CN103621213A - Method for improving tobacco-planting soil and tobacco planting method - Google Patents
Method for improving tobacco-planting soil and tobacco planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103621213A CN103621213A CN201310626174.4A CN201310626174A CN103621213A CN 103621213 A CN103621213 A CN 103621213A CN 201310626174 A CN201310626174 A CN 201310626174A CN 103621213 A CN103621213 A CN 103621213A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tobacco planting and cultivation, and relates to a method for improving soil, especially tobacco-planting soil and a tobacco planting method. Fertilizer is applied to field ridges. According to the method for improving the tobacco-planting soil, the physical and chemical properties of the tobacco-planting soil can be effectively improved, organic matter in the tobacco-planting soil is increased, and the water eutrophication state is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting and cultivation field, relate to a kind of soil particularly method and a kind of planting method of tobacco of tobacco-growing soil of improving.
Background technology
Object of the present invention is the material of the chemosynthesis such as a large amount of use chemical fertilizer based in current agricultural production, agricultural chemicals just, and environment and food are polluted largely, and the ecosystem is destroyed, and land capability constantly declines.
For exploring the new way of agricultural development, conservation of nature ecotope, rationally utilizes natural resources, realizes the sustainable development of the ecosystem, and improving tobacco-growing soil organic matter is a kind of a kind of method that crop alimentary is had to better supply.Joining of fertilizer executed improving soil physical and chemical property, increases soil fertility, and impelling cigarette strain normal growth and improving quality of tobacco aspect has good facilitation.
Land pollution at present, body eutrophication, the hardening soil etc. are unfavorable to proportion of crop planting, need a kind of particularly method of tobacco-growing soil of soil of improving.
Summary of the invention
The inventor, through deep research and performing creative labour, has obtained a kind of soil particularly method and a kind of planting method of tobacco of tobacco-growing soil of improving.The inventor is surprised to find, and described method can effectively be improved tobacco-growing soil physicochemical character, improves tobacco-growing soil organic, improves Eutrophication Status.Following invention is provided thus:
One aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of particularly method of tobacco-growing soil of soil of improving, and wherein, fertilizer is used in field.
Described improve soil particularly the method for tobacco-growing soil be also the particularly fertilizing method of tobacco or flue-cured tobacco of a kind of crop fertilization method.
Method according to the present invention described in any one, wherein, described fertilizer is used as base manure.
Method according to the present invention described in any one, wherein, the row replacement in field of described fertilizer; Particularly, at field center line fluting, use; Particularly, dark 5 centimeters, wide 10 centimeters; Preferably, for evenly using.
Method according to the present invention described in any one, wherein, the ridge body of described field is full curved; Preferably, the row spacing of described field is 1.2 meters, 1 meter of row spacing, and ridge is high 0.3 meter.
Be not limited to theoretical restriction, arc is more firm, rain resistance, and preserve moisture and fertility, is difficult for while planting cigarette collapsing.
Method according to the present invention described in any one, wherein, 3-14 days ridgings and/or fertilising before cigarette seed is planted or cultivates or transplant; Be preferably 5-10 days, for example 5,6,7,8,9 or 10 days; More preferably 7 days.
Method according to the present invention described in any one, wherein, before cigarette seed is planted or cultivates or transplant, and/or before Term Fertilization, avoids Solanaceae and/or ground family crop.
The inventor also finds, plants Solanaceae and/or ground family crop before tobacco planting, can make tobacco nutrient owes lacks and imbalance, and the insect pest of easily catching an illness, and makes output and Quality Down.
Method according to the present invention described in any one, wherein, the fertilizer of using is military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer.
Method according to the present invention described in any one, wherein, the amount of Term Fertilization is 250-500 kg/acre; Be preferably 300-450 kg/acre; 350-400 kg/acre more preferably, for example 350,360,370,380,390 or 400 kgs/acre.
In one embodiment of the invention, the described method of improving tobacco-growing soil comprises the steps:
(1) soil, after autumn harvest finishes, carries out the large cleaning of field health, removes weeds in field and plant residue, reduces damage by disease and insect primary source of infection; Efficent rotation, previous crops is avoided Solanaceae, ground family crop;
(2) at first about the 7 days ridgings of earthing up of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, row spacing is 1.2 meters, 1 meter of row spacing, and ridge is high 0.3 meter, and ridge body is full curved;
(3) military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer is used as base manure, slots dark 5 centimeters on field, wide 10 centimeters, and fertilizer is evenly applied in cultivation field, after fertilising, with soil, fills out lid; Usage amount: 350-400 kg/acre.
