CN103639657A - Method for hydraulic processing and welding forming of vehicle front column structure - Google Patents
Method for hydraulic processing and welding forming of vehicle front column structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN103639657A CN103639657A CN201310612885.6A CN201310612885A CN103639657A CN 103639657 A CN103639657 A CN 103639657A CN 201310612885 A CN201310612885 A CN 201310612885A CN 103639657 A CN103639657 A CN 103639657A
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- vehicle front
- aluminium alloy
- hollow tubular
- tubular structure
- hydraulic pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for hydraulic processing and welding forming of a vehicle front column structure. The vehicle front column structure is formed by an aluminum alloy outer plate, a sealed asymmetrical hollow tubular structure and an aluminum alloy connecting plate. The sealed asymmetrical hollow tubular structure is formed by aluminum alloy pipe blank by hydraulic processing, a first end of the aluminum alloy outer plate is connected with one end face of the asymmetrical hollow tubular structure by laser welding, and a second end of the aluminum alloy outer plate is connected with a first end of the aluminum alloy connecting plate by spot welding, and a second end of the aluminum alloy connecting plate is connected with another end face of the sealed asymmetrical hollow tubular structure by laser welding. Under the conditions that the strength requirements are met, the vehicle front column structure prepared through the hydraulic processing and welding process can reduce column cross sectional area, obstacle angles are reduced, and driver's view is improved; the material utilization amount is also reduced simultaneously, and mechanical performance of vehicles is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automotive body structure part, in particular, the present invention relates to a kind of hydraulic pressure processing and welding shaping method of vehicle front post structure.
Background technology
As shown in Figure 1, automotive front pillar of the prior art is comprised of outside plate 10, stiffener 20,30 3 punching press plates of inner panel.At vehicle front, bump, especially during offset collision, described front pillar bearing load can produce significantly distortion.In order to prevent to be significantly out of shape, common solution is increasing section, increases the mechanical performance that the methods such as inner reinforcement, raising material wall thickness improve and strengthen described front pillar.But adopt above-mentioned solution can make front pillar obstacle angle larger, affect driver's visual range, and increase tare and material cost.Be configured to vehicle, for example the tubular articles of automobile is known.This tubular articles is conventionally formed by the extruding of aluminium or magnesium and has a constant wall thickness.Yet, wish to obtain once in a while and there is the tubular articles that strengthens rigidity, wherein the rigidity away from the end of tubular articles increases.
Research shows: alleviates quality and is not only conducive to reduce costs, improve mechanics of vehicles performance, but also be conducive to save the energy, and for car, every weight reduction 10%, oil consumption can reduce by 8～10%; For this reason, applicant shows by the research in early stage, uses the tubular structure of hollow to substitute rigidity and the intensity that described stiffener is conducive to improve front post structure.For symmetrical hollow pipe fitting, in order to reduce allowance, the general forging that adopt are made blank more.By the rough turn method that adds boring of multi-pass, complete roughing, but this method has many drawbacks, as large in machining amount, stock utilization is low, and metal streamline is cut causes internal stress excessive, and production efficiency is low; Labour intensity is large in addition, to operating experience, requires high.From forging to roughing, finish, very high to the requirement of equipment, need the multiple main equipments such as forcing press, profile lathing, depth drill, special hot treatment facility, in the middle of this is invisible, increased manufacturing cost.The processing that utilizes Hydroform process to carry out symmetrical hollow pipe fitting can overcome the above problems.Adopting pipe is the raw material symmetrical hollow parts that is shaped, by tubing inside, applying fluid pressure and axial afterburning feed supplement is pressed into mold cavity pipe and makes it be configured as required workpiece, be applicable to manufacture along the vicissitudinous circle of member axis, square-section or profiled-cross-section hollow unit, can be shaped along the vicissitudinous complex structural member in member axis cross section by Integratively, greatly improved stock utilization, loss of weight remarkable benefit, process does not exist forging defect and machine to add the thermal stress producing in process, does not destroy the streamline of metal; Process once completes, and has reduced to a great extent cost, has improved production efficiency.Yet the tubular structure of described hollow is unsymmetric structure in this application; Hydraulic pressure process application is waited in the application, need to solve distortion inhomogeneous, and rigidity and/or impact resistance is structural need to meet design object after expanding.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hydraulic pressure processing and welding shaping method of vehicle front post structure.Adopt vehicle front post structure that hydraulic pressure of the present invention processing and welding procedure prepare meeting under strength demand condition, can reduce post cross-sectional area, dwindle obstacle angle, improve driver's seat; Also reduced material usage, improved the mechanical performance of vehicle simultaneously.
