CN103651097A - Method for performing artificial pollination on ginkgoes - Google Patents
Method for performing artificial pollination on ginkgoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103651097A CN103651097A CN201310584973.XA CN201310584973A CN103651097A CN 103651097 A CN103651097 A CN 103651097A CN 201310584973 A CN201310584973 A CN 201310584973A CN 103651097 A CN103651097 A CN 103651097A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for performing artificial pollination on ginkgoes. The pollination method comprises the steps as follows: male flowers are collected or bought from the end of March to the beginning of April, and male flower powder is obtained through the adoption of an air drying method or a lime drying method; the timely pollination time is determined: according to three required meteorological factors namely accumulated temperature, sunshine duration and rainfall capacity, the theoretical formula Y=30-0.0030632X1-0.024708X2-0.00286494X3(Y refers to the number of days before 31st March, X1 refers to the active accumulated temperature of equal to or greater than 10 DEG C, X2 refers to sunshine duration and X3 refers to rainfall capacity), and the mature period of female flowers are predicted to determine the best scientific method of pollination, so that the best pollination period is determined. The spraying pollination is adopted as the artificial pollination method, so that the timely and appropriate pollination is realized; generally, a ginkgo tree which produces 50 kg of gingkoes needs about 100-150 g of male inflorescences, the spraying operation is performed in upwind direction of the ginkgo tree, the powder is sprayed uniformly, and the spraying speed is high. If rain falls within 4 hours after powder is sprayed, the powder is required to be secondarily sprayed once. The fertilization is excellent, and the yield is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation field, relate to a kind of method of ginkgo artificial pollination.
Background technology
Ginkgo dioecism, artificial supplementary pollination is the important measures that improve gingko output.Timely and appropriate discovery carries out artificial pollination not only can improve the output of gingko, also improves the quality of gingko.Otherwise should form biennial bearing, general in the situation that tree vigo(u)r is vigorous, pollination in good time, consumption crosses that result is on the high side at most, is good year.On the contrary, improper if the time of artificial pollination is grasped, or adopted tender even rotten mouldy male flower, be fertilized bad, cause abortion, cause fruit drop, result is on the low side, for diminishing year in off year or the good year of making.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method of ginkgo artificial pollination, and past ginkgo pollination is all spontaneous pollination.Pollination is as too many in the ginkgo result of wind direction under fine day season, easily forms heavy duty, and ginkgo growth is caused to adverse effect, gently forms biennial bearing, heavy cause ginkgo dead, and the while also causes ginkgo male flower to waste.From the seventies, we coordinate the He Fengren of northern Suzhou agricultural college professor, in small towns such as the Xuan Bao of Taixing City, Jiangsu Province, Tian He, port, Diao Pu, bridges, through research and probe for many years, successively adopt wounded branch method, the pollen method of shaking, the artificial supplementary pollination of spray-on process ginkgo, by comparing finishing screen, select the artificial supplementary pollination of atomizing ginkgo and apply, effect is fairly obvious, has obtained good economic benefit.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A method for ginkgo artificial pollination, comprises the steps:
The collection of step 1, male pollen and making:
(1), at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, observe ginkgo rudiment;
(2) whether ripely within 12-15 days after germinateing, observe male flower.When gathering or buying male flower, select that bennet is solid, flower pesticide is loose, fresh, chubbiness, green inner Huang, glossiness male flower, should not adopt tender male flower;
(3) processing of male pollen and preservation, process the male inflorescence collecting by dryness in the sun method or lime seasoning.Dryness in the sun method, is spread out in the male flower inflorescence of removing impurity in the plaque that is lined with blank sheet of paper or newspaper thinly, covers equally blank sheet of paper or newspaper above, is placed under the sun and shines, and stir 3-5 every day, makes whole pollen sac distribute pollen in 1-2 days; Lime seasoning, by the male inflorescence collecting, remove impurity, with newspaper, be bundled into the parcel of 50-100 gram, be placed in the container that fills raw coal, on coal, cover the strong clean-keeping paper of water suction, hygroscopic effect by raw coal, processing through 2-3 days, makes it the pollen that sheds, and is placed on shady and cool dry place standby after the pollen shedding is wrapped with clean-keeping paper;