After the field planting of cigarette seedling, note field management, can topdress in right amount according to tobacco leaf growing state, do not re-use other fertilizer.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of planting method of tobacco, and it comprises the method described in any one in the present invention.
In the present invention,
Term " military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer ”Shi Japanese government Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry agrotechnique expert---military rattan passes the too complex biological fertilizer of Lang Kaifa, and its main composition is N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and beneficial bacterium is more than 500 kinds.Domestic can be purchased from Kunming Rui Fengyi development in science and technology Co., Ltd.
Term " base manure " is also base fertilizer, refers in crop sowing or the fertilizer of executing before transplanting.The slow-acting fertilizers such as barnyard manure, compost, green manure are suitable for doing base manure.
Flue-cured tobacco is the tobacco leaf of drying in ad hoc barn, and color is yellow, and elasticity is larger, is the primary raw material of cigarette.In the present invention, described flue-cured tobacco if not otherwise specified, refers to the tobacco leaf of manufacturing flue-cured tobacco.Tobacco leaf, annual herb, Solanaceae.Plant is by glandular hairs, high 1 meter of left and right.Petiole is not obvious or become aliform handle.With hand, touch up leaf stickness.Panicle top is raw.Calyx tubular, corolla funnel-form, likeness in form bugle, end pink.Capsule, seed yellowish-brown.Originate in South America, have cultivation all over the world.
In the present invention, body eutrophication (eutrophication) refers under the impact of mankind's activity, the nutriments such as biological required nitrogen, phosphorus enter the unhurried current water bodys such as lake, river mouth, bay in a large number, cause that algae and other planktons breed rapidly, Dissolved Oxygen in Water amount declines, water quality deterioration, the phenomenon of fish and other biological mortality.The general index adopting is at present: Water content surpasses 0.2-0.3ppm, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is greater than 10ppm, phosphorus content is greater than 0.01-0.02ppm, and in the fresh water of pH value 7-9, every milliliter of total number of bacteria surpasses 100,000, and the chlorophyll-a content that characterizes amount of algae is greater than 10 μ mg/L.
In the present invention, soil plough horizon refers to be applicable to the arable land topsoil of crop growth.Soil structure refers to the permutations and combinations form of soil particle (comprising aggregate).While differentiating in field, be often referred to those different shapes and size, and the structure that can be separated from each other.
The beneficial effect of the invention
Method of the present invention can effectively be improved tobacco-growing soil physicochemical character, improves tobacco-growing soil organic, improves Eutrophication Status.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: vega ridge internal recessing schematic diagram.Wherein, 1,2,3 is field, and straight line A, B, C all represent ridge center line.Fluting is positioned at ridge center line.Cigarette seed is implanted on the center line of ridge, and cigarette seedling spacing is 0.6 meter of left and right.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is only for the present invention is described, and should not be considered as limiting scope of the present invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, carries out according to the condition of normal condition or manufacturer's suggestion.The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, being can be by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
In the following examples 1-2, the kind of the cigarette seedling of use is identical, and plot used belongs to the same area, and its soil property and structure are similar.The baking method of tobacco leaf is also identical.Described operation, if not otherwise specified, can carry out with reference to conventional farming operation.
embodiment 1: method plantation tobacco 1 of the present invention
Use military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer operation as follows:
(1) vega, after autumn harvest finishes, in conjunction with the large cleaning of health, is removed weeds in field and plant residue, reduces damage by disease and insect primary source of infection.Efficent rotation, previous crops is avoided Solanaceae, ground family crop.
(2) at first about the 7 days ridgings of earthing up of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, row spacing is 1.2 meters, 1 meter of row spacing, and ridge is high 0.3 meter, and ridge body is full curved.
(3) military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer is used as base manure.On field, slot dark 5 centimeters, wide 10 centimeters, the even bar of fertilizer is applied in cultivation field ridge, after fertilising, with soil, fill out lid, diagram figure is as Fig. 1.Usage amount: 350-400 kg/acre.
