CN101579818B - Manufacturing method for aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size - Google Patents

Manufacturing method for aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size Download PDF

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CN101579818B
CN101579818B CN2009101040626A CN200910104062A CN101579818B CN 101579818 B CN101579818 B CN 101579818B CN 2009101040626 A CN2009101040626 A CN 2009101040626A CN 200910104062 A CN200910104062 A CN 200910104062A CN 101579818 B CN101579818 B CN 101579818B
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aluminium alloy
welding
inert gas
alloy
spoke
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CN101579818A (en
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马鸣图
路洪洲
游江海
路贵民
杨传增
毕祥玉
李志刚
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Abstract

A manufacturing method for an aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size relates to the mechanical manufacturing method. The semi-solid state thixocasting is used for extruding an alloy automobile spoke with the designed shape and diameter, high mechanical property and fatigue performance on a large scale extruder; aluminium alloy plank stuff is rolled and spun to be a wheelfelloe with the definite shape and diameter; after precision work and amendment, the spoke and the wheel felloe are welded together by inert-gas arc welding or laser-inert-gas arc welding to form a w hole body and superficially processed. The aluminium alloy automobile hub has the advantages of light weight, high mechanical property and fatigue performance and the like, can replace a steeliness welding cartwheel used by a commercial vehicle for the moment and a low-pressure casting aluminium alloy cartwheel used by a passenger car, simultaneously increases the fuel economical efficiency and structural strength, is suitable for the cartwheel manufacture of all automobiles and motorcycles and especially suitable for large scale light car wheels and custom car wheels.

