CN103650876A - Weibei dryland apple-sainfoin three-dimensional allocation standardized production technology - Google Patents
Weibei dryland apple-sainfoin three-dimensional allocation standardized production technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Weibei dryland apple-sainfoin three-dimensional allocation standardized production technology. The Weibei dryland apple-sainfoin three-dimensional allocation standardized production technology includes the following steps: (1) determining the sowing time and the sowing amount, wherein sowing is carried out after early spring after apple trees sprout, or sowing is carried out after the rainy season in summer or autumn, and 3.0-4.0kg of seeds are sowed per mu; (2) determining the sowing mode, wherein an inter-line sainfoin planting mode is adopted for an apple grove with the planting density (the row spacing*the line spacing) of 2m*4m; (3) determining the clipping time, wherein clipping is not carried out in the first year after sowing, clipping is started to be carried out from the second year, the first-time clipping is preferably carried out before an early flowering season, clipping is carried out every 40-50 days afterwards, clipping is carried out three times in a whole year, the third year, the fifth year and the sixth year are the same as the second year in clipping time number, and clipping is carried out one time in the fourth year; (4) conducting field management. According to the Weibei dryland apple-sainfoin three-dimensional allocation standardized production technology, the grove soil nutrient is improved, the pest and disease damage is reduced, the yield and the quality of fruits are improved, the ecological environment is further adjusted, the carbon sequestration and oxygen production ecological value is increased, and the win-win effect on economic benefits and ecological benefits is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the non-irrigated plateau apple-sainfoin stereoscopic configurations standardized production technology in north, a kind of Weihe, belong to gardening and agrostology field.
Background technology
Apple is the most important fruit tree of China, and the output value and economic benefit are sure to occupy prostatitis in plant husbandry.The non-irrigated plateau in north, Weihe is located in territory, arid and semi-arid regions, loess plateau, is one of China two Big Apple major production areas.Apple orchard has economy, society and ecological triple role, particularly as the economic forest ecosystem, in carbon nitrogen cycle, solid carbon oxygen and the middle more and more important effect of bringing into play that purifies air.
Owing to being subject to economic interests to maximize the restriction of thought, in production of fruit trees management practice, traditional way to manage and tillage control measure cause apple orchard to produce many problems, as a large amount of use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals cause that soil structure destroys and fertility declines year by year, clean tillage causes earth's surface exposed, a large amount of evaporations of upper soll layer moisture and cause soil drought aggravation, orchard moist heat destroys and uses the soil-borne disease causing serious etc., seriously restricts and affect the sustainable development of this area's fruit industry.In addition, increase along with apple orchard Planting Years, in the apple production of north, Weihe, also occurred increasing new problem, decline such as the soil organic matter and cause fruit quality decline, damage by disease and insect is multiple, fruit tree nutritional deficiency disease increases etc. directly causes output of the fruit tree to reduce, and even sets body death.
It is the management understanding of many orchard workers to apple orchard that " grass go in eye clean ", grass meeting and fruit tree are fought for nutrient etc., in soil cultivation is managed, still take " clean tillage " as main.Protective farming technique, as the measures such as no-tillage, maize straw covering, plastic mulching can effectively keep soil moisture, improvement soil structure and soil fertility, but requires very highly to material resources, fund input, particularly need very large manpower.Therefore, limited its application and popularization in orchard.Orchard kind grass is a kind of effective sustainable management measure, comparatively speaking, less demanding to fund input and manpower.Apple orchard kind grass can improve soil organic matter content etc., can obtain the bumper harvests of economy and environment benefit simultaneously.Sainfoin has high nutritive value and have the title of " herbage queen " because of it, and its property happiness Wen Liang, arid climate, drought-resistant, cold, fertilizer deficiency lean soil etc., be particularly suitable for planting in the place of 400 millimeters of rainfalls; In addition, sainfoin output is high, and lateral root is enriching also raw a large amount of rhizobium and can fertilize the soil.Therefore, at the non-irrigated plateau in north, Weihe, set up the production of apple-sainfoin stereoscopic configurations technology and there is very high feasibility.Compare the Bai Sanye of present popularization, more than 2 years sainfoin period of seedling establishment Zao 10～15 days than clover, under identical weather and water and fertilizer condition, average yield per mu is for many years higher by 15～25% than Bai Sanye.
There is following shortcoming in currently used technology: (1) clean tillage soil bareness in summer is under sun direct projection, and soil moisture is evaporated in a large number, causes soil drought to harden; (2) infringement soil with organic matter is irradiated in clean tillage ultraviolet ray; (3) clean tillage needs very large hand labor power, water and soil loss and ecological environment problem; (4) other technology as stalk and plastic mulching fund cost high, need hand labor power high; (5) to the disturbance of soil with turn over and increased the discharge capacity of soil C02.
