CN103649432A - 特别用于轻质墙体或轻质立面的建造领域中的耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的元件 - Google Patents
特别用于轻质墙体或轻质立面的建造领域中的耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的元件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103649432A CN103649432A CN201280009649.9A CN201280009649A CN103649432A CN 103649432 A CN103649432 A CN 103649432A CN 201280009649 A CN201280009649 A CN 201280009649A CN 103649432 A CN103649432 A CN 103649432A
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- polymer film
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- water
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
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- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
- E04B9/0428—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like having a closed frame around the periphery
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Landscapes
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- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及轻质墙体的干式建造,特别是承重轻质立面或不有助于建筑物的稳定性的非承重轻质立面的建造。本发明具体涉及一种元件,其包括基于水硬性粘结剂的面板、结构和耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的接头构件,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。所述元件不包括耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的任何膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及轻质墙体的干式建造,特别是承重轻质立面或不有助于建筑物的稳定性的非承重轻质立面的建造。
背景技术
建筑物的立面表示其外壳,并具有在建筑物的内部与外部之间产生界面的作用。与具有混凝土墙体以及具有砖石等的填充物的常规建筑相反,非承重轻质立面为在建筑框架上使用轻质工业材料建造的立面。非承重轻质立面由称为承重结构的建筑结构负荷。根据定义,应了解承重结构在地基上承载。非承重轻质立面通过称为主框架的框架固定至承重结构。非承重轻质立面本身可包括(当必要时)固定至主框架的称为次框架的框架。在另一方面,承重轻质立面直接由地基承载。
在建造固有的条件下并考虑风雨的影响时,立面及其所有的接头(构架之间、构架与填充物之间、构架与主结构上的密封剂之间、窗户构架与框格之间等)必须确保在内部与外部环境之间不透水。通过标准NF EN12154,不透水定义为不存在水的渗透,所述水将连续或重复地润湿:
-待测试的元件的内表面的部分;
-旨在保持干燥,且不形成排水至外部的系统的部分的测试元件的任何部分。
因此,立面相对于水的保护是一个要点,且不能忽略不透水性。实际上,水的渗透可导致墙体的内部涂层的劣化、立面的能量性能的劣化,以及易冻材料的分解。当立面将外部环境与内部环境分离,且水蒸气压大于内部时,包含于内部空气中的水蒸气往往向外部迁移。经过立面的填充物的水蒸气可能遇到这样的温度,该温度足够低而使水蒸气在温度等于露点的位置处冷凝。于是,湿气的存在可改变材料、结合,并损害立面的绝缘性能,且加湿和蒸发的交替循环加剧了所述损害。
为了避免该冷凝现象,有可能通过在现场添加一个或多个膜和/或通过将一种或多种树脂或聚合物膜施用至材料,从而根据气候而选择填充物材料的性质和设置,以获得对蒸气、空气、风和/或雨的不渗透性。
可面对在建筑物的内部的立面的腔体施用膜,以防止最多的水蒸气渗透至填充物(隔汽层)。
可在建筑物的外部的立面的腔体施用膜,以防止最多的水蒸气渗透至填充物(隔风层和隔雨层)。隔风层和隔雨层具有如下优点:通过防止雨和风渗透至建筑物内并因此防止损害建筑物的构件的绝缘性质以及它们的耐久性,从而改进建筑物对空气和水的不渗透性。这有可能有助于改进建筑物的能量效率。
这种膜或树脂的缺点在于它们缺乏就对空气和水的不渗透性而言的可靠性。实际上,彼此结合膜以及固定膜导致不渗透性的损失,这改变了建筑物的热性能,并降低了就不渗透性而言的可靠性。此外,这些膜或这些树脂在现场的施用对于安装者而言是一个补充步骤,该步骤耗时,并降低了现场的生产率。最后,这些膜可能在建筑物的建造过程中易于穿孔。
为了满足安装者的要求,变得必要的是找到在现场停止这些膜的安装或这些树脂的施用,并同时保持所述膜和树脂所赋予的性质的另一方法。
而且,本发明力图解决的问题是提供一种适于建造轻质立面的新的方法,所述轻质立面耐空气传递,并且耐热和水(thermohydriques)传递,从而避免上述缺点。