Step 2, the time of in good time pollinating, change and be used to " grain rains " front and back mechanical pollinating method of three days.The scientific method that employing is determined best pollination according to the theoretical formula Y=30-0.0030632X1-0.247408X2-0.00286494X3 (Y-is apart from number of days, X1->=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature, X2-sunshine duration, the X3-rainfall on March 31) of required accumulated temperature, sunshine duration and three meteorological factors prediction ginkgo artificial pollination optimal periods of rainfall and female flower maturing stage, April 10-15 day observed result elite stand deperulation and while having on 1/2-2/3 female flower point mouth shinny droplet (eight, nine observations in the morning) be best pollination period; Generally, contain fruit tree and result tree in good year, pollination time can be early partially partially in good time, while having the ovule full maturity of (50-60) % on tree, can carry out; Just fruit tree and result young tree, pollination time can be in good time evening partially, while having the ovule full maturity of (70-80) % on tree, pollinate.
The method of step 3, artificial pollination is spraying pollination, can save pollen, effective.Every 1 jin of high-quality male inflorescence shed in clean pollen, add 30-50 jin water, can be for the pollination of 3-4 strain tree with power driven sprayer even spraying tree crown.Pollinate that apparatus used and water all will clean, nontoxic, alkali-free, without harmful substances such as agricultural chemicals; Pollen liquid will be with joining with spray, and the pollen liquid preparing can not be over 2 hours; Wind direction in the tree during spraying, sprays evenly, and speed is fast, take ginkgo tree crown in, bottom is as main; Should determine pollination time and pollination amount according to the height of the age of tree, tree crown, tree vigo(u)r and managerial skills, accomplish " in good time, in right amount " pollination, adhere to " Man Shuhua half sets fruit, and partly tree is spent full tree fruit " year fruit principle, when female flower is many, get less (hero) ready and spend; When female flower is few, can suitably get flower ready more, can greatly improve stable yields level like this.The ginkgo of 50 kilograms of gingkoes of general knot, needs male inflorescence 100-150 gram left and right.Simultaneously will be according to weather condition then, and male flower quality and determining.Pollination will be selected fine day, after dew is dry, carries out, if pollinated, rains and will mend pollination in latter two hours.
Method according to a kind of ginkgo artificial pollination described in preferred embodiment of the present invention
At the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, gather or buy male flower, by dryness in the sun or lime seasoning, obtaining male pollen.The time of pollination determines that according to theoretical formula Y=30-0.0030632X1-0.024708X2-0.00286494X3 (Y-is apart from number of days, X1->=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature, X2-sunshine duration, the X3-rainfall on March 31) and the female flower maturing stage of required accumulated temperature, sunshine duration and three meteorological factor prediction ginkgo artificial pollination optimal periods of rainfall the scientific method of best pollination obtains best pollination period in good time.The method of artificial pollination is spraying pollination, accomplishes timely and appropriate discovery pollination, generally ties the ginkgo of 50 kilograms of gingkoes, needs male inflorescence 100-150 gram left and right, and wind direction in the tree during spraying, sprays evenly, and speed is fast.Spray in latter 4 hours and rain, need fill spray 1 time.Fertilization is good, increases output.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Ginkgo dioecism, artificial supplementary pollination is the important measures that improve gingko output.Timely and appropriate discovery carries out artificial pollination not only can improve the output of gingko, also improves the quality of gingko, produces good economic benefit.
Embodiment:
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.Yet, those skilled in the art will readily understand, embodiment is only for the present invention is described, and should also can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims.
