CN103609882B - A kind of fresh water crab feed with water purification function and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of fresh water crab feed with water purification function and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103609882B CN103609882B CN201310578964.XA CN201310578964A CN103609882B CN 103609882 B CN103609882 B CN 103609882B CN 201310578964 A CN201310578964 A CN 201310578964A CN 103609882 B CN103609882 B CN 103609882B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fresh water crab feed with water purification function and preparation method thereof, concrete steps are: prepare burden tea seed cake, fish meal, soya-bean cake, inferior powder, fish oil, binding agent, wheat bran etc. by a certain percentage (1). (2) feed is mixed by a certain percentage with " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid ", water content is adjusted to 40% left and right, anaerobic fermentation 3-4 days. (3) add 1% B B-complex, granulator granulation, dries, and water content is controlled at 10-12%. Advantage of the present invention is to have solved the single microbial inoculum water purification of current use poor stability, the replenish the calcium problem of the large polluted water of consumption of lime, and water purification, effect antibacterial, that replenish the calcium are more outstanding; Improve the utilization rate of feed, reduced the aquaculture water pollution that unnecessary feed causes; The function that feed has desinsection, antibacterial, water purification concurrently, replenishes the calcium, has improved the life condition of fresh water crab, has improved output, quality and culture benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fresh water crab feed, relate in particular to a kind of fresh water crab feed with water purification function andIts preparation method.
Background technology
Fresh water crab is nutritious, unique flavor, and extremely market favor, is the important aquaculture object of China.Along with utilizing rice field, pond, lake, river course cultivation fresh water crab, cultured area and production scale constantly expand,High-density breeding, throw in excessive bait and drug abuse, bring such as breeding environment and worsen, disease and pest is tightHeavy, water quality severe contamination, the problems such as deterioration in quality. But from the development trend of aquaculture, heightDensity, efficient, ecologic breeding are the directions of fresh water crab aquaculture from now on. How reasonable preparation feed, improvesIts utilization rate, minimizing feeding volume, efficient, fast processing aquaculture wastewater, makes it reach aquaculture pair simultaneouslyThe requirement of water quality, reduces disease and pest and occurs, and has become high density, efficient, ecologic breeding industry large-scale developmentKey.
In recent years, in order to adapt to the fresh water crab cultivation speed of development, solve natural material (soya bean, soya-bean cake,Dish cake, cottonseed cake, wheat class, material chaff, bean dregs, spill the plant feeds such as grain, residue of soya, peanut cake and spiral shell,The animal fodders such as a species of small clam living in fresh water, freshwater mussel, silkworm chrysalis, yellow meal worm, earthworm, small fish, fly maggot, livestock and poultry offal)Directly throw in and exist throw something and feed inconvenience, input amount of deposit receipt greatly, not absorbed by river crab or remain in a large number in water,Make Water Eutrophication cause the problem of crab quality, production declining, many artificial synthetic diets arise at the historic moment.Utilize that the additives such as vegetalitas and animal fodder and mineral matter, vitamin, zeolite powder are processed intoGrain feed, and slow down decomposition by coating, or by adding quick lime, complexing agent, chelating agent, precipitationTraditional water conditioners such as agent (as gypsum and alum), or add dusty yeast or marine alga one class containing photosyntheticThe material of bacterium, also has portioned product for directly adopting EM fabrication techniques or directly can having bought on the marketThe mixed fodder made of microbe additive (as " bacterium king "), apply these mixed fodders, certain journeyOn degree, make feed nutrition comprehensive, reduce at water stability enhancing, feeding volume. But adopt in mixed fodderRaw material and traditional water conditioner or single creature preparation or the EM etc. of interpolation, exist fungistatic effect poor,Effects of adjusting water is unstable, does not possess insecticidal function, and fresh water crab quality, output and purification of water quality all can not reachThe most excellent defect, in a word, does not also have at present the multifunctional feed of water purification, desinsection, disease-resistant and nutrition concurrently.
Tea seed cake is the byproduct after tea seed liquefaction, and abundant raw material, has very high nutritive value. Crude proteinContent is higher, its composition have 18 seed amino acids, particularly lysine and sulfur amino acid content higher, fermentationRear crude protein content is multiplied especially, its to foster battalion of aquatic products be worth will apparently higher than corn, wheat,Material chaff and wheat bran. Tea seed cake also contains the mineral nutrient elements such as abundant calcium, potassium, magnesium, fluorine, manganese, is onePlant the fresh water crab feed of high-quality. In tea seed cake, distinctive Tea Saponin can be used for removing the harmful fish in pond in addition,Kill the infusorian that colonizes in shrimp and crab shells and gill portion, the parasites such as Zoothamnium, peel adhesion is on pasture and water fastMud and sediment, play clean up the pond, desinsection, water purification effect. But because tea seed cake contains Tea Saponin, ifWorking concentration control is improper, can make fresh water crab death, therefore at present as seldom reporting on feed, generalOnly for cleaning up the pond before cultivating.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide in order to address the above problem a kind of fresh water crab with water purification functionFeed and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
The present invention comprises following formula by fresh water crab size:
(1) young crab feed is pressed its weight ratio: tea seed cake 10-15%, fish meal 40-35%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferiorPowder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 6.5%;
(2) in, crab feed is pressed its weight ratio: tea seed cake 15-20%, fish meal 25-20%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferiorPowder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 17.5%;
(3) become crab feed to press its weight ratio: tea seed cake 15-20%, fish meal 35-30%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferiorPowder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 6.5%.
Preparation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) first respectively the raw material in claim 1 is pulverized, binding agent is crossed 200 mesh sieves, all the other raw material mistakes80-100 mesh sieve, the requirement according to fresh water crab different times to feed, in the ratio described in claim 1Prepare and mix;
(2) anaerobic fermentation: add 1.0-2.0L chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium by the above-mentioned mixed fodder of 100kgLiquid, specifically, by the dilution of chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid, is evenly sprayed on the feed mixing, then willThe water content of mixed fodder is adjusted to 40% left and right, under 35-37 DEG C of condition, and anaerobic fermentation 3-4 days;
(3) granulation: add 0.1% B B-complex to be mixed even, granulator granulation, its particle diameter children crab feedFor particle diameter is 2-2.5mm, middle crab feed is that particle diameter is 3-3.5mm, and becoming crab feed is that particle diameter is 4-4.5mm,Dry, make the feed water content after granulation be controlled at 10-12%.
Particularly, described tea seed cake is the byproduct after tea seed liquefaction, and described binding agent was 200 mesh sievesAttapulgite; The bed mud that chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid in described step (2) is aquaculture pondIn the photosynthetic bacteria bacterial classification that filters out.
Chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid of the present invention adopts nutrient chemical: molasses 0.3gL-1, corn flour0.5g·L-1, ammonium sulfate 0.1gL-1, sodium acetate 0.08gL-1, magnesium sulfate 0.02gL-1And biphosphatePotassium 0.03gL-1There being anaerobism under illumination condition to cultivate, when photosynthetic bacteria quantity reaches 106cfuml-1Shi TianjiaEM stoste (1: 1; V: V) and fermentation medium, cultivate altogether at aerobic condition bottom fermentation, work as micro organism quantityReach 109cfuml-1Time, add quick lime, low whipping speed 220rpm-250rpm bar in fermentation tankPart bottom fermentation 3 days.
The addition manner of quick lime of the present invention is: initially add 0.5 ‰, 2 hours according to w: v meter to 2hAfter add 2.0 ‰, 36 hours according to w: v meter after adding 2.0 ‰, 24 hours according to w: v meter after according to w: vAfter adding 5.0 ‰, 48 hours, meter adds 5.5 ‰ according to w: v meter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is a kind of fresh water crab feed with water purification function and preparation method thereof, compared with prior art,(1) the invention solves the single microbial inoculum water purification of current use poor stability, the lime large polluted water of consumption of replenishing the calciumProblem, water purification, effect antibacterial, that replenish the calcium are more outstanding; (2) protein content of raising feed, addsSpeed protein, lipoid material hydrolysis, the utilization rate of raising feed, minimizing feed causes breeding water bodyPollute; (3) function that feed possesses desinsection, antibacterial, water purification simultaneously, replenishes the calcium, has improved the life of fresh water crabDeposit condition, yield and quality promotes, and culture benefit improves.
The present invention and conventional feed contrast, breeding pool Dissolved Oxygen in Water (DO) increases 29.5-48.7%, changesLearn oxygen demand (COD) decline 30.9-57.4%, TN decline 20.3-31.7%, TP decline 28.5-42.8%; ,Disease and pest obviously reduces, and survival rate improves, and the speed of growth is accelerated, listing in 7-10 days in advance, and output volume increase 15.6%,Delicious flavour.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described below:
The present invention comprises following formula by fresh water crab size:
(1) young crab feed is pressed its weight ratio: tea seed cake 10-15%, fish meal 40-35%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferiorPowder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 6.5%;
(2) in, crab feed is pressed its weight ratio: tea seed cake 15-20%, fish meal 25-20%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferiorPowder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 17.5%;
(3) become crab feed to press its weight ratio: tea seed cake 15-20%, fish meal 35-30%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferiorPowder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 6.5%.
Preparation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) first respectively the raw material in claim 1 is pulverized, binding agent is crossed 200 mesh sieves, all the other raw material mistakes80-100 mesh sieve, the requirement according to fresh water crab different times to feed, in the ratio described in claim 1Prepare and mix;
(2) anaerobic fermentation: add 1.0-2.0L chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium by the above-mentioned mixed fodder of 100kgLiquid, specifically, by the dilution of chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid, is evenly sprayed on the feed mixing, then willThe water content of mixed fodder is adjusted to 40% left and right, under 35-37 DEG C of condition, and anaerobic fermentation 3-4 days;
(3) granulation: add 0.1% B B-complex to be mixed even, granulator granulation, its particle diameter children crab feedFor particle diameter is 2-2.5mm, middle crab feed is that particle diameter is 3-3.5mm, and becoming crab feed is that particle diameter is 4-4.5mm,Dry, make the feed water content after granulation be controlled at 10-12%.
Tea seed cake of the present invention is the byproduct after tea seed liquefaction, and described binding agent was 200 mesh sievesAttapulgite; In the bed mud that chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid in described step (2) is aquaculture pondThe photosynthetic bacteria bacterial classification filtering out.
Chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid of the present invention adopts nutrient chemical: molasses 0.3gL-1, corn flour0.5g·L-1, ammonium sulfate 0.1gL-1, sodium acetate 0.08gL-1, magnesium sulfate 0.02gL-1And biphosphatePotassium 0.03gL-1There being anaerobism under illumination condition to cultivate, when photosynthetic bacteria quantity reaches 106cfuml-1Shi TianjiaEM stoste (1:1; And fermentation medium V:V), cultivate altogether at aerobic condition bottom fermentation, work as micro organism quantityReach 109cfuml-1Time, add quick lime, low whipping speed 220rpm-250rpm bar in fermentation tankPart bottom fermentation 3 days.
The addition manner of quick lime of the present invention is: initially add 0.5 ‰, 2 hours according to w: v meter to 2hAfter add 2.0 ‰, 36 hours according to w:v meter after adding 2.0 ‰, 24 hours according to w: v meter after according to w:vAfter adding 5.0 ‰, 48 hours, meter adds 5.5 ‰ according to w:v meter.
" young crab " feed ingredient is as table 1
The young crab mixed feed of table 1 component
Children crab feed making method: by dry matter weight, by tea seed cake, fish meal, soya-bean cake, inferior powder, fishAfter oil, binding agent, wheat bran are pulverized respectively, binding agent is crossed 200 mesh sieves, and remaining crosses 100 mesh sieves, by table 1In ratio weigh up, mix, example 1-2 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " 1.0L, example3-4 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " 1.5L, and example 5-6 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacteriumLiquid " 2.0L, its method is by " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " dilution, is evenly sprayed at raising of mixingOn material, and the water content of mixed fodder is adjusted to 40% left and right, under 35-37 DEG C of condition, anaerobic fermentation 4My god, add afterwards 0.1% B B-complex to be mixed even, granulator granulation, particle diameter is 2-2.5mm, dries,Water content is at 10-12%.
" middle crab " feed ingredient is as table 2
Crab mixed feed component in table 2
Middle crab feed making method: by dry matter weight, by tea seed cake, fish meal, soya-bean cake, inferior powder, fishAfter oil, binding agent, wheat bran are pulverized respectively, binding agent is crossed 200 mesh sieves, and remaining crosses 80 mesh sieves, by table 2In ratio weigh up, mix, example 7-8 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " 1.0L, example9-10 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " 1.5L, and example 11-12 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactiveBacterium liquid " 2.0L, its method is that " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " is watered, and is evenly sprayed to mixOn feed, and the water content of mixed fodder is adjusted to 40% left and right, under 35-37 DEG C of condition, ferments 3 days,Add afterwards 0.1% B B-complex to be mixed even, granulator granulation, particle diameter is 3-3.5mm, dries, and containsThe water yield is at 10-12%.
" one-tenth crab " feed ingredient is as table 3
Table 3 becomes crab mixed feed component
Become crab feed (example 13-18) preparation method: by dry matter weight, by tea seed cake, fish meal, beansAfter cake, inferior powder, fish oil, binding agent, wheat bran are pulverized respectively, binding agent is crossed 200 mesh sieves, and remaining crosses 80Mesh sieve, weighs up in the ratio in table 3, mixes, and example 13-14 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacteriumLiquid " 1.0L, example 15-16 adds " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " 1.5L, and example 17-18 adds " chelaClose state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " 2.0L, its method is that " chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid " is watered, evenlyBe sprayed on the feed mixing, and the water content of mixed fodder is adjusted to 40% left and right, at 35-37 DEG C of barUnder part, ferment 4 days, add afterwards 0.1% B B-complex to be mixed even, granulator granulation, particle diameter is4-4.5mm, dries, and water content is at 10-12%.
The feed making by above method, the fresh water crab of producing with Kangda Forage Co., Ltd., Huaian respectivelyFeed in contrast, under the condition of the bait such as input, cultivates relatively, measure its crab survival rate,Disease and pest, the speed of growth, output, purifying water effect etc., result shows: feed indices of the present invention is all excellentIn control feed, wherein young crab feed is taking example 4 as excellent, and middle crab feed, taking example 10 as excellent, becomes crab feedTaking example 16 as excellent. The feed that example 4, example 10, example 16 are made cultivates for fresh water crab, withKangda Forage Co., Ltd., Huaian produce fresh water crab feed in contrast, under the condition of the bait such as inputFurther relatively, the results are shown in Table 4, table 5.
The impact of table 4 different disposal on fresh water crab survival rate, disease and pest, the speed of growth, output
Table 4 result shows: invention feed is compared with control feed, and the disease and pest of fresh water crab reduces; The speed of growthAccelerate, 7-10 days ahead of time goes on the market; Output improves, volume increase 15.6%. Greatly improve culture benefit.
Table 5 different disposal different times water quality monitoring result
Table 5 result shows: the DO that cultivates former water is 3.8mg/L, and COD is 16.5mg/L, and TN is 1.23Mg/L, TP is 0.07mg/L, and pH is 7.5, and aquaculture water has belonged to slight pollution. Invention feed cultivation fresh waterCrab, in whole breeding process, DO increases, and COD, TN, TP all decline, and pH changes little, waterMatter reaches aquaculture water standard. Control feed cultivation fresh water crab, in whole breeding process, although indicesAlso be better than former water, but invention feed is by comparison than, different times, the DO of invention feed increases respectively 12.3%,16.2%, 11.3%, COD declines respectively 16.2%, 10.3%, 11.6%, TN declines respectively 6.8%, 16.9%,8.7%, TP declines respectively 20.0%, 20.0%, 16.0%, and purifying water effect is obviously better than control feed.
