CN115415671A - laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for steel hub - Google Patents
laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for steel hub Download PDFInfo
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- CN115415671A CN115415671A CN202211112419.7A CN202211112419A CN115415671A CN 115415671 A CN115415671 A CN 115415671A CN 202211112419 A CN202211112419 A CN 202211112419A CN 115415671 A CN115415671 A CN 115415671A
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- welding
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- gmaw
- rim
- arc
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for a steel hub, which relates to the technical field of hub welding and comprises the following contents: cleaning before welding; fixing a weldment; welding; detecting after welding; the wheel rim and the wheel spoke are thermally jointed by a laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method, the laser is in front, the GMAW electric arc is behind, and the laser and the GMAW electric arc interact with each other in the welding process, so that the advantages of respective heat sources are fully exerted while the deficiency of a single heat source is made up, the welding heat input is effectively reduced, and the welding seam quality is greatly improved; in addition, the composite welding shielding gas is fed through a GMAW arc welding gun and directly acts on the surface of a welding workpiece molten pool, so that the quality of a welding seam is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hub welding, in particular to a welding manufacturing method of a steel hub.
Background
At present, commercial vehicles and passenger vehicles in China mainly use steel hubs as main parts and generally comprise spokes and rims, wherein the spokes refer to a supporting part in the middle of a wheel, and the rims refer to a part, in contact with a tire, of the periphery of the wheel; in the prior art, gas shield welding or submerged arc welding is mostly adopted for the synthetic welding of the spoke and the rim, but the welding method has the problems of poor weld joint strength, large heat affected zone and heat input of welding, high welding difficulty, high energy consumption and high possibility of weld joint fracture in subsequent processes, so that the rejection rate of the hub is increased.
In order to solve the above problems, patent CN214001195U discloses that the thermal bonding of the spoke and the rim can be performed by laser welding; however, although laser welding can reduce welding heat input, the defects of poor weld surface quality, low tolerance to weld piece gaps, large welding spatter, high cooling speed and easy generation of hardened structures and cracks during welding of high-strength steel exist at the same time; patent CN113173034A discloses that the thermal bonding of the spoke and the rim can also be realized by using a laser hybrid welding technology, but it does not disclose the details of the laser hybrid welding technology; based on the above, how to provide a steel hub welding method capable of improving the welding quality of the welding seam and having a small heat input amount is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for a steel hub, which improves the weld joint strength of a joint position of a rim and a spoke on the basis of lower heat input by using a hybrid welding process of leading laser and trailing GMAW electric arc, and simultaneously sets shielding gas to act on a molten pool on the surface of a weldment to ensure the weld joint quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for a steel hub, which comprises the following steps:
cleaning the rim and the to-be-welded positions of the spokes;
butting the to-be-welded positions of the rim and the spoke, and primarily fixing by using a tool;
further fixing the relative positions of the rim and the spoke by means of spot welding;
fixing the rim and the spoke which are fixed by spot welding on a positioner, sequentially arranging a GMAW (gas metal arc welding) gun and a laser welding head along a welding direction to perform composite welding on the butt joint position of the rim and the spoke, enabling the laser beam to vertically irradiate, enabling the GMAW arc welding gun to be obliquely arranged towards the action position of the laser welding head, enabling the distance of a light wire to be 2-4 mm, and feeding composite welding shielding gas through the GMAW arc welding gun and directly acting on a welding pool on the surface of a welding workpiece;
and carrying out nondestructive testing on the welding seam.
Preferably, the thickness of the rim and the spoke is 4mm to 8mm.
Preferably, the spot welding is performed at a position on the side of the abutting surface of the rim and the spoke close to the outer rim.
Preferably, the welding parameters of the laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding are: the laser power of laser welding is 5000-7500W, the included angle between the laser welding head and the inner surface of the rim is 29-75 degrees, the welding current of GMAW arc welding is 35-300 degrees, the included angle between the GMAW arc welding gun and the inner surface of the rim is 21-46 degrees, and the welding speed is 1.8-2.3 m/min.
Preferably, the positioner is rotatably provided with a three-jaw chuck for fixing the rim and the spoke, and the inclination angle of the three-jaw chuck is 15-50 degrees.
Preferably, when the laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding method is used for welding, the positions of a laser welding head and a GMAW arc welding gun are kept unchanged, and the three-jaw chuck of the positioner rotates for one circle in the direction opposite to the welding direction.
Preferably, the welding position of the laser-GMAW electric arc composite welding is the side of the butt joint surface of the wheel rim and the spoke, which is far away from the outer rim.
Preferably, the shielding gas fed through the GMAW arc welding gun is argon.
Preferably, GMAW welding uses a CMT arc or MAG arc or MIG arc for welding.
Preferably, the nondestructive testing method is ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the GMAW arc welding gun and the laser welding head are sequentially arranged along the welding direction to carry out composite welding on the butt joint position of the rim and the spoke, and in the welding process, the interaction of laser and GMAW arc can improve the welding speed in the front, so that the heat input is small, the welding deformation is small, and the fusion depth is increased; GMAW electric arc can eliminate crackle and gas pocket behind, improves heat affected zone tissue and performance to can adapt to great clearance, electric arc can burn the smoke and dust of optic fibre laser welding plume simultaneously, the welding that significantly reduces splashes, very big improvement welding quality.
2. According to the invention, the welding protective gas is argon, is fed through the GMAW arc welding gun and directly acts on a molten pool on the surface of a welding workpiece, and in the welding process, the welding protective gas can effectively isolate oxygen, thereby protecting a welding seam, preventing welding defects such as oxidation slag inclusion and the like, and ensuring the quality of the welding seam.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the hub fixing device on a positioner according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the weld surface using laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding;
wherein, 1, a position changing machine; 2. a three-jaw chuck; 3. a laser welding head; 4. GMAW arc welding gun; 5. a spoke; 6. a rim; 7. and (7) welding seams.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The thicknesses of the spoke 5 and the rim 6 in this embodiment are: 4 mm-8 mm.
The welding equipment is as follows: adopting a fiber laser with the model number of YLS-20000-S2T; adopting a CMT electric arc welding machine; a positioner 1 with the model number of XY-JGY22001-017 is adopted.
A laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for steel hubs comprises the following steps:
firstly, cleaning positions to be welded of a rim 6 and a spoke 5; specifically, the oil stain, the rust and the dust in the range of not less than 20mm on the two sides of the position to be welded are wiped completely by using the clean rag sprayed with the acetone cleaning agent, and the position to be welded can be polished by using the polisher until the metal luster is exposed.
Then, butting the positions to be welded of the rim 6 and the spoke 5, and preliminarily fixing by using an F-shaped clamp or a self-made tool; it should be noted that in the fixing process, the positions to be welded of the rim 6 and the spoke 5 need to be ensured to be tightly attached, so that the welding seam 7 is relatively uniform, and the welding quality is ensured; after the initial fixing is completed, the relative positions of the rim 6 and the spoke 5 are further fixed by using laser spot welding or arc spot welding so as to prevent the relative positions of the rim 6 and the spoke 5 from changing in the welding process.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a rim 6 and a spoke 5 which are fixed by spot welding are fixed on a positioner 1 by a three-jaw chuck 2 on the positioner 1, the three-jaw chuck 2 is arranged obliquely, the inclination angle of the three-jaw chuck 2 can be adjusted according to the model of a hub and the welding position, and the adjustable range is 15-50 degrees; the method comprises the following steps that a GMAW arc welding gun 4 and a laser welding head 3 are sequentially arranged along a welding direction, wherein the laser welding head 3 is vertically arranged, the GMAW arc welding gun 4 is obliquely arranged towards the action position of the laser welding head 3, the distance between optical fibers is 2-4 mm, the three-jaw chuck 2 rotates for a circle along the direction opposite to the welding direction to carry out composite welding on the butt joint position of a rim 6 and a spoke 5, in the welding process, laser is in the front, GMAW electric arc is in the rear, the laser and the GMAW electric arc interact, the welding speed can be improved by laser, heat input is small, welding deformation is small, and the fusion depth is increased; meanwhile, the electric arc can burn the smoke dust of the plume of the optical fiber laser welding, so that the welding spatter is greatly reduced, and the welding quality is greatly improved.
In this embodiment, the welding parameters of the laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding are as follows: the laser power of laser welding is 5000W-7500W, the included angle between the laser welding head 3 and the inner surface of the rim 6 is 29-75 degrees, the welding current of GMAW arc welding is 35A-300A, the included angle between the GMAW arc welding gun 4 and the inner surface of the rim 6 is 21-46 degrees, the welding speed can be specifically adjusted according to the size of the hub, and the welding speed is 1.8 m/min-2.3 m/min.
In order to further improve the welding quality, the composite welding shielding gas in the embodiment is argon, is fed through a GMAW arc welding gun and directly acts on a molten pool on the surface of a welding workpiece to isolate oxygen and blow away plasma to protect a welding seam 7; the embodiment is also provided with a path of protective gas which directly acts on the laser welding head 3 and is used for preventing the laser welding head from being burnt.
In addition, the spot welding position in this embodiment is that the abutting surface of the rim 6 and the spoke 5 is close to one side of the outer rim, so as to facilitate the spot welding fixation; the welding position of the laser-GMAW electric arc composite welding is the side, far away from the outer rim, of the butt joint surface of the rim 6 and the spoke 5, the butt joint surface of the rim 6 and the spoke 5 is large, stress is uniform in the welding process, and attractiveness is not affected.
The GMAW welding in this embodiment is CMT arc welding, which may be replaced with MAG or MIG arc welding as desired.