(4) after the field planting of cigarette seedling, note field management, the contained NPK composition of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer total amount approximately 15%, can topdress in right amount according to tobacco leaf growing state.Do not re-use other fertilizer, and agricultural chemicals.
Tobacco leaf carries out three section type baking.
embodiment 2: contrast method plantation tobacco 2
Except " using base manure when the ridging: first sprinkle base manure cow dung 250kg/ mu at soil surface, allow the soil of furrow roll up and cover ridge body, base manure is wrapped in the body of ridge ", other step is similar to Example 1.
Tobacco leaf carries out three section type baking.
embodiment 3: the field agronomy of two kinds of method plantation tobaccos of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
proterties comparison
Table 1: the Agronomic characteristic comparison of two kinds of method plantation tobaccos
From table 1:
Compare with 2 kinds of tobaccos of planting of embodiment, a kind of cigarette strain growth of planting of embodiment is more delicate and prettier, neat and consistent, and disease resistance is good, and tobacco leaf surface fine hair is more, and oil content is many.
embodiment 4: the tobacco leaf ingredient of two kinds of method plantation tobaccos of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
relatively
1. pair, cured tobacco leaf sample detects
The tobacco leaf of sample 1: embodiment 1;
The tobacco leaf of sample 2: embodiment 2.
Below get respectively the tobacco leaf of upper, middle and lower.
2. detection method
The detection method of each chemical composition content is carried out (State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau's issue) according to following standard method:
The preparation of YC/T31-1996 tobacco and tobacco product sample and determination of moisture Oven Method;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T160-2002 tobacco and tobacco product total alkaloid;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T159-2002 tobacco and tobacco product water-soluble sugar (mensuration of water-soluble sugar comprises the mensuration of total reducing sugar and reducing sugar, and total reducing sugar is to measure by the assay method of reducing sugar after being hydrolyzed into monose in fact);
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T162-2011 tobacco and tobacco product chlorine;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T217-2007 tobacco and tobacco product potassium.
3. testing result
As shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2: sample routine chemical components content comparison
Conventionally this area thinks that the content of total reducing sugar and reducing sugar is higher relatively good;
Whether suitable standard is to judge nicotine content: bottom leaf 1.5%-2.0%, middle leaf 2.0%-2.8%, upper leaf 3.0%-3.5%.
From table 1:
1) use the total reducing sugar of tobacco leaf of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer plantation and content of reducing sugar higher than the tobacco leaf of using cow dung plantation;
2) use the nicotine content of tobacco leaf of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer plantation suitable, the nicotine content of tobacco leaves of using cow dung plantation is lower;
3) the two difference of potassium and chlorinity is little.
In a word, the chemical composition content of tobacco leaf of using the plantation of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer is suitable, and harmony is good; The tobacco leaf chemical composition content of using cow dung plantation is not too suitable, inaccurate coordination.
embodiment 5: the tobacco sample of two kinds of method plantation tobaccos of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
aesthetic quality's comparison
1. the method for smokeing panel test
The whole method of smokeing panel test that circulates, specifically carries out according to People's Republic of China (PRC) tobacco business standard tobacco and tobacco product sensory evaluation method YC/T138-1998.
2. smoking result
As shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3: sample aesthetic quality comparison
embodiment 6: the ratio of the soil property of two kinds of fertilizing methods of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
?
1. detection method
18cm depths sampling on the transplanting field of latter 30 days.
Soil organic matter content: with quantitative potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution, under electrical heating condition, make the Organic oxidation in soil, ferrous sulfate standard liquid titration for remaining potassium bichromate, and take silica as actual blank demarcation of additive work, according to oxidation front and back oxidant quality difference, calculate organic carbon amount, be multiplied by again coefficient 1.724, be soil organic matter content.
The bulk density of soil: utilize the cutting ring of a constant volume to cut the not soil sample of the nature of stirring, soil sample is full of wherein, the oven-dried soil weight of unit of account volume after weighing.This law is applicable to general soil, inapplicable to hard and frangible soil.