Description

The manufacture method of aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical manufacturing method, especially a kind of high structural strength, high fatigue property and convenience, the economic manufacture method of commercial car aluminum alloy wheel hub more than 20 inches that can be used as that inner tube-free wheel uses.
Background technology
Along with developing of automobile industry, the output of automobile increases and recoverable amount increases, when driving economic development and bringing convenience to people's trip, discharging, fuel oil energy resource consumption and safety three big problems have also been produced, especially motor vehicle exhaust emission, the increase of greenhouse gases brings very big difficulty to China to the promise of the Kyoto Protocol.Countries in the world government all attaches great importance to the energy-saving and emission-reduction and the safety problem of automobile, and has worked out relevant rules, with reduction vehicle fuel consume and discharging, and the security that improves automobile, as the fuel consume method, Abgasgesetz and collision safety rules etc.The a series of every loss of weight 10% of automobile that experiment showed,, oil consumption decline 6-8%, discharging reduces 4-6%, and 1 liter of oil consumption of every minimizing can make CO 2Discharging reduces 2-2.5kg, and visible automobile lightweight is the important of energy-saving and emission-reduction and effective means.But lightweight can not influence automotive safety, has only all kinds of lightweights of rational employing, high-strength material could guarantee the automobile loss of weight and can not influence its safety.The proportion of aluminium alloy is about 2.7g/cm 3, be about 30% of iron and steel, using aluminium alloy is important weight losing method; Therefore, the application of aluminium alloy on automobile in recent years increases sharply, and according to the report that European aluminium is assisted, the aluminium alloy of every application 1kg can make the car life cycle reduce discharging CO 222kg widely applies aluminium alloy castings on the engine of automobile, all aluminium alloy engine occurred, and Alcoa Inc has developed full aluminium car Audi A8 especially.
The important spare part that aluminium alloy is used on automobile is an aluminium alloy automobile hub, substantially all be to use the Birmasil wheel hub on the passenger car at present, but China such as heavily blocks at the steel wheel that commercial car, motorbus still use weld seam, and this kind wheel poor radiation, quality is heavy, structural strength is low, need to use the inner tube of a tyre increase the rate of blowing out.Because global petroleum-based energy consumption in recent years is big, oil price rises violently, and energy-saving and emission-reduction, raising comprehensive vehicle performance have been country and each car load manufacturer problem demanding prompt solution.To there be the steel wheel of weld seam to replace with the fuel economy that large-sized aluminum alloy wheel hub can improve automobile greatly, and can improves the ride comfort and the skidding performance of automobile.But Birmasil wheel hub intensity is low at present, is difficult to satisfy the commercial car instructions for use.The reflectal wheel hub of exploitations such as U.S. Alcoa Inc can satisfy the instructions for use of commercial car, but its manufacturing cost height, be the steel wheel that uses of present China commercial car 5-7 doubly, be difficult to high volume applications.Thereby heavily the aluminium alloy wheel hub of uses such as commercial car, motorbus such as card must satisfy the requirement of high strength, high fatigue property, low cost etc., just might use in batches.
The metallographic structure that semi-solid aluminium alloy is made member is an equiaxed grain structure, crystal grain is tiny to be evenly distributed, avoided shrinkage cavity and loose generation dramatically, thereby semi-solid aluminium alloy makes member high fatigue life and structural behaviour are arranged, can reach the performance level of forged article.Making automotive hub with semi-solid aluminium alloy is the mode that comparatively effectively improves performance, but whole semi-solid aluminium alloy die forging automotive hub or semi-solid casting aluminium alloy wheel hub need large-sized semi solid slurry strand, and the control that is shaped is complicated and need large-scale production equipment, thereby cost is still higher relatively.
Number of patent application 02156716.6, on June 23rd, 2004 is open, publication number is CN1506177a, disclose " a kind of seamless aluminium wheel rim forming method ", and number of patent application is open on September 6th, 200610050140.5,2006, publication number is CN1827289a, disclose " a kind of reflectal wheel is forged and revolved forming technology ", but both costs are all higher, its market competitiveness is less.And volume weldering aluminium alloy rim cost is lower, and technology is ripe, and the market competitiveness is better.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to select for use a kind of new manufacturing process, make a kind of automobile high-performance aluminium alloy wheel, wheel spoke adopts the semi-solid aluminium alloy extruding to make, wheel rim adopts aluminium alloy roll extrusion or mould pressing, again with the semi-solid aluminium alloy spoke with roll spin and be pressed into the shape wheel rim and be welded into integral automobile wheel.
Mostly occurred in spoke part because automotive wheel loses efficacy, obviously semi-solid aluminium alloy is made automotive wheel and can be increased substantially combination properties such as wheel shock resistance and fatigue behaviour; In order to reduce industrialization difficulty and cost, adopting semi-solid aluminium alloy to make wheels, spoke welds together with roll extrusion volume weldering wheel rim is comparatively rational process choice.