Hydraulic pressure processing and the welding shaping method of vehicle front post structure of the present invention, described vehicle front post structure consists of asymmetric hollow tubular structure and the aluminium alloy connecting plate of aluminium alloy outside plate, sealing; It is characterized in that: the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing passes through hydraulic pressure machine-shaping by aluminium-alloy pipe blank; The first end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with an end face of described asymmetric hollow tubular structure by laser weld; The second end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with the first end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate by spot welding; The second end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate is connected with another end face of the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing by laser weld.
Wherein, described hydraulic pressure machine-shaping comprises following processing step: (1) prepares to have the mould of preset shape, and aluminium-alloy pipe blank is put in described mould; (2) close die, the drift at aluminium-alloy pipe blank two ends is feeding relatively simultaneously, and the two ends of aluminium-alloy pipe blank are sealed; Then to aluminium-alloy pipe blank inside, apply fluid pressure and carry out bulging, pressure is 90-100MPa, after bulging completes, improves pressure to 120MPa, pressurize 5～8 minutes; (3) shift out the drift at aluminium-alloy pipe blank two ends, carry out release, when pressure decreased is following to 10MPa, open mould, take out the test specimen after being shaped, obtain the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing.
Compared with prior art, the vehicle front post structure that adopts hydraulic pressure processing of the present invention and welding procedure to prepare has following beneficial effect: (1) is because asymmetric hollow tubular structure is closed cross-section shape, and number of welds significantly reduces, rigidity, the fatigue strength of part increase substantially; (2) can, under the prerequisite requiring with equal section intensity and rigidity with original structure, 30% section be dwindled; (3) realize the miniaturization of section, before driver's seat, tiltedly the dysopia angle of the front pillar of side part diminishes, and significantly improves visibility, improves security performance; (4), as collision countermeasure, the distortion when realizing high efficiency section and effectively having prevented collision, has protected occupant, has improved security.(5) because section is hollow shape, can realize the material thinner than traditional structure thick, the miniaturization of whole section makes loss of weight become possibility with expecting thick reduction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of automotive front pillar structure and A-A cross section thereof in prior art.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of vehicle front post structure described in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is that the hydraulic pressure of asymmetric hollow tubular structure shapes schematic diagram described in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the obstacle angle comparison diagram of automotive front pillar structure described in prior art and embodiment 1.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 2, the automotive front pillar structure described in the present embodiment consists of asymmetric hollow tubular structure 50 and the connecting plate 60 of outside plate 40, sealing; The asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing passes through hydraulic pressure machine-shaping by aluminium-alloy pipe blank; The first end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with an end face of described asymmetric hollow tubular structure by laser weld; The second end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with the first end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate by spot welding; The second end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate is connected with another end face of the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing by laser weld.
As shown in Figure 3, described hydraulic pressure machine-shaping comprises following processing step: (1) prepares to have the mould of preset shape, and aluminium-alloy pipe blank is put in described mould; (2) close die, the drift at aluminium-alloy pipe blank two ends is feeding relatively simultaneously, and the two ends of aluminium-alloy pipe blank are sealed; Then to aluminium-alloy pipe blank inside, apply fluid pressure and carry out bulging, pressure is 90-100MPa, after bulging completes, improves pressure to 120MPa, pressurize 5～8 minutes; (3) shift out the drift at aluminium-alloy pipe blank two ends, carry out release, when pressure decreased is following to 10MPa, open mould, take out the test specimen after being shaped, obtain the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing.And according to the shape of cross section of mould, can make the shape of required complexity, the structure after moulding serves as post inner panel again as the hollow asymmetric hollow tubular structure of strengthening.As shown in Figure 4, automotive front pillar structure of the present invention compared with prior art, can have less obstacle angle.
