CN104365208A - Tobacco field soil improvement method - Google Patents
Tobacco field soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104365208A CN104365208A CN201410615136.3A CN201410615136A CN104365208A CN 104365208 A CN104365208 A CN 104365208A CN 201410615136 A CN201410615136 A CN 201410615136A CN 104365208 A CN104365208 A CN 104365208A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a tobacco field soil improvement method. The tobacco field soil improvement method is suitable for flue-cured tobacco planting regions in Chongqing, Henan, Shaanxi, Yunan, Guizhou and the like. The tobacco field soil improvement method includes the steps of sowing of ryegrass, turning and pressing of the ryegrass, application of a tobacco field conditioner, deduction of the tobacco fertilizing amount and the like. The proper green manure variety, the proper turning and pressing amount, the proper turning and pressing period and the proper turning and pressing mode which are needed when green manure is used for improving a tobacco field, the proper fertilizing amount after the green manure is turned and pressed and the like are utilized, the soil bulk density can be reduced, the soil porosity is increased, the soil organic matter content and the microbial population diversity are increased, water and soil loss of the tobacco field can be reduced, the effectiveness of soil nutrients is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased, the appearance quality of tobacco is improved, the first-class tobacco proportion is increased, the interior quality is improved, sustainable development of tobacco production is facilitated, and remarkable social benefits and economic benefits are generated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, be specifically related to a kind of tobacco field soil improvement method, be applicable to the tobacco planting regions such as Chongqing, Henan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou.
Background technology
Green manure utilize history very long, inorganic fertilizer promote before, the plantation of green manure, farmyard manure and other legumes and utilization, all the time as increase soil nutrient supply main source.China is the country that the Green manuring time limit is the longest, area is maximum, widest in area in the world, and according to incompletely statistics, nineteen fifty, national Green manuring area was 1,700,000 hm
2, average 57.6 hm
2arable land 1hm
2green manure; Within 1976, national Green manuring area about reaches 1,300 ten thousand hm
2, average 8 hm
2there is 1 hm in arable land
2green manure.After the eighties in 20th century, national Green manuring area is on a declining curve for various reasons.
Along with the development of chemical fertilizer industry, the same with the cereal crops such as wheat, corn, in the planting process of tobacco, the consumption of fertilizer declines rapidly, chemical fertilizer is used for a long time in a large number, make that the vega soil in Chinese most tobacco planting district hardens, basic fertility is on a declining curve, Soil degradation, loosely organized, soil organic matter content declines, and becomes the key factor that restriction Tobacco quality improves further.Simultaneously, China's vega continuous cropping is comparatively serious, and tobacco avoids succession crop, continuous cropping can cause tobacco-growing soil nutrient numerous imbalances, utilization rate of fertilizer reduces, and soil physico-chemical property and biological property worsen, and then reduce the resistance of tobacco, cause the serious generation of damage by disease and insect, the further raising of serious restriction yield of tobacco and quality.Therefore, how to improve current tobacco-growing soil present situation and become a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of tobacco field soil improvement method, effectively can solve the problem that vega soil is constantly degenerated, and crop rotation is realized to vega provide advantage, facilitate the sustainable development of leaf tobacco production, create significant Social benefit and economic benefit.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Design a kind of tobacco field soil improvement method, comprise the following steps:
(1) perennial ryegrass sowing: tobacco leaf pluck later stage or tobacco leaf gather in the crops whole ground after on the ridge body of vega or sow perennial ryegrass in furrow, seeding quantity is 40 ~ 50kg/hm
2, sowing depth 3 ~ 5 cm; Before sowing, soil inflitration is adjusted to 60% ~ 80wt%;
(2) perennial ryegrass turns over: before tobacco transplant 25 ~ 40 days, and turned over by perennial ryegrass into field, with dry weight basis, the amount of turning over is 4200 ~ 4800kg/ hm
2, preferred 4500kg/ hm
2, turning over the degree of depth is 10 ~ 20 cm, is conducive to perennial ryegrass decomposition and nutrients release; As soil moisture is not enough before turning over, light irrigation to relative moisture content to be 60% ~ 80%; After turning over 15 ~ 20 days, then carry out in advance wholely, to ensure that perennial ryegrass is fully become thoroughly decomposed decomposition; In advance wholely simultaneously by 2250 ~ 3750 ㎏/hm
2consumption apply vega conditioner, described vega conditioner is become by the mixed raw material of following weight portion: bagasse 4 ~ 5 parts, 5 ~ 10 parts, husk, conch meal 4 ~ 6 parts, polyacrylamide 6 ~ 9 parts, 2 ~ 6 parts, potassium nitrate, 10 ~ 15 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, borax 0.5 ~ 1.5 part, 0.5 ~ 2.5 part, zinc sulphate, 5 ~ 10 parts, lime and blast furnace slag 50 ~ 60 parts;
(3) tobacco fertilizing amount: because turning over of perennial ryegrass can bring the certain nutrient of soil into, especially N element, for preventing tobacco N element from using too much, should deduct the effective N element of the part of being brought into by perennial ryegrass (ignoring P, K nutrient brought into) in always needing N to measure; Perennial ryegrass dry weight × dry perennial ryegrass leaded wastewater × perennial ryegrass N element availability is measured=turned over to deduction N element, and perennial ryegrass nitrogen utilization efficiency is in 20% ~ 30%;
The same conventional treatment of other control measures.