China orchard, Bei Hanyuan apple orchard, special Weihe, orchard soil cultivation management measure in the past be take traditional " clean tillage " as main, cause that water and soil loss, soil depletion harden, soil water evaporation etc., cause orchard environment to worsen, thereby cause that fruit tree diseases and pests aggravation and fruit quality decline.The standardized production technical system of Wei Bei Zao Yuan apple orchard-sainfoin stereoscopic configurations has successfully been proposed by the test-demonstration of 7～8 years for this reason.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to set up the healthy continuable fruit grass stereoscopic configurations ecosystem, propose to be applicable to the standardized technique of Bei Hanyuan apple orchard, Weihe plantation sainfoin, improve orchard's soil nutrient, reduce damage by disease and insect, improve fruit output and quality, and then regulate ecotope to increase the reinforcing carbon oxygen ecological value, realize the doulbe-sides' victory of economy and zoology benefit.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
The non-irrigated plateau apple-sainfoin stereoscopic configurations standardized production technology in north, Weihe, main process and step are as follows:
(1) sowing time and seeding quantity: to sow in spring, be advisable, after the early spring, apple tree can be sowed after germinateing; Or after summer, rainy season in autumn, sow, but should not be later than mid-August.Seeding quantity is suitable with every mu of 3.0～4.0kg.
(2) seeding method: the apple orchard that is 2m * 4m in planting density (spacing in the rows * line-spacing), take " planting careless pattern in the ranks ".Be specially to reserve in the place of the about 60cm of fruit tree trunk and plough clearly band, for follow-up green manuring, do the region of green manure.The sainfoin of sowing in the ranks of residue 2.8m, is advisable to broadcast sowing, also can drilling, and bar line-spacing sowing time keeps 20cm.Suitable sowing depth is 2～5cm.
(3) cradle the time: sowing First Year does not cradle, it comes off band seed maturity relief naturally in field.Second Year can start to cradle, and cradles to be for the first time advisable before the early flowering season, can cradle and can cradle once every 40～50 days later, can cradle the whole year 3 times.The 3rd year same Second Year, only cradles once on the 4th year, and the 5th, six years same Second Years can keep like this continuous renewal of field sainfoin plant seedling and supplement.Cradle with mower and carry out.Stubble height: cradle stubble height and be advisable to be greater than 5cm.Utilize mode: cradle rear herbage and can be directly used in the fodder grasses such as sheep, ox, or make green manure for direct green manuring.While making green manure for direct green manuring, after cradling, can take to be directly covered in the cultivated clearly band that top fruit sprayer layer reserves, also can shallow embedding be with acceleration vegetation Residue decay speed in clear ploughing.
(4) field management: should suitably use 15 kilograms of base fertilizer of superphosphate before sowing, sowing First Year will be noted cutting weeds.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: the apple production district at the non-irrigated plateau in north, Weihe carries out orchard sainfoin plantation, through Continuous Observation for many years, compare and there is following main effect with the orchard of not plantation: (1) can avoid the disturbance of year after year turning over to soil, granular structure and fruit tree root system that can spoiled soil after plantation sainfoin; (2) orchard planting sainfoin have water moisture self restraint ability, can effectively reduce rainfall the direct erosion of soil is improved to moisture sedimentation and infiltration rate, reduce soil water evaporation amount and improve the utilization ratio of fruit tree to moisture; (3) increase the bio-diversity in orchard ecosystem, for fruit tree pest insect provides more living space, reduced the generation of fruit tree diseases and pests; (4) can increase the soil organic matter and nitrogen content, compared with the control, after 8 years, soil organic matter content has improved 1.3～1.8%, can provide nitrogen 15～30kg every year.(5) plant the rear vegetal cover degree increase of grass and make soil respiration speed improve 20～30%, can increase orchard vegetation amount of nitrogen fixation; (6) effectively regulate orchard microclimate ecotope, reduce orchard summer temp; (7) shift to an earlier date about 7 days fruit color time, can increase fruit output and percent rate of high quality fruit.
Above-mentioned apple orchard-sainfoin stereoscopic configurations planting and establishing method is simple to operate, suitable mechanical or manual work, and less investment, instant effect, only need once plant, and can utilize for years, can realize economy, society, ecological benefits multi-functional.Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, to better understand the present invention.
Embodiment
Di Miao town, Xunyi County plateau apple-sainfoin Demonstration Base of setting up, according to the technology of the present invention, main process and step are as follows:
(1) sowing time and seeding quantity: apple tree i.e. sowing after germinateing after the early spring; Or sow after summer, rainy season in autumn.Every mu of 3.0～4.0kg of seeding quantity.