Embodiment 1, experiment place: Qi Liqun branch, forest farm, Taixing City
(1) March 30 is to April 1, ginkgo rudiment;
(2) April 15, gathers male flower, and at this moment the bennet of male inflorescence is solid, flower pesticide is loose, fresh, chubbiness, green inner Huang, glossiness male flower, should not adopt tender male flower;
(3) processing of male pollen and preservation, process the male inflorescence collecting by dryness in the sun method or lime seasoning.Dryness in the sun method, is spread out in the male flower inflorescence of removing impurity in the plaque that is lined with blank sheet of paper or newspaper thinly, covers equally blank sheet of paper or newspaper above, is placed under the sun and shines, and stir 3-5 every day, makes whole pollen sac distribute pollen in 1-2 days; Lime seasoning, by the male inflorescence collecting, remove impurity, with newspaper, be bundled into the parcel of 50-100 gram, be placed in the container that fills raw coal, on coal, cover the strong clean-keeping paper of water suction, hygroscopic effect by raw coal, processing through 2-3 days, makes it the pollen that sheds, and is placed on shady and cool dry place standby after the pollen shedding is wrapped with clean-keeping paper;
(4) time of in good time pollinating, change and be used to " grain rains " front and back mechanical pollinating method of three days.The scientific method that employing is determined best pollination according to the theoretical formula Y=30-0.0030632X1-0.247408X2-0.00286494X3 (Y-is apart from number of days, X1->=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature, X2-sunshine duration, the X3-rainfall on March 31) of required accumulated temperature, sunshine duration and three meteorological factors prediction ginkgo artificial pollination optimal periods of rainfall and female flower maturing stage, April 15 observed result elite stand deperulation and to have shinny droplet (eight, nine observations in the morning) on 1/2-2/3 female flower point mouth be best pollination period; Contain fruit tree and result tree in good year, pollination time is 15-16 day in April, while having the ovule full maturity of (50-60) % on tree, pollinates; Just fruit tree and result young tree, pollination time is 17-18 day in April, while having the ovule full maturity of (70-80) % on tree, pollinates.
(5) method of artificial pollination totally three kinds be spray-on process, wounded branch method, the pollen method of shaking.
1. spray-on process, can save pollen, effective.Every 0.5 kilogram of high-quality male inflorescence shed in clean pollen, add 15-25 kg of water, can be for the pollination of the raw bearing-age tree 3-4 of 50-70 strain tree with power driven sprayer even spraying tree crown.Pollinate that apparatus used and water all will clean, nontoxic, alkali-free, without harmful substances such as agricultural chemicals; Pollen liquid will be with joining with spray, and the pollen liquid preparing can not be over 2 hours; Wind direction in the tree during spraying, sprays evenly, and speed is fast, take ginkgo tree crown in, bottom is as main; Should determine pollination time and pollination amount according to the height of the age of tree, tree crown, tree vigo(u)r and managerial skills, accomplish " in good time, in right amount " pollination, adhere to " Man Shuhua half sets fruit, and partly tree is spent full tree fruit " year fruit principle, when female flower is many, get less (hero) ready and spend; When female flower is few, can suitably get flower ready more, can greatly improve stable yields level like this.The ginkgo of 50 kilograms of gingkoes of general knot, needs male inflorescence 100-150 gram left and right.Simultaneously will be according to weather condition then, and male flower quality and determining.Pollination will be selected fine day, after dew is dry, carries out, if pollinated, rains and will mend pollination in latter two hours.It is high, simple that the method pollination economizes flower, uniform pollination, percentage of fertile fruit.
2. wounded branch method, will gather the male flower skill of coming, and be cut into the skill section of 25-30 centimeter length, and 2-3 skill intersection is bundled into a branch of with cord, be hung on the upper public attention of Xiong Shu or upper strata tree crown.For extending the vitality clip male flower skill that a bud just ready to burst of pollen, shake in filling the glass bottle of clear water, then vial is hung on female tree.Wounded quantity is determined according to the size of tree, and this method, because all cutting off every year many male flower branches, affects the amount of blooming continuously of male flower.Pollination amount is simultaneously also wayward, easily produces inhomogeneous.