Aluminum alloy materials of the present invention not only will have high intensity, and need to have excellent percentage elongation, and good welding performance.The aluminium alloy that the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described aluminium alloy outside plate, sealing and aluminium alloy connecting plate adopt has identical composition.Described aluminum alloy materials, the Mn of the Fe of the Zn of the element that it contains following mass percent: 3.2～3.5wt%, the Cu of 1.5～1.8wt%, 0.8～1.0wt%, the Mg of 0.55～0.60wt%, 0.32～0.40wt%, the Si of 0.18～0.23wt%, 0.032～0.050 Ni, the V of 0.012～0.018wt%, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.On the basis of the content of aluminum alloy materials of the present invention by controlling main alloying element Cu and Mg in suitable content range, by adding appropriate trace alloying element Ni and V, guaranteed that described aluminum alloy materials had both had enough intensity, there is again good percentage elongation.
Wherein, the preparation method of aluminum alloy plate materials is as follows: first by other element except Ni and V, according to proportioning shove charge melting, temperature is 715～735 ℃, and the time is 2.5～3.0h; Press component proportion, add micro-Ni and V, and be cast into ingot casting after stirring refining 0.5h in smelting furnace, cast temperature is 690～710 ℃; Ingot casting is warmed up to 510～540 ℃ of insulation 90min with the rate of heat addition of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min, then cools to 410～425 ℃ and be incubated 10h with the cooldown rate of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min, then carry out hot rolling; Hot rolled plate is cold rolled to and needs thickness, described cold-reduced sheet is warmed up to 350～380 ℃ of insulation 2h with the rate of heat addition of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min and anneals, then be cold rolled to the thickness needing, obtain aluminum alloy plate materials; The tensile strength of aluminum alloy plate materials of the present invention can reach 350～380MPa, and percentage elongation can reach 38～45%.Then aluminum alloy plate materials is processed into aluminium alloy outside plate and aluminium alloy connecting plate.
Wherein, the preparation method of aluminum-alloy tubes is as follows: first by other element except Ni and V, according to proportioning shove charge melting, temperature is 715～735 ℃, and the time is 2.5～3.0h; Press component proportion, in smelting furnace, add micro-Ni and V, and be cast into tubulose ingot casting after stirring refining 0.5h, cast temperature is 690～710 ℃; Ingot casting is warmed up to 455～470 ℃ of insulations 6～8 hours with the rate of heat addition of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min, anneals.
The first end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with an end face of described asymmetric hollow tubular structure by laser weld; The second end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with the first end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate by spot welding; The second end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate is connected with another end face of the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing by laser weld.Described spot welding adopts prior art common process, does not repeat them here.When laser weld, capacity usage ratio when improving laser weld, and in order to increase welding penetration, and improve welding effect, when laser weld, can first to aluminum alloy surface, carry out activation processing, then described aluminium alloy outside plate and aluminium alloy connecting plate and described asymmetric hollow tubular structure be carried out to laser weld: adopt CO
2the welding of continuous laser penetration, continuous laser power is that 2500W, sweep speed are 150cm/min, surface focuses on; Described activator is the mixture of sodium fluoride, hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid and Triammonium citrate, and their mass ratio is 2:1:2; During use, described activator added to water mixing furnishing pasty state inorganic agent and be coated on surface to be welded, and coating thickness is 0.5mm.Adopt above-mentioned laser welding process, the fusion penetration of welding surpasses 0.4mm, has guaranteed good welding performance, and there is no abnormal weldpool, splash, crackle produces.And if adopt conventional fluoride and chloride activator, use CO
2laser welding process can not form good welding performance.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention can meet visuality, crashworthiness and the light-weighted strict demand of vehicle front pillar portion.Framework material adopts hydraulic pressure processing can realize various complexity, the shaping of high-precision shape, can more freely select than traditional structure shape and the type of reinforcement material.According to the part counting analysis to having applied, adopting identical aluminum alloy materials, and under the identical condition of overall construction intensity, shaped by fluid pressure part on average reduces by 15%～20% than stamping parts cost, die cost reduces by 20%～30%.