The technical scheme that purpose of the present invention adopted is that the manufacture method step is as follows:
A, with behind the aluminum alloy melting, adding mass fraction with respect to aluminium alloy is the boron titanium alloy or the SiB of 0.3%-2.0% scope 2Deng the fining agent crystal grain thinning, and in static stove, be cooled to after the refining in the above 10-18 of the liquidus temperature-liquidus temperature ℃ scope of alloy, be incubated 20-30 minute, on semicontinuous casting machine through once the cooling and the secondary cooling casting go out
Figure G2009101040626D00021
The aluminium alloy cylinder strand of diameter, its casting speed is 100-200mm/min, cooling water flow 0.05-0.1m 3/ min; Subsequently will
Figure G2009101040626D00031
The aluminium alloy cylinder strand of diameter heats through main frequency furnace, heating-up temperature is the following 20-30 of liquidus temperature ℃ of scope insulation 20 minutes, its solid rate reaches 55-70%, on the hydraulic press of 1500-3000 ton, squeeze out the aluminium alloy spoke of different design shape and large scale diameter again by solid-state thixotroping extrusion casint, wherein pressing room temperature is 200-350 ℃, and the time of staying is 10 seconds;
B, with certain size, 3.5-14cm the aluminum alloy plate materials of thickness of slab is cylinder by the rotary machine volume, carry out the inert gas-shielded arc welding welding at seam crossing, its technological parameter is: gage of wire is 0.8mm-2.0mm, welding current is 240-290A, arc voltage 26-28V, inert gas flow 23-31L/min, carry out roll extrusion or mould pressing at roller press or spinning machine, crimping is carried out at both ends, carry out suitably outer heat during roll extrusion, its technological parameter is: heating-up temperature is 345-480 ℃, thickness thinning rate is 50-80%, speed of mainshaft 300-480 rev/min, the revolution feed rate is that 0.5-2.0mm/ changes, and produces aluminium alloy wheel rim;
C, wheel rim and spoke are after fine finishining; adopt inert gas-shielded arc welding welding or laser-inert gas-shielded arc welding compound welded together both, form an integral automobile wheel hub, the aluminum-alloy wheel treatment process carries out surface treatment and reinforcement routinely again; adopt the semi-automatic welding of MIG dc reverse connection, its technological parameter is: gage of wire is 2.0mm, and welding current is 240-290A; arc voltage 26-28V; inert gas flow 23-31L/min, face bonding 1-3 layer, reverse side weldering one deck.
By automobile semi-solid aluminium alloy of the present invention-spinning wheel hub, fatigue strength and structural strength height, the spoke of employing semi-solid aluminium alloy manufacturing can improve the fatigue behaviour and the structural strength of wheel significantly, adopt plectane circle integral body to be spun into seamless wheel rim and can use tubeless tyre, reduce the rate of blowing out greatly, utilize semi-solid-state shaping to reduce die cost, improved yield rate, and adopt roll extrusion volume weldering wheel rim cost low, the made wheel market competitiveness is strong.The present invention promotes the application of aluminium alloy in the automobile lightweight, can effectively improve the fuel economy and the automobile ride of automobile.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.The alloying component mass percent (%) of 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials that adopt among the embodiment is:
Figure G2009101040626D00032
After 6061 aluminium alloys were put into main frequency furnace fusing, adding mass fraction with respect to aluminium alloy was 0.5% SiB 2As the fining agent crystal grain thinning, and in static stove, be cooled to after the refining in the liquidus temperature-670 ℃ scope of alloy, be incubated 30 minutes, on semicontinuous casting machine through once the cooling and the secondary cooling casting go out
Figure G2009101040626D00041
The aluminium alloy cylinder strand of diameter, its casting speed is 125mm/min, cooling water flow 0.05-0.75m 3/ min.Subsequently will
Figure G2009101040626D00042
The aluminium alloy cylinder strand of diameter heats through the power frequency rate, heating-up temperature is 618 ℃ of insulations 20 minutes, its solid rate reaches 65-70%, on 2500 tons hydraulic press, squeeze out the aluminium alloy spoke of design shape and size again by solid-state thixotroping extrusion casint, wherein pressing room temperature is 350 ℃, the time of staying is the demoulding after 10 seconds, and the moulding of semisolid wheel rim is finished in cooling back machined; 6022 aluminum alloy hot rolling plates of 12cm thickness of slab are clipped to certain size, blanking sheet material is cylinder by the rotary machine volume, carry out argon shield weldering welding at seam crossing, welding parameter is that gage of wire is 1.0mm, welding current is 240A, arc voltage 26V, argon flow amount 23L/min, and then both ends are carried out crimping, and carrying out external heat during roll extrusion, its technological parameter is: heating-up temperature is 480 ℃, thickness thinning rate is 60%, 400 rev/mins of the speeds of mainshaft, revolution feed rate are that 1.0mm/ changes, and produce aluminium alloy roll extrusion wheel rim; Wheel rim and spoke are after fine finishining; adopt the semi-automatic argon shield weldering of dc reverse connection welding to form an integral automobile wheel hub both; its technological parameter is: gage of wire is 2.0mm; welding current is 240A; arc voltage 26V, argon flow amount 23L/min, face bonding 1-3 layer; reverse side weldering one deck sandblasts at last again and strengthens and surface treatment.
15 inches wheel weight of present embodiment manufacturing are 6.7kg.