3. the pollen method of shaking, packs clean pollen in gauze bag into, is hung on long bamboo pole top, and people stands in upper public attention of tree, by each portion of tree crown upper, middle and lower, beats gently bamboo, the vibration gauze bag pollen that sheds.This method should be carried out when sunny calm or gentle breeze.Will note in use the shaking selection at pole position, counting of vibration can be suitably some more, and the output of shaking should be lacked, can make the pollen larger scope of scattering be advisable.For controlling flower amount, can in gingko pollen, add the mixed use of a certain proportion of pollen pini.The mixed ratio of pollen pini and gingko pollen is generally 10:1.Though the waste of this method saving of labor but pollen is larger, easily produce the inhomogeneous phenomenon of pollination.
By comparing finishing screen, select the artificial supplementary pollination of atomizing ginkgo and apply, effect is fairly obvious, has obtained good economic benefit.
Method of the present invention, saves pollen, effective, increases the yield and quality of ginkgo, has good economic benefit.
Those skilled in the art should be understood that the present invention can not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention with many other concrete forms realizations.Although already described embodiments of the invention, the present invention should be understood and these embodiment should be restricted to, within the spirit and scope of the invention that those skilled in the art can define as appended claims, make and change and revise.The changes that any person skilled in the art can think of, all should drop in the application's protection domain.
Claims (14)
1. a method for ginkgo artificial pollination, is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
The collection of step 1, male pollen and making:
(1), at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, observe ginkgo rudiment;
(2) whether ripely within 12-15 days after germinateing, observe male flower.When gathering or buying male flower, select that bennet is solid, flower pesticide is loose, fresh, chubbiness, green inner Huang, glossiness male flower, should not adopt tender male flower;
(3) processing of male pollen and preservation, process the male inflorescence collecting by dryness in the sun method or lime seasoning.Dryness in the sun method, is spread out in the male flower inflorescence of removing impurity in the plaque that is lined with blank sheet of paper or newspaper thinly, covers equally blank sheet of paper or newspaper above, is placed under the sun and shines, and stir 3-5 every day, makes whole pollen sac distribute pollen in 1-2 days; Lime seasoning, by the male inflorescence collecting, remove impurity, with newspaper, be bundled into the parcel of 50-100 gram, be placed in the container that fills raw coal, on coal, cover the strong clean-keeping paper of water suction, hygroscopic effect by raw coal, processing through 2-3 days, makes it the pollen that sheds, and is placed on shady and cool dry place standby after the pollen shedding is wrapped with clean-keeping paper;
Step 2, the time of in good time pollinating, change and be used to " grain rains " front and back mechanical pollinating method of three days.The scientific method that employing is determined best pollination according to the theoretical formula Y=30-0.0030632X1-0.247408X2-0.00286494X3 (Y-is apart from number of days, X1->=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature, X2-sunshine duration, the X3-rainfall on March 31) of required accumulated temperature, sunshine duration and three meteorological factors prediction ginkgo artificial pollination optimal periods of rainfall and female flower maturing stage, April 10-15 day observed result elite stand deperulation and while having on 1/2-2/3 female flower point mouth shinny droplet (eight, nine observations in the morning) be best pollination period; Generally, contain fruit tree and result tree in good year, pollination time can be early partially partially in good time, while having the ovule full maturity of (50-60) % on tree, can carry out; Just fruit tree and result young tree, pollination time can be in good time evening partially, while having the ovule full maturity of (70-80) % on tree, pollinate.