出乎意料地,本发明人证实了有可能在现场省略膜的安装或树脂的施用,所述膜或树脂不透空气传递,并且不透热和水传递。
发明内容
为此目的,本发明涉及一种建造领域中的耐空气传递,并且耐热和水传递的元件,其包括:
-基于水硬性粘结剂的面板,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得;
-框架;
-耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的接头构件;
所述元件不包括耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的任何膜。
本发明也提出使用如上元件以制备轻质立面。
本发明也提出一种包括至少上述元件的轻质立面。
最后,本发明也涉及基于水硬性粘结剂的面板的用途,所述面板的饰面完全或部分由聚合物膜(如隔汽层、隔雨层或隔风层)涂布,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。
本发明提供了下述确定性优点中的至少一个。
有利地,根据本发明的元件有可能保持其中引入所述元件的立面对水和空气的不渗透性,并增加就所述立面的不渗透性而言的可靠性。
根据本发明的另一优点在于,其有可能在现场省略施用膜或树脂的步骤,所述步骤耗时且降低了现场生产率。
此外,根据本发明的元件能够在现场更快速地安装。
根据本发明的元件提供了另一优点:其也可用于建造承重轻质立面(所述承重轻质立面为有助于建筑物稳定性的那些),特别是在北美建造例如由金属或木材制成的轻质结构。
具体实施方式
当阅读仅为了说明性和非限制性的目的而提供的如下描述和实例时,本发明的其他优点和特性将变得清楚。
根据本发明,表述“轻质立面”优选理解为包括一个或多个墙体的立面,其中至少一个外墙的特征在于:
·几乎总是小于约100kg/m2的低质量(相比于超过200kg/m2的以砖石或以混凝土制得的立面的不透明墙体);
·通常配备精整饰面的制造产品的使用。
轻质立面可选自幕墙、整体幕墙、竖直延伸的幕墙、半幕墙、整体半幕墙、竖直延伸的半幕墙、平板立面和水平延伸的平板立面。所有这些术语在标准NF P28-001中定义。
根据本发明,表述“承重结构”优选理解为意指承载比它们本身重量更重的建筑的所有元件。作为可承重的元件的例子,可提及柱、剪力墙、地板、墙体。
根据本发明,表述“主框架”优选理解为意指由木材或金属或合成材料制成的所有立柱和横梁,所述立柱和横梁固定于建筑的承重结构上或地基上,并充当用于建筑的元件(如填充元件)的支撑。举例而言,可提及辅助构架。应注意,在某些特定的情况中,主框架可为承重结构,如在北美的情况那样(用英语说,在此情况中使用术语“承重构架”)。
根据本发明,表述“次框架”优选理解为意指由木材或金属或合成材料制成的所有立柱和横梁,所述立柱和横梁直接固定于主框架上或地基上,并充当用于结构、构架、填充物或覆盖层的支撑。
根据本发明,表述“接头构件”优选理解为意指可确保对水、水蒸气或空气的不渗透性的连续性的装置。
根据本发明,表述“耐空气传递且耐热和水传递”优选理解为意指具有热、水和/或空气传递的受控渗透性的材料或产品。
根据本发明,表述“水硬性粘结剂”优选理解为意指具有在水的存在下水合的性质的任何化合物,所述化合物的水合有可能获得具有机械特性的固体。根据本发明的水硬性粘结剂可特别地为基于硫酸钙的水硬性粘结剂。根据本发明的水硬性粘结剂优选为灰泥。
根据本发明,表述“基于硫酸钙的水硬性粘结剂”理解为意指基于硫酸钙的部分无水或完全无水的水硬性粘结剂。
根据本发明,如下术语优选如下理解:
-CaSO4·2(H2O)用于石膏或硫酸钙二水合物;
-CaSO4·0.5(H2O)用于硫酸钙半水合物或部分无水的硫酸钙;
-CaSO4用于无水硫酸钙或硫酸钙无水石膏(II型或III型)或完全无水的硫酸钙。
根据本发明,术语“灰泥”优选理解为意指CaSO4·0.5(H2O)形式以及在水合之后CaSO4·2(H2O)形式的硫酸钙(例如用于灰泥板)。
首先,本发明涉及一种建造领域中的耐空气传递,并且耐热和水传递的元件,其包括:
-基于水硬性粘结剂的面板,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得;
-框架;
-耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的接头构件;
所述元件不包括耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的任何膜。
根据本发明的元件为耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的元件,也就是说该元件具有对空气传递、蒸气或液体形式的水的传递的受控渗透性。
适用于根据本发明的元件基于水硬性粘结剂的面板可为水泥面板或灰泥面板,且该面板优选在预制工厂中进行预制。
适用于根据本发明的元件的水泥面板可基于波特兰水泥(其为根据标准EN197-1描述的水泥)、铝酸钙型的水泥、镁水泥或硫代铝酸盐水泥,以及它们的混合物。基于铝酸钙的水泥(例如氧化铝水泥或)根据本发明也是合适的,并且是根据标准NF EN14647的水泥。优选的镁水泥包含碳酸镁、氧化镁或硅酸镁,例如如美国专利No.4,838,941所述。根据本发明的优选的水泥为单独的或与如上所述的其他水泥(例如硫代铝酸盐水泥)的混合物的波特兰水泥。根据本发明特别合适的波特兰水泥为根据标准EN197-1描述的一种。水泥面板可通过多种方法,特别是通过不连续方法(例如模制、压制、过滤等)制得。由于掺入轻质填料而称为轻质的水泥面板也适用于根据本发明的元件。这些轻质填料通常衍生自天然岩石或人工岩石,或为衍生自石油产品的填料,例如聚苯乙烯珠。通过掺入纤维而增强的水泥面板也适用于根据本发明的元件。
