used to produce pulsed optical signals; Scrambler is used to eliminate the influence of polarization, and to being incident to sensor fibre, brillouin scattering signal is measured by the acquisition of signal module behind circulator relatively for pulsed light and pump light.
Distributed fiberoptic sensor based on Brillouin scattering utilizes the development of optical fiber Brillouin backscattering effect.Brillouin scattering effect in the optical fiber is to inject a kind of nonlinear light scatter phenomenon that intercouples and act on and produce between the elasticity acoustic wavefield of light wave fields and optical fiber, wherein Brillouin shift v
BWith wavelength X, velocity of sound v
AWith refractive index n and relational expression be:
When variation of ambient temperature or optical fiber generation deformation, velocity of sound v in the optical fiber
AAll can change with the refractive index n of light thereupon, thereby make Brillouin shift v
BChange.Brillouin shift variable quantity and environment temperature, fibre strain are linear:
Δv
B=C
εΔε+C
TΔT （2）
Δ v in the formula
BBe the Brillouin shift variable quantity, Δ ε is the optical fiber axial strain, and Δ T is a fiber optic temperature, C
εAnd C
TBe respectively the strain and the temperature coefficient of brillouin frequency shifts.The strain of brillouin frequency shifts and temperature coefficient C
εAnd C
TExcept relevant with optical fiber structure, also relevant with optical maser wavelength, and optical maser wavelength difference is big more, and then the strain of brillouin frequency shifts and temperature coefficient difference are big more.
Because Brillouin shift is responsive simultaneously to temperature and strain, in actual application such as health status monitoring, need to solve this cross sensitivity effect, these people are proposed many solutions.As; People such as Bao X adopt special fibers such as polarization maintaining optical fibre, photonic crystal fiber, large effective area fiber as measuring optical fiber; Utilize a plurality of Brillouin shifts peak to come separation temperature and strain value (" Simultaneous strain and temperature measurements with polarization-maintaining fibers and their error analysis by use of a distributed Brillouin loss system; " Optics letters, 29 (12): 1342-1344,2004); But because special fiber mostly costs an arm and a leg, availability is poor, the long range measurements cost is too high.And for example; Application number is that 201010229960.7 patent of invention discloses at least two measuring optical fiber that the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient is different with stress coefficient that a kind of utilization is set up in parallel; And realize the measurement of the Brillouin shift variable quantity of two optical fiber through the photoswitch switching mode; Solve the cross sensitivity effect of Brillouin shift through Simultaneous Equations, but need lay two types single-mode fiber in advance temperature and strain.
Use apart from monitorings such as high voltage power cable, sea floor optoelectronic composite cables to long; Especially built the heavy construction project; Generally only laid a kind of single-mode fiber (for example G652); How utilizing the single-mode fiber of single kind to realize separating of temperature and strain, is that large-scale application is promoted the key based on the distributed fiberoptic sensor of Brillouin scattering.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of single-mode fiber of single kind that utilizes and realizes temperature and the simultaneously-measured distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of strain.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin scattering comprises first probe source, first pump light source; First coupling mechanism; Second coupling mechanism, the frequency measurement module is surveyed light output and signal processing module; The pump light output module; The sensor fibre module also comprises second probe source, second pump light source; First optical switch module and second optical switch module; Described first probe source is connected with two light signal input ends of first optical switch module respectively with second probe source, and described first pump light source is connected with two light signal input ends of second optical switch module respectively with second pump light source, and the light signal output end of described first optical switch module is connected with the input end of first coupling mechanism; The light signal output end of described second optical switch module is connected with the input end of second coupling mechanism; Described frequency measurement module is connected with an output terminal of first coupling mechanism and second coupling mechanism respectively, and another output terminal of described first coupling mechanism and second coupling mechanism is connected with the input end of the output of described detection light and signal processing module and pump light output module respectively, and the output terminal of output of described detection light and signal processing module and pump light output module is connected with the two ends of sensor fibre module respectively.