The method of step 3, artificial pollination is spraying pollination, can save pollen, effective.Every 1 jin of high-quality male inflorescence shed in clean pollen, add 30-50 jin water, can be for the pollination of 3-4 strain tree with power driven sprayer even spraying tree crown.Pollinate that apparatus used and water all will clean, nontoxic, alkali-free, without harmful substances such as agricultural chemicals; Pollen liquid will be with joining with spray, and the pollen liquid preparing can not be over 2 hours; Wind direction in the tree during spraying, sprays evenly, and speed is fast, take ginkgo tree crown in, bottom is as main; Should determine pollination time and pollination amount according to the height of the age of tree, tree crown, tree vigo(u)r and managerial skills, accomplish " in good time, in right amount " pollination, adhere to " Man Shuhua half sets fruit, and partly tree is spent full tree fruit " year fruit principle, when female flower is many, get less (hero) ready and spend; When female flower is few, can suitably get flower ready more, can greatly improve stable yields level like this.The ginkgo of 50 kilograms of gingkoes of general knot, needs male inflorescence 100-150 gram left and right.Simultaneously will be according to weather condition then, and male flower quality and determining.Pollination will be selected fine day, after dew is dry, carries out, if pollinated, rains and will mend pollination in latter two hours.
2. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (1), at the beginning of described by the end of March to 4 month, observes ginkgo rudiment.
3. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (1), whether ripely within described 12-15 after germinateing days, observes male flower.
4. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (1), described collection or while buying male flower, select that bennet is solid, flower pesticide is loose, fresh, chubbiness, green inner Huang, glossiness male flower, should not adopt tender male flower.
5. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), described male inflorescence is processed by dryness in the sun method or lime seasoning.
6. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (2) the theoretical formula Y=30-0.0030632X1-0.247408X2-0.00286494X3 of described ginkgo artificial pollination optimal period (Y-is apart from number of days, X1->=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature, X2-sunshine duration, the X3-rainfall on March 31).
7. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (2), described April 10-15 day observed result elite stand deperulation and while having on 1/2-2/3 female flower point mouth shinny droplet (eight, nine observations in the morning) be best pollination period.
8. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (2), described
Contain fruit tree and result tree in good year, pollination time can be early partially partially in good time, while having the ovule full maturity of (50-60) % on tree, can carry out; Just fruit tree and result young tree, pollination time can be in good time evening partially, while having the ovule full maturity of (70-80) % on tree, pollinate.
9. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), described
Every 1 jin of high-quality male inflorescence shed in clean pollen, add 30-50 jin water, can be for the pollination of 3-4 strain tree with power driven sprayer even spraying tree crown.
10. the method for ginkgo artificial pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), and described pollen liquid will be with joining with spray, and the pollen liquid preparing can not be over 2 hours.
The method of 11. ginkgo artificial pollinations according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), and wind direction in the tree during described spraying, sprays evenly, and speed is fast, take ginkgo tree crown in, bottom is as main.
The method of 12. ginkgo artificial pollinations according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), and fruit principle is carried in described will adhering to " Man Shuhua half tree fruit, half tree is spent full tree fruit ".
The method of 13. ginkgo artificial pollinations according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), the ginkgo of described 50 kilograms of gingkoes of knot, needs male inflorescence 100-150 gram left and right.
The method of 14. ginkgo artificial pollinations according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), described pollination will be selected fine day, after dew is dry, carries out, if pollinated, rains and will mend pollination in latter two hours
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107509586A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-26 | 界首市众建家庭农场 | A kind of cultural method for improving big Kubo percentage of fertile fruit |
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| CN103190334A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-10 | 赵新和 | Hand-pollination method of gingko tree |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2377762A1 (en) * | 1976-10-11 | 1978-08-18 | Pekmez Paul | New variety of Ginkgo Biloba - is obtained by crossing new pollinated seed with Ginkgo Biloba Fastigiata |
| CN102754580A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | 陈宜军 | Method for cultivating large finger citron ginkgo trees |
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| CN107509586A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-26 | 界首市众建家庭农场 | A kind of cultural method for improving big Kubo percentage of fertile fruit |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |