CN103381541B - The preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel - Google Patents

The preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel Download PDF

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CN103381541B
CN103381541B CN201310250415.XA CN201310250415A CN103381541B CN 103381541 B CN103381541 B CN 103381541B CN 201310250415 A CN201310250415 A CN 201310250415A CN 103381541 B CN103381541 B CN 103381541B
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陈幕毅
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Abstract

The invention provides the preparation method of a kind of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel.The present invention utilizes liquid pressing technology to produce upper wheel rim and spoke complex (abbreviation composite wheel rib), utilizes rotary pressure technology to produce lower wheel rim, adopts agitating friction welding to be combined with lower wheel rim by composite wheel rib afterwards.The present invention can make full use of the advantage of liquid pressing technology on composite wheel rib is produced, again can in conjunction with the advantage of rotary pressure technology in wheel rim strengthening.Final product can be lighter by 20% than existing rim and spoke combined wheels, reduces costs 20% again simultaneously, and have moulding freely, the advantages such as a great variety of models.

Description

The preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of wheel, particularly relate to a kind of method manufacturing high strength non-ferrous alloy wheel hub.
Background technology
, there is a kind of manufacture trend newly, wheel rim, composite wheel rib manufactured respectively exactly in the non-ferrous alloy wheel hub of automobile, adopts the technology such as friction stir welding to carry out compound at present afterwards.Composite wheel rib wherein adopts the mode of casting or forging:
For casting, the aluminium alloy that composite wheel rib casting adopts is cast aluminum-molykote composite material, and the trade mark is as A356 etc., and wheel rim employing is all distortion aluminium, and the trade mark is 2XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX etc.Composite wheel rib and these two kinds of metals of wheel rim have different in performance and composition, cause in the process stirring welding, easily produce certain reduction link, and the Performance Ratio mother metal of link place has larger loss.Simultaneously because the aluminium alloy trade mark is different, heat treatment temperature is different, causes the also bad control of Technology for Heating Processing complexity.
If adopt forging composite wheel rib, there is moulding not freely, mechanical processing process is long, the shortcoming that cost is high.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve in prior art the problem of how to produce the Al-alloy wheel that a kind of intensity is high, moulding free, cost is low, the invention provides the preparation method of a kind of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel.
Liquid forging is a kind of newer technique between liquid condition shaping and formed solid, the advantage of this two kinds of techniques of having concentrated them.It imposes higher mechanical pressure to the liquid metal poured in mould, eliminates casting flaw and produce certain plastic deformation when making it solidify.Both can keep the moulding of casting freely, the feature that cost is low, has again the feature of aluminium alloy being carried out to plastic deformation strengthening, and its properties of product are close to forging level.Current liquid forging equipment compresses relatively good realization to axial plasticity, but due to the born moulding of wheel hub, wheel rim is the thin-wall construction of a dark barreled, and its axial area is little, and existing equipment cannot accomplish good strengthening.If consider the radial compression of wheel rim, so must adopt 4 limit moulds, and in order to strengthen performance, wheel rim part also will obtain enough compression ratios, this has very high requirement to equipment and mold.This technology is caused to be restricted in wheel hub sector application at present.Large-scale application is not had to open.
A preparation method for composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel, comprises the following steps:
Step one: carry out composite wheel rib manufacture:
1.1: aluminium alloy smelting;
1.2: composite wheel rib mould prepares, adopt upper and lower mould, preheated mold, release agent spraying;
1.3: aluminium alloy is quantitatively built;
1.4: matched moulds;
1.5: adopt liquid forging machine, press soon;
1.6: press slowly;
1.7: pressurize;
1.8: the demoulding, composite wheel rib blank;
1.9: punching press, the punching of the clout of composite wheel rib blank edge is removed;
2.0: carry out machining, process with wheel rim dock table top;
Step 2: wheel rim manufacture: Dual-wheel spinning machine carries out shear spinning, machining wheel rim, carries out to dock with wheel rim and prepares;
Step 3: composite wheel rib docks with wheel rim:
3.1: wheel rim and spoke are carried out interference fit;
3.2: wheel rim is heated;
3.3: utilize fixture to conduct oneself with dignity and wheel rim and composite wheel rib are compressed;
3.4: wheel rim and composite wheel rib butt joint body are arranged on bonding machine, weld;
3.5: after having welded, the support section machining of composite wheel rib is fallen, defines the uniform wheel hub of thickness.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 1.5: adopt 1000 to 2000 tons of liquid forging machines to press soon, Stress control at 10 to 20Mpa, time 5-7 second.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 1.6: press slowly, pressure progressively reaches 80-150Mpa, time 5-7 second.