Preferably, the described sowing time is that early September is to mid-November.
Preferably, before turning over field described in step (2), first perennial ryegrass smashed or be cut into 10 ~ 15cm, then turning over, being conducive to perennial ryegrass and being evenly distributed in soil and rotting to decompose.
Preferably, described perennial ryegrass dry weight defining method is: at Ryegrass Growth evenly and can represent the place of full field upgrowth situation, be taken to few energy 3 1m
2sampling point, perennial ryegrass is all extracted after removing foreign material, experiment determine vega unit are perennial ryegrass dry weight.
Preferably, in described step (2), evenly mix HA while turning over perennial ryegrass wherein to detonate bacterium, consumption is that 0.01 ~ 0.02%, HA of perennial ryegrass fresh weight amount bacterium of detonating can shorten perennial ryegrass and becomes thoroughly decomposed the time, perennial ryegrass of the present invention is rich in humus and amino acid after turning over and becoming thoroughly decomposed, can soil microbial activities be increased, regulate soil pH value, improve the content of the soil organic matter, play the effect of soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, improve the soil, support, strengthen crop to the absorbing capacity of various nutrient; Can soil-borne disease be suppressed, strengthen the resistance against diseases of cigarette strain, improve yield of tobacco and quality.
Preferably, described HA detonates after the fine earth of bacterium and its weight 1 ~ 2 times or rice chaff mixes, then mixes and turn over perennial ryegrass, is conducive to HA and detonates spreading fertilizer over the fields evenly of bacterium.
Described vega conditioner not only can improve soil acidification, absorption nutrient, also can prevent available nutrient to run off, and stimulates soil microbial activities, thus effectively control the harm of tobacco bacterial wilt, anthracnose, root black rot etc., cigarette strain rhizosphere growing environment is played to the effect of ecology regulation and control.
Positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is in conjunction with actual conditions, and according to long-term practical experience, research has summed up suitable green manure kind required when utilizing green manure improvement vega, the amount of turning over, turn over period, turn over mode, and the fertilizing amount etc. be suitable for after turning over green manure, effectively can solve the problem that vega soil is constantly degenerated, and crop rotation is realized to vega provide advantage, the bulk density of soil can be reduced, increase soil porosity, improve the diversity of soil organic matter content and microbial population, and vega water and soil loss can be reduced, improve validity and the utilization rate of fertilizer of soil nutrient, and then improve tobacco leaf presentation quality, first-class cigarette ratio and interior quality, promote the sustainable development of leaf tobacco production, produce significant Social benefit and economic benefit.
Embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
embodiment one
1. test site
Test arrangement is in Zhao Jia village, Wulong County, and the Zhao Jia village soil texture is paddy soil, height above sea level 1036 meters, east longitude 107 ° 33.588 ', and north latitude 29 ° 16.593 ', soil fertility is medium.
2. experimental scheme
Measuring perennial ryegrass water content is 80wt%, and the nutrient content in its dry sample is in table 1.
Table 1 perennial ryegrass dry sample nutrient content (%)
。
The fresh grass of the setting perennial ryegrass amount of turning over is respectively 7500 ㎏/hm
2, 15000 ㎏/hm
2, 22500 ㎏/hm
2, 30000 ㎏/hm
2four process (i.e. dry weight 1500 ㎏/hm
2, 3000 ㎏/hm
2, 4500 ㎏/hm
2, 6000 ㎏/hm
2), do not turn over the process of perennial ryegrass for contrast.
Test method comprises the following steps:
(1) perennial ryegrass sowing: September 20 on the ridge body of vega or sow perennial ryegrass in furrow, seeding quantity is 45kg/hm
2, sowing depth 3 ~ 5 cm; Before sowing, soil inflitration is adjusted to about 70%;
(2) perennial ryegrass turns over: at tobacco transplant first 30 days, is turned over by perennial ryegrass into field, and with dry weight basis, the amount of turning over adopts above-mentioned 4 process, and turning over the degree of depth is 10 ~ 20 cm, is conducive to perennial ryegrass decomposition and nutrients release; As soil moisture is not enough before turning over, light irrigation to relative moisture content to be 60% ~ 80%; After turning over 18 days, then carry out in advance wholely, to ensure that perennial ryegrass is fully become thoroughly decomposed decomposition; In advance wholely simultaneously by 3000 kg/hm
2consumption apply vega conditioner, described vega conditioner is become by the mixed raw material of following weight portion: bagasse 4.5 parts, 8 parts, husk, conch meal 5 parts, polyacrylamide 8 parts, 4 parts, potassium nitrate, 12 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, borax 1 part, 1.5 parts, zinc sulphate, 8 parts, lime and blast furnace slag 55 parts;
(3) tobacco fertilizing amount: because turning over of perennial ryegrass can bring the certain nutrient of soil into, especially N element, for preventing tobacco N element from using too much, should deduct the effective N element of the part of being brought into by perennial ryegrass (ignoring P, K nutrient brought into) in always needing N to measure; Perennial ryegrass dry weight × dry perennial ryegrass leaded wastewater × perennial ryegrass N element availability is measured=turned over to deduction N element, and perennial ryegrass nitrogen utilization efficiency is in 25%;
The same conventional treatment of other control measures.
Before turning over field described in step (2), first perennial ryegrass smashed or be cut into 10 ~ 15cm, then turning over, being conducive to perennial ryegrass and being evenly distributed in soil and rotting to decompose.Described perennial ryegrass dry weight defining method is: at Ryegrass Growth evenly and can represent the place of full field upgrowth situation, be taken to few energy 3 1m
2sampling point, perennial ryegrass is all extracted after removing foreign material, experiment determine vega unit are perennial ryegrass dry weight.In described step (2), evenly mix HA while turning over perennial ryegrass wherein and to detonate bacterium (Hebi City Hu Bang agricultural science and technology Cable companies of Henan Province produces, and the nation board HA of mutual nation-mutually detonates bacterium, and tobacco is special), consumption is 0.015% of perennial ryegrass fresh weight amount.Described HA detonates after the fine earth of bacterium and its weight 2 times or rice chaff mixes, then mixes and turn over perennial ryegrass, is conducive to HA and detonates spreading fertilizer over the fields evenly of bacterium.
3. results and analysis
3.1 turn over perennial ryegrass different times plant height compares
Table 2 turns over perennial ryegrass different times plant height and compares (unit: cm)
As shown in Table 2, when group, with perennial ryegrass 15000kg/ hm
2plant height is the highest, reaches 23.4cm, and the process of its excess-three is also higher than contrast; To maturing stage all process plant heights all more than 100cm, with 15000kg/ hm between four amounts of turning over
2process slightly low.
3.2 turn over perennial ryegrass different times waist leaf length compares
Table 3 turns over perennial ryegrass different times waist leaf length and compares (unit: cm)
As shown in Table 3, roll into a ball time four amounts of turning between with 15000kg/ hm
2process the longest, except 7500kg/ hm
2process a little less than outside contrast, its excess-three process waist leaf length is all greater than contrast; To the maturing stage respectively process waist leaf length all close to or more than 60cm, with 30000kg/hm
2processing the longest, is secondly 7500kg/ hm
2process, but all slightly lower than contrast.
3.3 turn over perennial ryegrass different times waist leaf width compares
Table 4 turns over perennial ryegrass different times waist leaf width and compares (unit: cm)
As shown in Table 4, when group, all process waist leaf width are all greater than contrast, and along with the increase of the amount of turning over, waist leaf width is substantially on a declining curve; Be increase trend to maturing stage four amount of turning over process waist leaf width, only have 30000kg/ hm
2process waist leaf width is greater than contrast, reaches 36.5cm.
3.4 turn over perennial ryegrass different times leaves number compares
Table 5 turns over perennial ryegrass different times leaves number and compares (unit: sheet/strain)
As shown in Table 5, when group, with perennial ryegrass 22500kg/ hm
2the number of sheets is maximum, is 12.2, and all the other amount of turning over process are the same with contrast, are 12; To the maturing stage respectively between the amount of turning over process with 22500kg/ hm
2with 30000kg/ hm
2the process number of sheets is maximum, is 21, and all the other amount of turning over process are the same with contrast.
3.5 perennial ryegrasses turn over latter 30 days unit weights, water-cut variation
Table 6 perennial ryegrass turns over latter 30 days and surveys unit weight, moisture content
As can be seen from Table 6, turn over the increase along with the amount of turning in latter 30 days, the bulk density of soil has a declining tendency, except 7500kg/ hm
2quite, all the other process bulk density of soil are significantly less than contrast for process and contrast; The soil moisture content also basic increase with the amount of turning over is in rising trend, higher than 33.96% of contrast.
3.6 perennial ryegrasses turn over latter 60 days and respectively process organic and organic carbon content
Table 7 perennial ryegrass turns over latter 60 days and respectively processes organic and Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen content
As shown in Table 7, the soil organic matter and organic carbon content increase with the increase of the amount of turning over.
3.7 perennial ryegrasses turn over latter 60 days and respectively process microbial biomass C and nitrate nitrogen content
Table 8 perennial ryegrass turns over latter 60 days and respectively processes microbial biomass C and nitrate nitrogen content
As can be seen from Table 8, turn over perennial ryegrass and respectively process microbial biomass C content all apparently higher than contrast, and substantially increase along with the increase of the amount of turning over; The nitrate nitrogen content the most easily absorbed for cigarette strain increases along with the increase of the amount of turning over.
3.8 turn over the impact of perennial ryegrass on roasting rear middle part tobacco leaf chemical composition
Table 9 turns over the impact (unit: %) of perennial ryegrass on roasting rear middle part tobacco leaf chemical composition
As shown in Table 9, significantly reduce middle leaf nicotine content after turning over perennial ryegrass, especially the amount of turning over is 22500kg/ hm
2process, nicotine remains on optimum range, and the amount of turning over is 30000kg/ hm
2process nicotine content lower than optimum range.
3.9 turn over perennial ryegrass causes perfumery component content impact on roasting rear middle part tobacco leaf neutrality
Table 10 turns over perennial ryegrass causes perfumery component content impact (unit: μ g/kg) on roasting rear middle part tobacco leaf neutrality
As can be seen from Table 10, neutrality causes phenyl alanine class material in perfumery with perennial ryegrass 15000kg/ hm
2the highest, be secondly perennial ryegrass 22500kg/ hm
2process, contrast be then minimum; Brownization product type is with perennial ryegrass 22500kg/ hm
2process the highest, be secondly perennial ryegrass 15000kg/ hm
2, be still this type of material in contrast minimum; Class western cypress alkanes material is the highest with contrast, is secondly perennial ryegrass 15000kg/ hm
2process, its excess-three process difference is little; Carotenoids material is perennial ryegrass 15000kg/ hm
2process the highest, contrast content is minimum, and its excess-three process difference is not obvious; Other class material is with perennial ryegrass 15000kg/ hm
2process the highest; Neophytadiene is also perennial ryegrass 15000kg/ hm
2process the highest, contrast minimum, and be starkly lower than the amount of turning over process.
3.10 turn over the impact of perennial ryegrass on cured tobacco leaf economic characters
Table 11 turns over the impact of perennial ryegrass on cured tobacco leaf economic characters
As can be seen from Table 11, each perennial ryegrass amount of turning over process output, the output value, average price all higher than contrast, all with perennial ryegrass 22500kg/ hm
2process the highest, 30000kg/ hm
2process poor.
4. conclusion
Growing and the index comprehensive such as quality, output, the output value, average price of cured tobacco leaf from cigarette strain, the amount of turning over is 22500kg/ hm
2best, the amount of turning over is less or more is all unfavorable for quality, output, the output value.