For the ordinary skill in the art; specific embodiment is just exemplarily described the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings; obviously specific implementation of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as adopted the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention design and technical scheme carry out; or without improving, design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure is processed and a welding shaping method, and described vehicle front post structure consists of asymmetric hollow tubular structure and the aluminium alloy connecting plate of aluminium alloy outside plate, sealing; It is characterized in that: the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing passes through hydraulic pressure machine-shaping by aluminium-alloy pipe blank; The first end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with an end face of described asymmetric hollow tubular structure by laser weld; The second end of described aluminium alloy outside plate is connected with the first end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate by spot welding; The second end of described aluminium alloy connecting plate is connected with another end face of the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing by laser weld.
2. the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure according to claim 1 is processed and welding shaping method, it is characterized in that: described hydraulic pressure machine-shaping comprises following processing step: (1) prepares to have the mould of preset shape, and aluminium-alloy pipe blank is put in described mould; (2) close die, the drift at aluminium-alloy pipe blank two ends is feeding relatively simultaneously, and the two ends of aluminium-alloy pipe blank are sealed; Then to aluminium-alloy pipe blank inside, apply fluid pressure and carry out bulging, pressure is 90-100MPa, after bulging completes, improves pressure to 120MPa, pressurize 5～8 minutes; (3) shift out the drift at aluminium-alloy pipe blank two ends, carry out release, when pressure decreased is following to 10MPa, open mould, take out the test specimen after being shaped, obtain the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described sealing.
3. the processing of the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure according to claim 2 and welding shaping method, is characterized in that: the aluminium alloy that the asymmetric hollow tubular structure of described aluminium alloy outside plate, sealing and aluminium alloy connecting plate adopt has identical composition.
4. the processing of the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure according to claim 3 and welding shaping method, is characterized in that: described aluminium alloy outside plate and aluminium alloy connecting plate are processed to form by aluminum alloy plate materials.
5. the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure according to claim 4 is processed and welding shaping method, it is characterized in that: described aluminium alloy, the Mn of the Fe of the Zn of the element that it contains following mass percent: 3.2～3.5wt%, the Cu of 1.5～1.8wt%, 0.8～1.0wt%, the Mg of 0.55～0.60wt%, 0.32～0.40wt%, the Si of 0.18～0.23wt%, 0.032～0.050 Ni, the V of 0.012～0.018wt%, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
6. the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure according to claim 5 is processed and welding shaping method, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of aluminum alloy plate materials is as follows: first by other element except Ni and V, according to proportioning shove charge melting, temperature is 715～735 ℃, and the time is 2.5～3.0h; Press component proportion, add micro-Ni and V, and be cast into ingot casting after stirring refining 0.5h in smelting furnace, cast temperature is 690～710 ℃; Ingot casting is warmed up to 510～540 ℃ of insulation 90min with the rate of heat addition of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min, then cools to 410～425 ℃ and be incubated 10h with the cooldown rate of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min, then carry out hot rolling; Hot rolled plate is cold rolled to and needs thickness, described cold-reduced sheet is warmed up to 350～380 ℃ of insulation 2h with the rate of heat addition of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min and anneals, then be cold rolled to the thickness needing, obtain aluminum alloy plate materials.
7. the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure according to claim 5 is processed and welding shaping method, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of aluminum-alloy tubes is as follows: first by other element except Ni and V, according to proportioning shove charge melting, temperature is 715～735 ℃, and the time is 2.5～3.0h; Press component proportion, in smelting furnace, add micro-Ni and V, and be cast into tubulose ingot casting after stirring refining 0.5h, cast temperature is 690～710 ℃; Ingot casting is warmed up to 455～470 ℃ of insulations 6～8 hours with the rate of heat addition of 0.5～1.0 ℃/min, anneals.
8. the hydraulic pressure of vehicle front post structure according to claim 7 is processed and welding shaping method, it is characterized in that: when laser weld, first asymmetric hollow tubular structure is carried out to activation processing, then described aluminium alloy outside plate and aluminium alloy connecting plate and described asymmetric hollow tubular structure are carried out to laser weld: adopt CO
2the welding of continuous laser penetration, continuous laser power is 2500W, and sweep speed is 150cm/min, and surface focuses on.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107458468A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-12 | 苏州紫荆清远新能源汽车技术有限公司 | A kind of body structure, automobile and body structure processing method |
| CN107512315A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | The pillar construction of automobile |
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| CN107512315A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | The pillar construction of automobile |
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