Effect: after pressure reaches 80-150Mpa, aluminium alloy volume can have the compression of 8%-15%, and aluminium alloy obtains higher compactness, and the granularity of crystallization diminishes, and performance significantly improves.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 1.7: under the pressure of 80-150Mpa, pressurize 15-20 second.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in step 2, plate thickness, from 5mm, is extended to 3-4mm, and thinnest part is 3mm.
Effect: in the process of this plastic deformation, intensity of aluminum alloy can further be strengthened.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 1.1: aluminium alloy smelting is 750 degree of meltings, and the time is 10 to 25 minutes;
Step 1.2: mold temperature is preheating to 250 degree to 280 degree, release agent spraying;
Step 1.3: placing temperature controls between 680 degree to 710 degree;
Step 1.4: unnecessary pouring material flows out from the dumping pit of bed die.
Effect: control product weight accurately.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 3.2: when being heated by wheel rim, temperature controls below 170 degree.
Effect: the benefit of control temperature to prevent aluminium alloy grain growth, reduces the hidden danger of loss of strength.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 3.3: keep a period of time when adopting special fixture wheel rim and composite wheel rib to be compressed, allow wheel rim cool.
Effect: relatively freely cool, under the help of fixture, can well ensure the depth of parallelism of wheel hub two wheel rims.Improve the quality of products.
As a further improvement on the present invention, step 3.4: welding adopts friction stir welding; Agitating friction welding adopts pre-welding and is combined without keyhole technique, first carries out pre-welding to welding portion, uses afterwards and welds without keyhole bonding machine.
Effect: the introducing of this technique, the production efficiency of at least 20% is improved than existing compound hub stirring friction-welding technique, reduce postorder plug-hole operation, and the MIG of current plug-hole technology welds or agitating friction downhand welding, MIG welding causes material to melt, and causes welding portion intensity greatly to reduce.And surface portion is just welded by agitating friction downhand welding, throat thickness is no more than 3mm, and the degree of depth of welding keyhole is generally at more than 4-5mm, there is certain gas leakage hidden danger.This can obtain the production efficiency of better quality and Geng Gao without keyhole technique.
It is as a further improvement on the present invention, further comprising the steps of,
Step 4: bulk heat treatmet:
After wheel rim and composite wheel rib have welded, carry out strengthen connotation, solid solution, insulation, water-cooled, carries out natrual ageing afterwards.
Effect: the heat treatment difficulty overcoming heterogeneity aluminum alloy, avoids the problems such as the burning in aluminum alloy heat processing procedure.
Liquid forging and existing combined wheels have certain problem in wheel hub actual production, the wheel rim partial reinforment of the wheel hub that liquid forging is produced is complicated, and the existing production of emerging combined wheels is because spoke part still adopts traditional casting or forging, there is the problem of spoke wheel rim dissimilar metal in casting, the problems such as forging has again cost high, and moulding is not free.The present invention, by two kinds of techniques being combined, is utilized liquid forging technology to produce the composite wheel rib consistent with rim material, is combined by composite wheel rib afterwards by welding with wheel rim.Fully played two kinds of technological advantages, it is high, lightweight that the wheel hub of production has intensity, the feature that cost is low.Production cost and traditional cast wheel ratio of liquid forging composite wheel rib, high by about 20%, but it is improved by intensity, the spoke material loss of weight brought can offset the raising of cost, and because the raising of production efficiency, Integrated comparative with the cost close to cast wheel, can provide the high performance-price ratio wheel hub of forging wheel quality.
Sectional hub is closed for 20 cun of 2024 aluminium:
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is composite wheel rib liquid forging production technological process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is composite wheel rib blank structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the composite wheel rib that the present invention processes interface;
Fig. 4 is wheel rim pipe structure schematic diagram of the present invention; (4a is top view, and 4b is side view)
Fig. 5 is structure wheel rim schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 be structure composite spoke of the present invention with wheel rim in conjunction with fixture schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 composite wheel rib welds schematic diagram with wheel rim
Fig. 8 is the wheel hub processed.(8a is top view, and 8b is that figure is cutd open in side-looking, and dotted line is outward cut-out)
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The present invention utilizes liquid pressing technology to produce upper wheel rim composite wheel rib complex (abbreviation composite wheel rib), utilizes rotary pressure technology to produce lower wheel rim, adopts agitating friction welding by upper and lower wheel rim compound afterwards.The present invention can make full use of the advantage of liquid pressing technology on composite wheel rib is produced, again can in conjunction with the advantage of rotary pressure technology in wheel rim strengthening.Final product can be lighter by 20% than existing wheel rim composite wheel rib combined wheels, reduces costs 20% again simultaneously.
examples of implementation 1:
First composite wheel rib manufacture is carried out.We are with composite wheel rib thickness 150mm, and material is aluminium alloy 2024 is example.