Soil porosity: claim again cell size, mean the shared percentage in unit volume soil mesopore.General coarse texture soil porosity is lower, but coarse porosity is more, and fine textured suil is contrary.Reunite good soil and loose soil (unit weight is lower) porosity is higher, and the ratio in the former thickness hole is applicable to the growth of crop.The soil of grogs dispersion and consolidation, porosity is low and pinhole is more.Soil porosity is not generally directly measured, and can be calculated and be tried to achieve by soil particle density and unit weight.2. testing result, as shown in table 4 below.
The changes of soil properties of table 4: embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
| ? | The content of organic matter | The bulk density of soil | |
| Embodiment | |||
| 1 | 48.54g/kg | 1.12g/cm 3 | 51.72 |
| Embodiment | |||
| 2 | 32.67g/kg | 1.29g/cm 3 | 48.37% |
Result shows: method of the present invention has effectively improved soil aeration ability and fertilizer-preserving ability, activates and increases soil fertility, and has improved soil physical and chemical property.
Although the specific embodiment of the present invention has obtained detailed description, it will be understood to those of skill in the art that.According to disclosed all instructions, can carry out various modifications and replacement to those details, these change all within protection scope of the present invention.Four corner of the present invention is provided by claims and any equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. improve a method for tobacco-growing soil, wherein, fertilizer is used in field.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described fertilizer is used as base manure.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the row replacement in field of described fertilizer; Particularly, at field center line fluting, use; Particularly, dark 5 centimeters, wide 10 centimeters; Preferably, for evenly using.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, the ridge body of described field is full curved; Preferably, the row spacing of field is 1.2 meters, 1 meter of row spacing, and ridge is high 0.3 meter.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, 3-14 days ridgings and/or fertilising before cigarette seed is planted or cultivates or transplant; Be preferably 5-10 days; More preferably 7 days.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, before cigarette seed is planted or cultivates or transplant, and/or before Term Fertilization, avoids Solanaceae and/or ground family crop.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, the fertilizer of using is military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the amount of Term Fertilization is 250-500 kg/acre; Be preferably 300-450 kg/acre; 350-400 kg/acre more preferably.
9. method according to claim 1, it comprises the steps:
(1) weeds in field and plant residue, after autumn harvest finishes, in conjunction with the large cleaning of field health, are removed in soil, reduce damage by disease and insect primary source of infection; Efficent rotation, previous crops is avoided Solanaceae, ground family crop;
(2) at first about the 7 days ridgings of earthing up of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, row spacing is 1.2 meters, 1 meter of row spacing, and ridge is high 0.3 meter, and ridge body is full curved;
(3) military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer is used as base manure; On field, slot dark 5 centimeters, wide 10 centimeters, fertilizer is evenly applied in cultivation field, after fertilising, with soil, fill out lid; Usage amount: 350-400 kg/acre.
10. a planting method of tobacco, it comprises the method described in any one in claim 1 to 9.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103907441A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-09 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Tobacco fertilization method capable of conserving tobacco-planting soil |
| CN104365208A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-25 | 河南农业大学 | Tobacco field soil improvement method |
| CN106471982A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Take into account soil quality and improve the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco |
| CN110547064A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | 湖南农业大学 | Tobacco planting soil acidification ecological resistance control and restoration method |
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| CN101054568A (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2007-10-17 | 周文彩 | Microorganism bacterium composition, special biological organic fertilizer for tobacco containing the same, preparation and use method for the microorganism bacterium composition |
| CN101659932A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2010-03-03 | 南京农业大学 | Antagonistic bacteria preventing and removing continuous cropping tobacco bacterial wilt and microbial organic fertilizer thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101054568A (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2007-10-17 | 周文彩 | Microorganism bacterium composition, special biological organic fertilizer for tobacco containing the same, preparation and use method for the microorganism bacterium composition |
| CN101659932A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2010-03-03 | 南京农业大学 | Antagonistic bacteria preventing and removing continuous cropping tobacco bacterial wilt and microbial organic fertilizer thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103907441A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-09 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Tobacco fertilization method capable of conserving tobacco-planting soil |
| CN104365208A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-25 | 河南农业大学 | Tobacco field soil improvement method |
| CN106471982A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Take into account soil quality and improve the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco |
| CN110547064A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | 湖南农业大学 | Tobacco planting soil acidification ecological resistance control and restoration method |
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