Described first probe source and first pump light source and second probe source and second pump light source have the different wavelengths scope, and the wavelength interval is not less than 190nm.Further; First probe source and first pump light source be if select the LASER Light Source of (1550 ± 30) nm scope for use, and the LASER Light Source that second probe source and second pump light source then need be selected (1310 ± 20) nm scope for use is the LASER Light Source of (1064 ± 20) nm scope perhaps.
Described first optical switch module and second optical switch module can be selected first probe source and first pump light source or second probe source and second pump light source light source as the Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance.
The Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance needs probe source and pump light source to incide on the sensor fibre in opposite directions; Utilize first probe source and first pump light source Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance light source that partners in the present technique scheme; Utilize second probe source and second pump light source to form another to Brillouin's time-domain analysis appearance light source; Core optical-electric modules such as other device such as frequency measurement module, detection light output and signal processing module, pump light output module, coupling mechanism are then shared; Switching through first photoswitch and second optical switch module; Realized the different Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance of two cover optical maser wavelengths with lower cost, can obtain the Brillouin shift variable quantity distribution Δ v of two groups of sensor fibres this moment
B1(z) and Δ v
B2(z).Because the optical maser wavelength of first probe source and first pump light source and second probe source and second pump light source has than big-difference the coefficient of strain C of their brillouin frequency shifts
ε 1, C
ε 2With temperature coefficient C
T1, C
T2Difference, this moment, Simultaneous Equations can obtain sensor fibre strain value Δ ε (z) and temperature value Δ T (z) everywhere along the line:
Beneficial effect of the present invention: (1) provides a kind of sensor fibre that utilizes single kind to realize the device of strain and temperature simultaneously measuring, has solved the problem of temperature and strain cross sensitivity effect in the brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing; (2) the shared frequency measurement module of this device, survey core optical-electric modules such as light output and signal processing module, pump light output module, coupling mechanism, only increased a pair of light source, simple in structure, cost is low; (3) this device does not have specific (special) requirements to the specification of sensor fibre, and is applied widely, especially is fit to build the distributed on line monitoring application of engineering.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of typical Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin scattering of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the embodiment of the invention 1 is surveyed light output and signal processing module;
The relation of Brillouin shift and fibre strain and temperature when Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the invention 1 optical maser wavelength 1550nm;
The relation of Brillouin shift and fibre strain and temperature when Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the invention 1 optical maser wavelength 1310nm.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1:
Like Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin scattering comprises first probe source, 1, the second probe source 2; First pump light source, 3, the second pump light sources, 4, the first optical switch modules 5; Second optical switch module, 6, the first coupling mechanisms, 7, the second coupling mechanisms 8; Frequency measurement module 9 is surveyed light output and signal processing module 10, pump light output module 11 and sensor fibre module 12.First probe source 1, second probe source 2, first pump light source 3 and second pump light source 4 are the narrow-linewidth laser light source, and its typical live width is less than 1MHz; First probe source 1 and the first pump light source 3 Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance light source that partners wherein; Select for use communication to go up the most frequently used optical maser wavelength; It is (1550 ± 30) nm that wavelength is selected scope for use; Particularly; First probe source 1 is selected the narrow linewidth laser of 1550.12nm for use in the present embodiment, and first pump light source 3 is selected the narrow linewidth laser of 1550.04nm for use, through temperature or piezoelectric ceramics PZT is tuning or the frequency displacement device makes the difference on the