适用于根据本发明的元件的灰泥面板可由灰泥主体组成,所述灰泥主体在工厂中在两个纸质片材之间浇注,所述两个纸质片材构成灰泥主体的饰面和增强件。通常,用以制造灰泥面板的纸箔中的一个具有可在灰色与棕色之间变化的暗色,因为其由未经历任何特定的提纯处理的纤维素纤维组成。通常,基于未漂白的化学纸浆和/或机械纸浆和/或热机械纸浆和/或半化学纸浆获得所述灰色纸张。机械纸浆通常理解为完全通过机械装置由各种原料获得的纸浆,所述各种原料基本上为木材,并可由衍生自木材的回收产品(如旧硬纸板、牛皮纸的边料和/或旧报纸)提供。热机械纸浆理解为通过原料的热处理以及之后的机械处理而获得的纸浆。半化学纸浆理解为通过借助化学处理去除包含于原料中的非纤维素组分的一部分而获得的纸浆,所述化学处理需要随后的机械处理以分散纤维。用以制造灰泥面板的其他纸质片材具有称为饰面的可见表面,所述可见表面通常具有比灰色片材更浅的颜色。
适用于根据本发明的元件的基于水硬性粘结剂的面板优选为具有石膏芯部的灰泥面板,所述石膏芯部的密度可随着相对于表面的距离而演变,所述灰泥面板例如具有包括纸浆中的发泡剂的低密度芯的层,该芯层夹在高密度表面层(致密层)之间。此类面板的一个例子为具有致密层的BA13型的常规灰泥板。
适用于根据本发明的元件的基于水硬性粘结剂的面板可包含抗真菌剂。
适用于根据本发明的元件的基于水硬性粘结剂的面板可包含防水剂。
适用于根据本发明的元件的水硬性粘结剂的面板包括至少一个饰面。在制造灰泥面板中所用的常规饰面特别合适,例如由纤维素纤维制成的饰面。可例如提及由纤维素纤维(纸张、再生纸)、合成纤维(聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯等)或无机纤维(由玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维等制成的饰面)制成的饰面。所述饰面可为织造的或非织造的。通常借助例如热敏或热熔树脂(如脲醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、添加或不添加尿素或聚乙酸乙烯酯树脂的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂)而将纤维结合在一起。同样地,可设想在纤维之间添加轻质填料。例如,根据本发明,由约翰斯曼维拉国际公司(Johns Manville international,Inc.)销售或由奥斯龙公司(Ahlstrom)销售的饰面是合适的。
根据一个变体,适用于根据本发明的元件的水硬性粘结剂的面板可在一个表面上完全或部分涂布反射红外辐射的镀金属塑料膜。通过镀金属塑料膜,可提及镀金属聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或镀金属聚酯。例如,救生毯可用于涂布适用于根据本发明的元件的水硬性粘结剂的面板的一侧。
根据另一变体,适用于根据本发明的元件的水硬性粘结剂的面板可在一个表面上完全或部分涂布塑料膜。
根据另一变体,适用于根据本发明的元件的水硬性粘结剂的面板可在一个表面上完全或部分涂布塑料膜。
适用于根据本发明的元件的水硬性粘结剂的面板完全或部分由聚合物膜涂布,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。在辐射作用下通过聚合获得的此类聚合物膜同样称为经光交联的聚合物或可交联成膜树脂或光敏树脂。
将单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物完全或部分施用至水硬性粘结剂的面板的饰面上。所述的单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物可基于如下前体:
-基于包含至少一个不饱和基团(如丙烯酸酯基、甲基丙烯酸酯基、烯丙基、环氧基和/或它们的混合物)的树脂(例如丙烯酸树脂、甲基丙烯酸树脂、聚酯树脂、氯化聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、聚酰胺树脂、硅树脂、聚醚树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚脲-氨基甲酸酯树脂和/或它们的混合物)的预聚物。在这些树脂中,包含丙烯酸酯基的树脂可通过胺的作用而部分改性。在这些树脂中,聚氨酯包含丙烯酸酯基,且根据本发明,特别优选包含丙烯酸酯基的环氧化物。
-包含至少一个反应性基团,例如不饱和基团的单体。通过反应性基团,可提及例如丙烯酸酯基、甲基丙烯酸酯基、烯丙基、乙烯基、环氧基和/或它们的混合物。在这些单体中,根据本发明可使用醇的丙烯酸酯(如丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOA))、二醇的丙烯酸酯(如二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DEG)、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)、双酚A二丙烯酸酯)或多元醇的丙烯酸酯(如三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸脂(TMP)、甘油三丙氧基三丙烯酸酯(GPTA)、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯)。根据本发明特别优选甲基戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(MPDDA)。