1) 2024 aluminium alloy smeltings, 750 degree of meltings.Time is 20 minutes.
2) composite wheel rib mould prepares, and adopt upper and lower mould, mold temperature is preheating to 250 degree, release agent spraying.
3) aluminium alloy is quantitatively built, and placing temperature controls between 680 degree of-710 degree.
4) matched moulds, unnecessary pouring material can flow out from the dumping pit of bed die
5) 1600 tons of liquid forging machines are adopted.Fast pressure, Stress control at more than 20Mpa, time 5-7 second.
6) press slowly, pressure needs progressively to reach more than 100Mpa, time 5-7 second.
7) pressurize 15-20 second.
8) demoulding, composite wheel rib blank, flow process is as Fig. 1, and the composite wheel rib blank processed is as Fig. 2
9) punching press, removes the unnecessary material punching of composite wheel rib blank edge.
10) carry out machining, process with wheel rim dock table top.Fig. 3
Wheel rim manufactures:
Wheel rim manufacture adopts two-wheel spinning to form
We are with the 2024 thickness tubing that is 5mm for example, and processing method is as follows
1) carry out according to rim width the cylinder cutting into corresponding length.Fig. 4
2) adopt Dual-wheel spinning machine to carry out shear spinning, plate thickness, from 5mm, is extended to 3-4mm, and thinnest part is 3.4mm.Carry out crimping afterwards.In this process, intensity of aluminum alloy has very large mentioning.
3) machining wheel rim on one side, carries out to dock with wheel rim to prepare.Fig. 5
2024 composite wheel ribs dock with 2024 wheel rims
1) consider wheel hub security, wheel rim and spoke are carried out interference fit by us.The support strength that such acquisition is enough.
2) heated by wheel rim, temperature controls below 170 degree, prevents that temperature is too high causes the grain growth of wheel rim aluminium alloy.
3) adopt special fixture, utilize fixture to conduct oneself with dignity and wheel rim and composite wheel rib are compressed.And keep a period of time, allow wheel rim cool.Fig. 6
4) wheel rim and composite wheel rib butt joint body are arranged on bonding machine, weld.Welding can adopt friction stir welding.Fig. 7
5) agitating friction welding can adopt pre-welding and be combined without keyhole technique, first carries out pre-welding to welding portion, can guarantee like this not misplace in welding process.Use afterwards and weld without keyhole bonding machine, the keyhole that tradition stirs welding after having welded, can not be left.Thus do not need to carry out plug-hole technique.
6) after having welded, the support section machining of composite wheel rib fallen, it is even that such wheel rim just defines thickness, the wheel hub of appearance looks elegant.Fig. 8
Bulk heat treatmet
After 2024 wheel rims and composite wheel rib have welded, strengthen connotation can be carried out.Because the material of two parts is consistent, with reference to the heat treatment parameter of same metal.
With 2024 alloys for example, concrete heat treatment parameter is: solid solution, temperature 493-497 degree, and insulation 2-4 hour, was cooled to 40 degree afterwards in 30 seconds.Carry out natrual ageing afterwards.
examples of implementation 2:for 7075 aluminium alloy wheel hubs
First composite wheel rib manufacture is carried out.We are with composite wheel rib thickness 120mm, and material is aluminium alloy 7075 is example.
1) 7075 aluminium alloy smeltings, 750 degree of meltings.Time is 20 minutes.
2) composite wheel rib mould prepares, and adopt upper and lower mould, mold temperature is preheating to 280 degree, release agent spraying.
3) aluminium alloy is quantitatively built, and placing temperature controls between 650 degree of-680 degree.
4) matched moulds, unnecessary pouring material can flow out from the dumping pit of bed die
5) 2000 tons of liquid forging machines are adopted.Fast pressure, Stress control at more than 20Mpa, time 4-6 second.
6) press slowly, pressure needs progressively to reach more than 120Mpa, time 4-6 second.
7) pressurize 12-18 second.
8) demoulding, composite wheel rib blank, flow process is as Fig. 1, and the composite wheel rib blank processed is as Fig. 2
9) punching press, removes the unnecessary material punching of composite wheel rib blank edge.
10) carry out machining, process with wheel rim dock table top.Fig. 3
Wheel rim manufactures
Wheel rim manufacture adopts two-wheel spinning to form.