Claims (1)

1. the manufacture method of an aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size is characterized in that the manufacture method step is as follows:
A, with behind the aluminum alloy melting, adding mass fraction with respect to aluminium alloy is the boron titanium alloy or the SiB of 0.3%-2.0% scope 2Fining agent crystal grain thinning, and being cooled in static stove after the refining in the above 10-20 of the liquidus temperature-liquidus temperature ℃ scope of alloy is incubated 20-30 minute, on semicontinuous casting machine through once cooling and secondary cooling casting go out
Figure FSB00000103668300011
The aluminium alloy cylinder strand of diameter, its casting speed is 100-200mm/min, cooling water flow 0.05-0.1m 3/ min; Subsequently will
Figure FSB00000103668300012
The aluminium alloy cylinder strand of diameter heats through main frequency furnace, heating-up temperature is the following 20-30 of liquidus temperature ℃ of scope insulation 20 minutes, its solid rate reaches 55-70%, on the hydraulic press of 1500-3000 ton, squeeze out the aluminium alloy spoke of different design shape and large scale diameter again by solid-state thixotroping extrusion casint, wherein pressing room temperature is 200-350 ℃, and the time of staying is 10 seconds;
B, with certain size, 3.5-14cm the aluminum alloy plate materials of thickness of slab is cylinder by the rotary machine volume, carry out the inert gas-shielded arc welding welding at seam crossing, its technological parameter is: gage of wire is 0.8mm-2.0mm, welding current is 240-290A, arc voltage 26-28V, inert gas flow 23-31L/min, carry out roll extrusion or mould pressing at roller press or spinning machine, crimping is carried out at both ends, carry out suitably outer heat during roll extrusion, its technological parameter is: heating-up temperature is 345-480 ℃, thickness thinning rate is 50-80%, speed of mainshaft 300-480 rev/min, the revolution feed rate is that 0.5-2.0mm/ changes, and produces aluminium alloy wheel rim;
C, wheel rim and spoke are after fine finishining; adopt inert gas-shielded arc welding welding or laser-inert gas-shielded arc welding compound welded together both; form an integral automobile wheel hub; the aluminum-alloy wheel treatment process carries out surface treatment and reinforcement routinely again; adopt the semi-automatic inert gas-shielded arc welding of dc reverse connection to connect; its technological parameter is: gage of wire is 0.8mm-2.0mm; welding current is 240-290A; arc voltage 26-28V; inert gas flow 23-31L/min; face bonding 1-3 layer, reverse side weldering one deck.
CN2009101040626A 2009-06-11 2009-06-11 Manufacturing method for aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size Expired - Fee Related CN101579818B (en)

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CN102152721A (en) * 2011-03-23 2011-08-17 重庆大学 Magnesium alloy automobile steering control arm

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CN101973182B (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-11-14 苏竞 Aluminum alloy hub for super lightweight truck or passenger car and manufacturing method thereof
CN102225485A (en) * 2011-06-08 2011-10-26 沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司 TC18 titanium alloy welding process using laser-argon arc composite heat source
CN102601582A (en) * 2012-03-09 2012-07-25 浙江金固股份有限公司 Method for manufacturing synthetically welded commercial wheels
CN103056611B (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-10-29 河北立中有色金属集团有限公司 Magnesium alloy automobile hub casting spinning compound molding method
WO2015032051A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Methods and apparatus to produce high performance axisymmetric components
CN103817495B (en) * 2014-03-05 2016-06-08 浙江巨科实业股份有限公司 Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy hub
CN104015004A (en) * 2014-06-13 2014-09-03 浙江巨科实业有限公司 Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy hub
CN104131187B (en) * 2014-08-18 2016-03-02 张卫红 A kind of aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN105478618B (en) * 2015-12-10 2018-04-06 福建申利卡铝业发展有限公司 A kind of processing technology of spinning wheel rim
CN107116345A (en) * 2017-07-04 2017-09-01 蚌埠市福沃特车轮制造科技有限公司 Rub resistance aluminium alloy wheel hub spinning process
CN108707744B (en) * 2018-06-19 2020-04-28 广东工业大学 Processing method of lightweight orthopedic support
CN112440077A (en) * 2020-09-24 2021-03-05 长沙戴湘汽配科技有限公司 Spinning short-flow process and method for cast aluminum wheel blank
CN113319541B (en) * 2021-07-09 2023-05-09 重庆市超群工业股份有限公司 Automobile hub processing technology
CN115415671A (en) * 2022-09-14 2022-12-02 聊城产研创新发展有限公司 laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for steel hub

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