Claims (7)
1. a tobacco field soil improvement method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) perennial ryegrass sowing: tobacco leaf pluck later stage or tobacco leaf gather in the crops whole ground after on the ridge body of vega or sow perennial ryegrass in furrow, seeding quantity is 40 ~ 50kg/hm
2, sowing depth 3 ~ 5 cm; Before sowing, soil inflitration is adjusted to 60% ~ 80%;
(2) perennial ryegrass turns over: before tobacco transplant 25 ~ 40 days, and turned over by perennial ryegrass into field, with dry weight basis, the amount of turning over is 4200 ~ 4800kg/ hm
2, turning over the degree of depth is 10 ~ 20 cm; As soil moisture is not enough before turning over, light irrigation to relative moisture content to be 60% ~ 80%; After turning over 15 ~ 20 days, then carry out in advance wholely; In advance wholely simultaneously by 2250 ~ 3750 ㎏/hm
2consumption apply vega conditioner, described vega conditioner is become by the mixed raw material of following weight portion: bagasse 4 ~ 5 parts, 5 ~ 10 parts, husk, conch meal 4 ~ 6 parts, polyacrylamide 6 ~ 9 parts, 2 ~ 6 parts, potassium nitrate, 10 ~ 15 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, borax 0.5 ~ 1.5 part, 0.5 ~ 2.5 part, zinc sulphate, 5 ~ 10 parts, lime and blast furnace slag 50 ~ 60 parts;
(3) tobacco fertilizing amount: deduct the part of being brought into by perennial ryegrass effective N element during conventional fertilizer application in always needing N to measure, perennial ryegrass dry weight × dry perennial ryegrass leaded wastewater × perennial ryegrass N element availability is measured=turned over to deduction N element, and perennial ryegrass nitrogen utilization efficiency is in 20% ~ 30%.
2. tobacco field soil improvement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described sowing time is that early September is to mid-November.
3. tobacco field soil improvement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: perennial ryegrass turns over into field by step (2), and with dry weight basis, the amount of turning over is 4500kg/ hm
2.
4. tobacco field soil improvement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: before turning over field described in step (2), is first smashed by perennial ryegrass or is cut into 10 ~ 15cm, then turning over, and is conducive to perennial ryegrass and is evenly distributed in soil and rots to decompose.
5. tobacco field soil improvement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described perennial ryegrass dry weight defining method is: at Ryegrass Growth evenly and can represent the place of full field upgrowth situation, be taken to few energy 3 1m
2sampling point, perennial ryegrass is all extracted after removing foreign material, experiment determine vega unit are perennial ryegrass dry weight.
6. tobacco field soil improvement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), and evenly mix HA while turning over perennial ryegrass wherein and to detonate bacterium, consumption is 0.01 ~ 0.02% of perennial ryegrass fresh weight amount.
7. tobacco field soil improvement method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described HA detonates after the fine earth of bacterium and its weight 1 ~ 2 times or rice chaff mixes, then mixes and turn over perennial ryegrass.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104770188A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-15 | 湖南农业大学 | Planting, plowing and ridging method for green manure on tobacco stubble |
| CN104813769A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for ecologically improving tobacco-planting soil |
| CN105309082A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-02-10 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Comprehensive preventing and controlling method for tobacco bacterial wilt |
| CN105859479A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西省烟草公司汉中市公司 | Tobacco field soil improving method |
| CN106134562A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-11-23 | 河南农业大学 | Reduce the method along slope ridge culture vega soil erosion |
| CN106631619A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-10 | 河南艾农生物科技有限公司 | Special high-carbon based soil remediation fertilizer for tobacco fields and production method and application method thereof |
| CN106613291A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-05-10 | 青岛农业大学 | Green manure double-late and one-high planting technology of Shandong tobacco field |
| CN109429603A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-03-08 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | A method of vega soil is improved as green manure using polygonum flaccidum |
| CN110121974A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-16 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of construction method of the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field |
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| CN104813769A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for ecologically improving tobacco-planting soil |
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| CN106631619A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-10 | 河南艾农生物科技有限公司 | Special high-carbon based soil remediation fertilizer for tobacco fields and production method and application method thereof |
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| CN109429603A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-03-08 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | A method of vega soil is improved as green manure using polygonum flaccidum |
| CN109429603B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-09-07 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | Method for improving tobacco field soil by using polygonum hydropiper as green manure |
| CN110121974A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-16 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of construction method of the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field |
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