-光引发剂,例如苯甲酮的衍生物和叔胺或阳离子体系(如六氟锑酸三苯基锍)的混合物,或例如氧化酰基膦(如由汽巴公司(Ciba)销售的IrgacureTM819(BAPO)或DarocurTM TPO(单酰基膦(MAPO))、DarocureTM4265(MAP和α-羟基酮50/50的混合物)和α,β-二取代的α-羟基苯乙酮的混合物。根据本发明特别优选2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮(DarocureTM1173,由汽巴公司(Ciba)销售)和1-羟基环己基-苯基酮(IrgacureTM184,由汽巴公司(Ciba)销售)。
单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的根据本发明的优选组合物中的一个包含:
-环氧丙烯酸酯低聚物
-甲基戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(MPDDA)
-氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯低聚物
-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮或1-羟基-环己基-苯基酮。
单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物可包含1质量%至10质量%的光引发剂,优选2质量%至8质量%,更优选3质量%至6质量%。
单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物可通过借助任何类型的混合器简单混合其组分而制得。获得的混合物为稳定的,其可在环境温度且避免直射阳光下保持数月。
借助涂敷器辊、刷或喷雾器或使组合物的微细层能够沉积于饰面上的任何其他装置,将单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物完全或部分施用至面板的饰面上。该施用可在制造水硬性粘结剂的面板的过程中或之后进行。
所述的单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物可以以一个或多个层施用。沉积于饰面上的所述组合物的总厚度优选为5至100微米,更优选为10至60微米,还更优选为15至50微米。聚合可在层之间发生或不在层之间发生。根据本发明的一个优选变体,单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物不是以40微米的单个层施用,而是以20微米的两个层施用,且在两次施用之间进行聚合。
单体和/或反应性预聚物的聚合在辐射作用下,优选在波的作用下发生,所述波的波长位于紫外可见光谱中,或者所述波的波长甚至更短。同样可设想聚合在红外辐射的作用下发生。辐射导致通过缩合反应或聚合物前体的加成而聚合,特别地,辐射导致聚合物前体的交联。同样可设想聚合在电子束的作用下发生。在此情况中,单体和/或未聚合的反应性预聚物的组合物不包含光引发剂,因为电子束的能量足以产生聚合所需的自由基。
聚合物膜优选在紫外辐射的作用下通过聚合获得。紫外线(UV)有可能激发或分解光引发剂,并引起自由基或离子的形成,这导致预聚物与单体的聚合。
聚合可以以5米/分钟至30米/分钟的在UV灯下的通过速率进行。由单体/反应性预聚物的组合物(如果需要,一次或多次)所接收的能量的总剂量优选为300至1200mJ/cm2。
聚合可在惰性气体(如氮气)的存在下进行,从而有可能降低组合物中光引发剂的量,并同样硬化聚合物膜的表面。
聚合导致聚合物膜的形成。该聚合物膜优选为连续的。根据第一变体,该聚合物膜仅位于水硬性粘结剂的面板的一侧上。根据第二变体,水硬性粘结剂的2侧完全或部分由聚合物膜涂布。
特别地,水硬性粘结剂的面板的一侧完全由聚合物膜涂布。
根据本发明的另一变体,有可能在水硬性粘结剂的面板的饰面上施用两个或更多个聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜的一个在另一个的顶部上。因此,改进了水硬性粘结剂的面板的性能。
聚合物膜也可包含抗真菌剂、着色剂、颜料、有可能改进密封剂或油漆或能够沉积于水硬性粘结剂的面板上的任何其他表面施用的粘附力的试剂或矿物填料(例如二氧化硅、碳酸钙、二氧化钛、碳酸镁、硫酸钙、氧化镁、氢氧化钙或粉末状固体)。
建造领域中的耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的根据本发明的元件包括至少一个框架。所述框架可为次要的或主要的。该框架可由金属、纤维水泥、木材、复合材料或合成金属制成。该框架可为金属结构、立柱或轨道。
根据本发明的元件的接头构件可在高的部分、低的部分或在侧向接头,且其确保由立面实现的性能的连续性。即使当经受建筑物的已知应力时,也应该确保该连续性,从而使元件的可预测的不同行为成为可能,并考虑这些不同的元件的制造和安装公差。该接头构件有可能保证根据本发明的元件的最大密封。
该接头构件可选自耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的接头涂料、胶泥(参见例如NF DTU44.1)、沥青涂料或自粘带。
在接头涂料的情况中,所述接头涂料可包含至少矿物填料、水、疏水剂、抗真菌剂和/或聚合物。疏水剂可例如为有机硅的衍生物。该试剂特别地能够更好地抵抗水蒸气的损害。接头涂料也可包含分散于水相的有机粘结剂,例如聚乙酸乙烯酯和/或丙烯酸酯。该粘结剂有可能提供涂料足够的挠性以耐机械应力,并同时提供粘附力以获得在整个表面上的良好粘附。此外,涂料的组成包括加工试剂,特别是保水剂和增稠剂,例如甲基羟基乙基纤维素。
可使用根据本发明的元件以制备轻质立面、天花板、内衬、绝缘系统或墙体,例如分户墙、隔断墙或对立墙(une contre-cloison)。
可使用根据本发明的元件以制备轻质立面。在框架的该情况中,面板和接头构件彼此结合。例如当组装具有接头涂料的涂布由硬纸板制成的饰面的灰泥面板时,进行这种过程以生产将外部与内部分离的建筑物的外壳,特别是在非承重框架或承重轻质结构上的轻质立面。