The sheet material that we are 5mm for 7075 thickness, processing method is as follows
According to rim width, sheet material is carried out cutting into respective width sheet material.
Sheet material is rolled up on furling plate round machine circle.
Opposite joint directly welds, and carries out solder side polishing afterwards.
Welding drum secondary school circle.
Pipe adopts Dual-wheel spinning machine to carry out shear spinning, and plate thickness, from 5mm, is extended to 3-4mm, and thinnest part is 3mm.
7075 composite wheel ribs dock with 7075 wheel rims
Consider wheel hub security, wheel rim and spoke are carried out interference fit by us.The support strength that such acquisition is enough.
Heated by wheel rim, temperature controls below 170 degree, prevents that temperature is too high causes the grain growth of wheel rim aluminium alloy.
Adopt special fixture, utilize fixture to conduct oneself with dignity and wheel rim and composite wheel rib are compressed.And keep a period of time, allow wheel rim cool.Fig. 6
Wheel rim and composite wheel rib butt joint body are arranged on bonding machine, weld.Welding can adopt friction stir welding.Fig. 7
Agitating friction welding can adopt pre-welding and be combined without keyhole technique, first carries out pre-welding to welding portion, can guarantee like this not misplace in welding process.Use afterwards and weld without keyhole bonding machine, the keyhole that tradition stirs welding after having welded, can not be left.Thus do not need to carry out plug-hole technique.
After having welded, the support section machining of composite wheel rib fallen, it is even that such wheel rim just defines thickness, the wheel hub of appearance looks elegant.
Bulk heat treatmet
After 7075 wheel rims and composite wheel rib have welded, strengthen connotation can be carried out.Concrete heat treatment parameter is: solid solution, temperature 460-470 degree, and insulation 2-4 hour, in water-cooled.Carry out natrual ageing afterwards.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a preparation method for composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: carry out composite wheel rib manufacture:
1.1: aluminium alloy smelting;
1.2: composite wheel rib mould prepares, adopt upper and lower mould, preheated mold, release agent spraying;
1.3: aluminium alloy is quantitatively built;
1.4: matched moulds;
1.5: adopt liquid forging machine, press soon, adopt 1000 to 2000 tons of liquid forging machines to press soon, Stress control at 10 to 20Mpa, time 5-7 second;
1.6: press slowly, pressure needs progressively to reach 80-150Mpa, time 5-7 second;
1.7: pressurize, under the pressure of 80-150Mpa, pressurize 15-20 second;
1.8: the demoulding, obtain composite wheel rib blank;
1.9: punching press, the punching of the clout of composite wheel rib blank edge is removed;
2.0: carry out machining, process with wheel rim dock table top;
Step 2: wheel rim manufacture: Dual-wheel spinning machine carries out shear spinning, machining wheel rim, carries out to dock with wheel rim and prepares;
Step 3: composite wheel rib docks with wheel rim:
3.1: wheel rim and spoke are carried out interference fit;
3.2: wheel rim is heated;
3.3: utilize fixture to conduct oneself with dignity and wheel rim and composite wheel rib are compressed;
3.4: wheel rim and composite wheel rib butt joint body are arranged on bonding machine, weld;
3.5: after having welded, the support section machining of composite wheel rib is fallen, defines the uniform wheel hub of thickness.
2. the preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2, plate thickness, from 5mm, is extended to 3-4mm, and thinnest part is 3mm.
3. the preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Step 1.1: aluminium alloy smelting is 750 degree of meltings, and the time is 10 to 25 minutes;
Step 1.2: mold temperature is preheating to 250 degree to 280 degree, release agent spraying;
Step 1.3: placing temperature controls between 680 degree to 710 degree;
Step 1.4: unnecessary pouring material flows out from the dumping pit of bed die.
4. the preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Step 3.2: when being heated by wheel rim, temperature controls below 170 degree.
5. the preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Step 3.3: keep a period of time when adopting special fixture wheel rim and composite wheel rib to be compressed, allow wheel rim cool.
6. the preparation method of composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3.4: welding adopts friction stir welding; Agitating friction welding adopts pre-welding and is combined without keyhole technique, first carries out pre-welding to welding portion, uses afterwards and welds without keyhole bonding machine.
7. the preparation method of the composite high-strength non-ferrous alloy wheel according to claim 1 to 6 any one, is characterized in that: further comprising the steps of,
Step 4: bulk heat treatmet:
After wheel rim and composite wheel rib have welded, carry out strengthen connotation, solid solution, insulation, water-cooled, carries out natrual ageing afterwards.
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