frequency of first probe source 1 and first pump light source 3 cover Brillouin's frequency spectrum (about 9 ~ 13GHz1550nm) of optical fiber; And second probe source 2 and second pump light source 4 are formed another to Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance light source; Its wavelength coverage and first pair of Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance optical source wavelength have certain distance; It is (1310 ± 20) nm that the present embodiment medium wavelength is selected scope for use; Particularly; Second probe source 2 is selected the Nd:YLF laser instrument of 1310.07nm for use, and second pump light source 4 is selected the Nd:YLF laser instrument of 1310.00nm for use, through temperature or piezoelectric ceramics PZT is tuning or the frequency displacement device makes the difference on the frequency of second probe source 2 and second pump light source 4 cover Brillouin's frequency spectrum (about 11 ~ 15GHz1310nm) of optical fiber.First optical switch module 5 and second optical switch module 6 are 2 * 1 photoswitches; First probe source 1 is connected with the light signal input end 51,52 of first optical switch module 5 respectively with second probe source 2; First pump light source 3 is connected with the light signal input end 61,62 of second optical switch module 6 respectively with second pump light source 4, can select first probe source 1 and first pump light source 3 or second probe source 2 and second pump light source 4 light source as the Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance through circuit control; The light signal output end 53 of first optical switch module 5 is connected with the input end of first coupling mechanism 7, and the light signal output end 63 of second optical switch module 6 is connected with the input end of second coupling mechanism 8; Frequency measurement module 9 is connected with an output terminal of first coupling mechanism 7 and second coupling mechanism 8 respectively, is used to measure the difference on the frequency of probe source and pump light source; Another output terminal of first coupling mechanism 7 and second coupling mechanism 8 is connected with the input end of surveying light output and signal processing module 10 and pump light output module 11 respectively; Wherein survey light output and signal processing module 10 and be used to produce pulse signal and backscatter signals reception; Comprise pulse-modulator 101, circulator 102 and high speed signal detector 103 in output of detection light and the signal processing module 10 in this enforcement, as shown in Figure 3.If measuring distance is long, surveying in light output and the signal processing module 10 to increase image intensifer or scrambler, surveys optical output power and increases the polarization homogeneity to improve.Pump light output module 11 mainly is that pump light is handled and exported, and generally includes devices such as scrambler, optical attenuator.The output terminal of surveying light output and signal processing module 10 and pump light output module 11 is connected with the two ends of sensor fibre module 12 respectively, and sensor fibre module 12 is the single mode 28e+ optical fiber of Coring company in this enforcement.
Form two cover optical maser wavelengths different Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance with first pump light source 3 and second probe source 2 with second pump light source 4 by first probe source 1; To same sensor fibre module 12 tests, can obtain the Brillouin shift variable quantity distribution Δ v of two groups of sensor fibres
B1(z) and Δ v
B2(z).According to test, by the Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance that first probe source 1 and first pump light source 3 are formed, the optical source wavelength scope is 1550nm, and this moment, the coefficient of strain and the temperature coefficient of Brillouin shift were respectively C
ε 1=467MHz/%, C
T1=0.98MHz/ ℃, as shown in Figure 4; By another Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance that second probe source 2 and second pump light source 4 are formed, the optical source wavelength scope is 1310nm, and this moment, the coefficient of strain and the temperature coefficient of Brillouin shift were respectively C
ε 2=500MHz/%, C
T2=1.16MHz/ ℃, as shown in Figure 5; The coefficient of strain C of the Brillouin shift of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance that two optical maser wavelength is different
ε 1, C
ε 2With temperature coefficient C
T1, C
T2Have than big-difference; Can obtain sensor fibre strain value Δ ε (z) and temperature value Δ T (z) everywhere along the line through Simultaneous Equations; Realized strain and temperature simultaneously measuring, solved the problem of temperature and strain cross sensitivity effect in the brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing the sensor fibre of single kind.