常见的建造技术是将灰泥面板固定于金属框架,所述金属框架包括例如固定至地基和竖直立柱的水平轨道。建造墙体的该技术相对简单和便宜。
本发明涉及耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的元件用以制备轻质立面的用途,所述轻质立面包括至少:
-基于水硬性粘结剂的面板,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下聚合;
-框架;
-不透空气传递且不透热和水传递的接头构件;
所述元件不包括不透空气传递且不透热和水传递的任何膜。
本发明也涉及一种包括至少一个建造领域中的耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的元件的轻质立面,其包括:
-基于水硬性粘结剂的面板,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得;
-框架;
-耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的接头;
所述元件不包括耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的任何膜。
本发明也涉及基于水硬性粘结剂的面板的用途,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有作为隔汽层的聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。
本发明也涉及基于水硬性粘结剂的面板的用途,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有作为隔雨层的聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。
本发明也涉及基于水硬性粘结剂的面板的用途,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有作为隔风层的聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。
如下实施例说明了本发明而不限制本发明的范围。
实例
1–具有在UV作用下通过聚合而获得的聚合物膜的基于水硬性粘结剂
的面板的一个实施例的描述;
已使用如下化合物以制备在根据本发明的元件中使用的基于水硬性粘结剂的面板:
商标名称 | 化学名称 |
PhotomerTM*6010 | 氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯低聚物 |
PhotomerTM*4071F | 甲基戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(MPDDA) |
PhotomerTM*3016F | 环氧丙烯酸酯低聚物 |
DarocurTM*1173 | 2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮 |
IrgacureTM*184 | 1-羟基-环己基-苯基酮 |
*PhotomersTM由IGM树脂公司(IGM Resins)销售。DarocurTM和IrgacureTM由汽巴公司(Ciba)销售。
配方的组成(质量%)
配方* | A | B | C | D. | E: | F. |
PhotomerTM6010 | 70 | 70 | - | - | ||
PhotomerTM6891 | - | - | 85 | 70 | 60 | 74 |
PhotomerTM4071 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 23 | 21 |
PhotomerTM3016 | - | 15 | - | 15 | 12 | - |
PhotomerTM1173 | 5 | - | - | - | ||
IrgacureTM*184 | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
*以质量%计
将所选式的化合物进料至混合器中,然后在环境温度下搅拌直至获得均匀混合物。混合物为稳定的,并可在环境温度下避免直射阳光保持数月。借助涂敷器辊将该混合物施用至BA13型的标准灰泥面板的饰面,然后使其在UV辐射的作用下聚合。UV有可能分解光引发剂,这导致丙烯酸官能团的聚合。
聚合以5米/分钟至30米/分钟的在UV灯下的通过速率进行,接收的能量剂量足以获得可能的最完全的聚合,并避免对聚合物膜的表面的任何粘附影响。
2–通过将面板暴露于UV和湿气来测试老化:
进行如下的老化测试:在Q-UV单元(如在标准ISO-11507中所用)中暴露于UV和湿气,或者在外部暴露于恶劣天气数月并在每天浇水2小时下暴露于日光。该老化测试显示出式A至F的极好耐性。特别地,在4个月的暴露之后,式D未显示任何可见的变化。
相比于式A至D的约4000mPa.s的测得粘度,式E和F的粘性较低,其具有大约1700mPa.s(Brookfield LVT)的测得粘度。在通过暴露于UV辐射而聚合之后,式E和F提供比式A至D的聚合物膜更挠性的聚合物膜。施用式F的第一层,之后使所述第一层聚合,然后施用式D或E的第二层,之后使所述第二层聚合,这有可能获得挠性且极具耐性的聚合物膜。
分别以25微米和19微米(总厚度=44微米)的两个连续的层施用式D。在每一层在标称功率为80瓦/cm的汞蒸气UV灯下通过之后进行聚合。在灯前方的通过速率为7米/分钟,每次通过由式接收的实际剂量为524mJ/cm2。将涂布有聚合物膜的样品暴露于室外条件下的恶劣天气,且每天强制浇水2小时。通过借助Cobb测试测量水吸收来评价聚合物膜的性能和耐性。