And carrying out nondestructive testing on the welding seam 7 by using an ultrasonic flaw detection or ray flaw detection method.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method of a steel hub is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
cleaning the rim and the to-be-welded positions of the spokes;
butting the positions to be welded of the rim and the spoke, and preliminarily fixing by using a tool;
further fixing the relative positions of the rim and the spoke in a spot welding mode;
fixing the rim and the spoke which are fixed by spot welding on a positioner, sequentially arranging a GMAW (gas metal arc welding) gun and a laser welding head along a welding direction to perform composite welding on the butt joint position of the rim and the spoke, wherein the laser beam is vertically arranged, the GMAW arc welding gun is obliquely arranged towards the action position of the laser welding head, the distance of a light wire is 2-4 mm, and welding shielding gas is fed through the GMAW arc welding gun and directly acts on the surface of a welding workpiece molten pool;
and carrying out nondestructive testing on the welding seam.
2. The laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding process for steel hubs of claim 1 wherein: the thickness of the rim and the spoke is 4 mm-8 mm.
3. The laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding method for steel hubs as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the spot welding position is that the butt joint surface of the rim and the spoke is close to one side of the outer rim.
4. A laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding process for steel hubs according to claim 3, characterized in that: the welding parameters of the laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding are as follows: the laser power of laser welding is 5000W-7500W, the included angle between the laser welding head and the inner surface of the rim is 29-75 degrees, the welding current of GMAW electric arc welding is 35A-300A, the included angle between the GMAW electric arc welding gun and the inner surface of the rim is 21-46 degrees, and the welding speed is 1.8 m/min-2.3 m/min.
5. laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding process for steel hubs according to claim 4, characterized in that: the positioner is rotatably provided with a three-jaw chuck for fixing the rim and the spoke, and the inclination angle of the three-jaw chuck is 15-50 degrees.
6. The laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding process for steel hubs according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method is adopted for welding, the positions of a laser welding head and a GMAW electric arc welding gun are kept unchanged, and the three-jaw chuck of the positioner rotates for a circle along the direction opposite to the welding direction.
7. The laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding method for steel hubs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the welding position of the laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding is the side of the butt joint surface of the rim and the spoke, which is far away from the outer rim.
8. laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding process of a steel hub according to claim 7, characterized in that: the shielding gas fed through the GMAW arc welding gun is argon.
9. The laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding process for steel hubs of claim 8 wherein: GMAW welding uses a CMT arc or MAG arc or MIG arc for welding.
10. laser-GMAW arc hybrid welding process of a steel hub according to claim 9, characterized in that: the nondestructive testing method is ultrasonic flaw detection or ray flaw detection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211112419.7A CN115415671A (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for steel hub |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211112419.7A CN115415671A (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for steel hub |
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| CN115415671A true CN115415671A (en) | 2022-12-02 |
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| CN202211112419.7A Pending CN115415671A (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | laser-GMAW electric arc hybrid welding method for steel hub |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007050813A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-03-01 | Rintekkusu Kk | Vehicle wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101579818A (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2009-11-18 | 马鸣图 | Manufacturing method for aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size |
| CN101733564A (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2010-06-16 | 长春理工大学 | Laser-electric arc composite heat source high-speed welding method of ultrahigh strength steel |
| US20110158572A1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-06-30 | Patrik Dahlman | Method for Manufacturing a Steel Component, A Weld Seam, A Welded Steel Component, and a Bearing Component |
| CN102922153A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-02-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser guide GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) electric arc compound transverse welding method |
| US20140377586A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2014-12-25 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Assembly with weld joint formed in hybrid welding process |
| CN106271139A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | A kind of Invar steel laser electrical arc complex welding method |
| CN107252976A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-17 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | A kind of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding air protection method for laser pre-amplifier |
| CN113173034A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-07-27 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁(北京)有限公司 | Ultra-lightweight steel wheel for commercial vehicles |
-
2022
- 2022-09-14 CN CN202211112419.7A patent/CN115415671A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007050813A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-03-01 | Rintekkusu Kk | Vehicle wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| US20110158572A1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-06-30 | Patrik Dahlman | Method for Manufacturing a Steel Component, A Weld Seam, A Welded Steel Component, and a Bearing Component |
| CN101579818A (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2009-11-18 | 马鸣图 | Manufacturing method for aluminium alloy automobile hub with high performance and big size |
| CN101733564A (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2010-06-16 | 长春理工大学 | Laser-electric arc composite heat source high-speed welding method of ultrahigh strength steel |
| US20140377586A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2014-12-25 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Assembly with weld joint formed in hybrid welding process |
| CN102922153A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-02-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser guide GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) electric arc compound transverse welding method |
| CN106271139A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | A kind of Invar steel laser electrical arc complex welding method |
| CN107252976A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-17 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | A kind of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding air protection method for laser pre-amplifier |
| CN113173034A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-07-27 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁(北京)有限公司 | Ultra-lightweight steel wheel for commercial vehicles |
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Application publication date: 20221202 |
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