Embodiment 2:
The device of present embodiment and embodiment 1 are similar; The wavelength coverage of different is in the present embodiment second probe source 2 and second pump light source 4 is (1064 ± 20) nm; Particularly; Second probe source 2 is selected the Nd:YAG laser instrument of 1064.26nm for use; Second pump light source 4 is selected the Nd:YAG laser instrument of 1064.21nm for use, through temperature or piezoelectric ceramics PZT is tuning or the frequency displacement device makes the difference on the frequency of second probe source 2 and second pump light source 4 cover Brillouin's frequency spectrum (about 13 ~ 17GHz1064nm) of optical fiber.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be construed as the restriction to protection domain of the present invention.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any type of distortion of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc. and all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin scattering comprises first probe source, first pump light source; First coupling mechanism; Second coupling mechanism, the frequency measurement module is surveyed light output and signal processing module; The pump light output module; The sensor fibre module is characterized in that also comprising second probe source, second pump light source; First optical switch module and second optical switch module; Described first probe source is connected with two light signal input ends of first optical switch module respectively with second probe source, and described first pump light source is connected with two light signal input ends of second optical switch module respectively with second pump light source, and the light signal output end of described first optical switch module is connected with the input end of first coupling mechanism; The light signal output end of described second optical switch module is connected with the input end of second coupling mechanism; Described frequency measurement module is connected with an output terminal of first coupling mechanism and second coupling mechanism respectively, and another output terminal of described first coupling mechanism and second coupling mechanism is connected with the input end of the output of described detection light and signal processing module and pump light output module respectively, and the output terminal of output of described detection light and signal processing module and pump light output module is connected with the two ends of sensor fibre module respectively.
2. a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment as claimed in claim 1 based on Brillouin scattering; It is characterized in that described first probe source and first pump light source and second probe source and second pump light source have the different wavelengths scope, and the wavelength interval is not less than 190nm.
3. a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin scattering as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described first optical switch module and second optical switch module can select first probe source and first pump light source or second probe source and second pump light source light source as the Brillouin optical time domain analysis appearance.
4. a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin scattering as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described first optical switch module and second optical switch module are 2 * 1 photoswitches, is provided with two light signal input ends and a light signal output end.
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| CN103048070A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-04-17 | 广东电网公司电力调度控制中心 | Stress monitoring method of distributed optical fiber system |
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| CN106482792A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-08 | 深圳市道桥维修中心桥梁检测站 | Bridge health monitoring system based on Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing technology |
| CN109373915A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of multi-phase fluid method for measuring thickness and system based on chaos Brillouin scattering |
| CN110220540A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-09-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | A kind of detection light generation system applied to distributive fiber optic strain demodulation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103616090A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-05 | 山东大学 | Brillouin distributed type optical fiber sensing temperature measurement system for eliminating optical fiber attenuation |
| CN105115621A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-12-02 | 闽南师范大学 | Raman sensing temperature measurement system in double-end injection annular structure, and Raman sensing temperature measurement method |
| CN105115621B (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2017-11-17 | 闽南师范大学 | The Raman sensing temp measuring system and method for a kind of both-end injection loop configuration |
| CN106482792A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-08 | 深圳市道桥维修中心桥梁检测站 | Bridge health monitoring system based on Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing technology |
| CN109373915A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of multi-phase fluid method for measuring thickness and system based on chaos Brillouin scattering |
| CN110220540A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-09-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | A kind of detection light generation system applied to distributive fiber optic strain demodulation |
| CN111089646A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-01 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting position of pipeline external water entering buried pipeline or hidden culvert by using distributed optical fiber |
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Effective date of registration: 20140529 Address after: 315010 Yongfeng North Road, Haishu, Zhejiang, No. 63, No. Applicant after: ZHEJIANG ZHONGXIN POWER MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: Haishu District of Zhejiang province 315010 Bu Zheng Xiang, Ningbo City No. 16 Chong Building Room 1201 Applicant before: NINGBO NUOTCH OPTOELECTRONICS Co.,Ltd. |
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Denomination of invention: A distributed optical fiber sensing device based on Brillouin scattering Effective date of registration: 20220809 Granted publication date: 20140723 Pledgee: Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Ningbo Haishu sub branch Pledgor: ZHEJIANG ZHONGXIN POWER MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022330001682 |
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