Above a kind of fresh water crab feed provided by the present invention and preparation method thereof is described in detail, and shouldWith specific case principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is justBe used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art,According to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications this descriptionContent should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a fresh water crab feed with water purification function, is characterized in that: comprise following formula by fresh water crab size:
(1) young crab feed is pressed its weight ratio: tea seed cake 10-15%, fish meal 35-40%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferior powder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 6.5%;
(2) in, crab feed is pressed its weight ratio: tea seed cake 15-20%, fish meal 20-25%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferior powder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 17.5%;
(3) become crab feed to press its weight ratio: tea seed cake 15-20%, fish meal 30-35%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferior powder 20%, fish oil 2%, binding agent 1.5%, wheat bran 6.5%;
The preparation method of above-mentioned formula comprises the following steps:
(1) first respectively the raw material of above-mentioned formula is pulverized, binding agent is crossed 200 mesh sieves, and all the other raw materials are crossed 80-100 mesh sieve, and the requirement according to fresh water crab different times to feed prepares and mixes in the ratio of above-mentioned formula;
(2) anaerobic fermentation: add 1.0-2.0L chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid by the above-mentioned mixed fodder of 100kg, specifically chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid is diluted, evenly be sprayed on the feed mixing, again the water content of mixed fodder is adjusted to 40% left and right, under 35-37 DEG C of condition, anaerobic fermentation 3-4 days;
(3) granulation: add 0.1% B B-complex to be mixed even, granulator granulation, its particle diameter children crab feed is that particle diameter is 2-2.5mm; middle crab feed is that particle diameter is 3-3.5mm; becoming crab feed is that particle diameter is 4-4.5mm, dries, and makes the feed water content after granulation be controlled at 10-12%.
2. the fresh water crab feed with water purification function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tea seed cake is the byproduct after tea seed liquefaction.
3. the fresh water crab feed with water purification function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described binding agent was the attapulgite of 200 mesh sieves.
4. the fresh water crab feed with water purification function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described chelating state calcium composite reactive bacterium liquid adopts nutrient chemical: molasses 0.3gL-1, corn flour 0.5gL-1, ammonium sulfate 0.1gL-1, sodium acetate 0.08gL-1, magnesium sulfate 0.02gL-1With potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03gL-1There being anaerobism under illumination condition to cultivate, when photosynthetic bacteria quantity reaches 106cfu·mL-1Shi Tianjia EM stoste and fermentation medium, cultivate altogether at aerobic condition bottom fermentation, when micro organism quantity reaches 109cfu·mL-1Time, add quick lime, low whipping speed 220rpm-250rpm condition bottom fermentation 3 days in fermentation tank.
5. the fresh water crab feed with water purification function according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the addition manner of described quick lime is: initially add 0.5 ‰ according to w:v meter to 2h, after 2 hours, add 2.0 ‰ according to w:v meter, after 24 hours, add 2.0 ‰ according to w:v meter, after adding 5.0 ‰, 48 hours according to w:v meter after 36 hours, add 5.5 ‰ according to w:v meter.
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| CN104957440A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-10-07 | 镇江市丹徒区高桥镇大沙水产养殖专业合作社 | Pollution-free feed for hairy crabs |
| CN106306597A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-11 | 湖南金欧农业科技有限公司 | Feedstuff for killing fish and protecting crayfishes and the preparation method thereof |
| CN107156541A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of water adjusting agent used for aquiculture |
| CN108094754A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 镇江华优生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of young extremely detains the mixed feed in crab stage and preparation method thereof |
| CN108094753A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 镇江华优生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of button crab high calcium fermented feed |
| CN109198270A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 鲍源 | A kind of button crab feed and preparation method thereof |
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