*对照样品在105天之后被暴露条件所破坏,且在105天时不可能进行测量。
Claims (11)
1.建造领域中的耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的元件,其包括:
-基于水硬性粘结剂的面板,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得;
-框架;
-耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的接头构件;
所述元件不包括耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的任何膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的元件,其特征在于,所述基于水硬性粘结剂的面板为水泥面板或灰泥面板。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的元件,其特征在于,所述聚合物膜在紫外辐射的作用下通过聚合获得。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的元件,其特征在于,所述框架由金属、纤维水泥、木材、复合材料或合成材料制成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的元件,其特征在于,所述接头构件为耐空气传递且耐热和水传递的接头涂料、胶泥、沥青涂料或自粘带。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的元件,其特征在于,所述接头构件为包含至少矿物填料、水、疏水剂、抗真菌剂和/或聚合物的接头涂料。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的元件,其用以制备轻质立面、天花板、内衬、绝缘系统或墙体,例如分户墙、隔断墙或对立墙。
8.包括至少一个根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的元件的轻质立面。
9.基于水硬性粘结剂的面板的用途,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有作为隔汽层的聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。
10.基于水硬性粘结剂的面板的用途,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有作为隔雨层的聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。
11.基于水硬性粘结剂的面板的用途,所述面板的表面的全部或部分涂布有作为隔风层的聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜在辐射作用下通过聚合获得。
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PCT/FR2011/050357 WO2012127126A1 (fr) | 2011-02-21 | 2011-02-21 | Element resistant a des transferts d'air et des transferts thermohydriques pour le domaine de la construction, notamment des murs légers ou des façades légères |
PCT/FR2012/050352 WO2012114028A1 (fr) | 2011-02-21 | 2012-02-17 | Element resistant a des transferts d'air et des transferts thermohydriques pour le domaine de la construction, notamment des murs legers ou des façades legeres |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20140050578A (ko) | 2014-04-29 |
WO2012127126A1 (fr) | 2012-09-27 |
UA109808C2 (ru) | 2015-10-12 |
CO6801694A2 (es) | 2013-11-29 |
BR112013021230A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
US20130318901A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
PE20141713A1 (es) | 2014-11-25 |
MX2013009616A (es) | 2014-01-17 |
RU2565309C2 (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
EP2678487A1 (fr) | 2014-01-01 |
RU2013142585A (ru) | 2015-03-27 |
CL2013002367A1 (es) | 2014-04-11 |
WO2012114028A1 (fr) | 2012-08-30 |
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