(2) seeding method: the apple orchard that is 2m * 4m in planting density (spacing in the rows * line-spacing), take " planting careless pattern in the ranks ".Be specially to reserve in the place of the about 60cm of fruit tree trunk and plough clearly band, for follow-up green manuring, do the region of green manure.The sainfoin of sowing in the ranks of residue 2.8m, is advisable to broadcast sowing, also can drilling, and bar line-spacing sowing time keeps 20cm.Suitable sowing depth is 2～5cm.
(3) cradle the time: sowing First Year does not cradle, it comes off band seed maturity relief naturally in field.Second Year can start to cradle, and cradles to be for the first time advisable before the early flowering season, can cradle and can cradle once every 40～50 days later, can cradle the whole year 3 times.The 3rd year same Second Year, only cradles once on the 4th year, and the 5th, six years same Second Years can keep like this continuous renewal of field sainfoin plant seedling and supplement.Cradle with mower and carry out.Stubble height: cradle stubble height and be advisable to be greater than 5cm.Utilize mode: cradle rear herbage and can be directly used in the fodder grasses such as sheep, ox, or make green manure for direct green manuring.While making green manure for direct green manuring, after cradling, can take to be directly covered in the cultivated clearly band that top fruit sprayer layer reserves, also can shallow embedding be with acceleration vegetation Residue decay speed in clear ploughing.
(4) field management: should suitably use 15 kilograms of base fertilizer of superphosphate before sowing, sowing First Year will be noted cutting weeds.
By many batches, cradle green manuring and test, promoted the growth of fruit tree, improved the quality of fruit, long-term test results shows, apple production 2300kg/ mu is taken in 9890 yuan/mu, with under the same terms not 6520 yuan of green manuring orchard incomes compare, improve 34.07%.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the non-irrigated plateau apple-sainfoin stereoscopic configurations standardized production technology in Weihe north, is characterized in that: main process and step are as follows:
(1) sowing time and seeding quantity: to sow in spring, be advisable, apple tree i.e. sowing after germinateing after the early spring; Or after summer, rainy season in autumn, sow, but should not be later than mid-August; Every mu of 3.0～4.0kg of seeding quantity;
(2) seeding method: the apple orchard that is 2m * 4m in planting density (spacing in the rows * line-spacing), take " planting careless pattern in the ranks "; Be specially to reserve in the place of the about 60cm of fruit tree trunk and plough clearly band, for follow-up green manuring, do the region of green manure; The sainfoin of sowing in the ranks of residue 2.8m, is advisable to broadcast sowing, or drilling, and bar line-spacing sowing time keeps 20cm; Sowing depth is 2～5cm;
(3) cradle the time: sowing First Year does not cradle, it comes off band seed maturity relief naturally in field; Second Year starts to cradle, and cradles to be for the first time advisable before the early flowering season, cradles once every 40～50 days later, cradles the whole year 3 times; The 3rd year same Second Year, only cradles once on the 4th year, and the 5th, six years same Second Years, to keep the continuous renewal of field sainfoin plant seedling and to supplement; Cradle with mower and carry out; Stubble height: cradle stubble height to be greater than 5cm; Utilize mode: cradle rear herbage and be directly used in the fodder grasses such as sheep, ox, or make green manure for direct green manuring; While making green manure for direct green manuring, after cradling, take to be directly covered in the clear cultivated band that top fruit sprayer layer reserves, or shallow embedding is in ploughing clearly band with acceleration vegetation Residue decay speed;
(4) field management: should suitably use 15 kilograms of base fertilizer of superphosphate before sowing, sowing First Year need be cut weeds.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885741A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for biologically improving hardened and salinized soil through intercropping and interplanting of sainfoin and four-wing saltbush |
| CN109122060A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-01-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method of purification of the single Wild grass herba digitariae in natural grass orchard |
| CN111406562A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-14 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for ecologically controlling orchard pests |
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| CN102138487A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-08-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Soil productivity improving soil and fertilizer management method for mountain and hill apple orchards |
| CN102498890A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-06-20 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Minimum-tillage and no-tillage mulching cultivation method of lemon orchard |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885741A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for biologically improving hardened and salinized soil through intercropping and interplanting of sainfoin and four-wing saltbush |
| CN109122060A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-01-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method of purification of the single Wild grass herba digitariae in natural grass orchard |
| CN109122060B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-08-25 | 山东省果树研究所 | Purification method of single wild grass species large crabgrass in natural grass orchard |
| CN111406562A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-14 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for ecologically controlling orchard pests |
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