CN103597419A - 燃料电池功率设备控制 - Google Patents

燃料电池功率设备控制 Download PDF

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CN103597419A
CN103597419A CN201180069671.8A CN201180069671A CN103597419A CN 103597419 A CN103597419 A CN 103597419A CN 201180069671 A CN201180069671 A CN 201180069671A CN 103597419 A CN103597419 A CN 103597419A
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J.D.奥奈尔
T.W.小帕特森
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Audi AG
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Abstract

基于所提供的功率来控制燃料电池功率设备的示例方法包括:响应于由所述燃料电池功率设备提供的功率、由所述燃料电池功率设备提供的电流、或电压衰减速率中的至少一个来选择性地改变可变电阻装置的电阻。

Description

燃料电池功率设备控制
技术领域
本公开内容涉及基于由燃料电池功率设备提供的电功率来控制燃料电池功率设备。
背景技术
燃料电池功率设备是公知的。电池堆组件和其他已知部件以公知的方式操作,以提供电功率。燃料电池功率设备的应用多种多样。取决于安装,需要不同燃料电池功率设备的不同特征和功能。
燃料电池功率设备中的电池具有电压。电池中的碳在相对高的电压下能腐蚀。电池中的铂在相对高的电压下能溶解。一些燃料电池功率设备组件包括限压装置,该限压装置限制或钳制电池的电压。限制该电压减少碳腐蚀和铂溶解。虽然该方法被证实是有用的,但是存在一些限制。
例如,限压装置趋于设计用于一种具体类型的燃料电池功率设备并且仅用于一种操作条件。此外,如果电压限制值太低,那么燃料电池堆组件将更低效,尤其在燃料电池堆组件的寿命开始时在燃料电池堆经历大量衰减之前。
发明内容
示例燃料电池功率设备控制装置包括电池堆组件,该电池堆组件提供电功率流。可变电阻装置与所述电池堆组件操作关联。所述可变电阻装置具有可选择性变化的电阻。控制器自动地选择所述电阻装置的电阻,以将所述电功率的电流或所述电功率的功率水平保持在期望水平。
另一示例燃料电池功率设备控制装置包括:电池堆组件,该电池堆组件提供电功率;以及传感器装置,所述传感器装置构造成感测功率的功率水平。可变电阻装置与所述电池堆组件操作关联。所述可变电阻装置具有可选择性变化的电阻。控制器控制所述电阻装置的电阻,以将所述功率保持在期望水平。
基于所提供的功率来控制燃料电池功率设备的示例方法包括:响应于由所述燃料电池功率设备提供的功率、由所述燃料电池功率设备提供的电流、或电压衰减速率中的至少一个来选择性地改变所述可变电阻装置的电阻。
各个特征和优势对于本领域技术人员来说从下述详细说明将显而易见。伴随该详细说明的附图可简要地被描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了提供电功率流的示例燃料电池功率设备的选定部分。
图2是概述一个示例控制方法的流程图,所述控制方法包括保持图1中的电功率的电流水平。
图3是示出了用于图2的控制方法中的一个示例控制信号的时序图。
图4以图形形式示出了在图1的燃料电池功率设备的寿命中的电阻。
图5以图形形式示出了在图1的燃料电池功率设备的寿命中的电压衰减。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了示例燃料电池功率设备20的选定部分,包括电池堆组件(CSA)22和可变电阻装置24。在该示例中,CSA 22与可变电阻装置24操作关联。CSA 22例如以已知的方式沿路径26提供电功率至电池30。可变电阻装置24布置成与沿路径26提供给电池30的电功率并联。
在该示例中,传感器28构造成感测沿路径26提供的功率的电流水平。传感器28所感测的电流是提供给可变电阻装置24以及提供给电池30的电流之和。从本公开内容受益的本领域技术人员会理解如何利用传感器28来感测电流水平。如将阐述的,一些示例可不包括传感器28。
示例传感器28构造成与控制器32通信。在该示例中,控制器32响应于传感器28所感测的电流水平来选择性地控制可变电阻装置24的电阻。更具体地,控制器32将传感器28所感测的电流水平与阈值电流值比较,并且然后需要的话调节电流水平以满足或超过该阈值电流值。控制器32通过改变例如可变电阻装置24的电阻来调节电流水平。由于传感器28所感测的电流是提供给可变电阻装置24以及提供给电池30的电流之和,因此CSA 22所提供的总电流将不会下降低于该阈值电流值。
在一个示例中,控制器32的存储器部分34存储阈值电流值。示例存储器部分34还包括诸如查询表的数据库或信息,该查询表包括相应电阻值,该相应电阻值应当由控制器32选择以例如实现期望电流调节。
在另一示例中,响应于由控制器32基于由合适传感器提供的电压和电流信息来计算的功率水平,控制器32选择性地控制可变电阻装置24的电阻。控制器32可将计算的功率水平与存储在存储器部分34中的阈值功率水平比较。
特别地,电流水平和计算的功率水平并不是CSA 22的直接操作条件,而相反是由CSA 22提供的功率的特征。
图2包括概述一个示例方法的控制方法40的流程图,示例控制器32采用该方法来选择可变电阻装置24的合适电阻。在该示例中,方法40包括步骤42,在这里控制器32确定从CSA 22沿路径26流动的电流的电流水平。在步骤44,控制器32将感测电流水平与阈值电流值比较。取决于感测电流水平和阈值电流值之间的差,控制器32在步骤46可调节可变电阻装置24的电阻。控制器32调节该电阻,使得感测电流水平满足或超过阈值电流值。
在一个具体示例中,阈值电流值是60 mA/cm2并且感测电流值是55 mA/cm2。在于步骤44进行比较之后,控制器32向可变电阻装置发送控制信号,该控制信号减少该可变电阻装置的电阻,直到感测电流值满足或超过60 mA/cm2。其他示例可包括在10和50 mA/cm2之间的阈值电流值。
在所示示例中,控制器32能够以多种不同的方式来控制可变电阻装置24的电阻。如在48处示意性地示出的,电阻可被选择并保持在稳定值,以改变感测电流水平。替代地,如在50处示意性地示出的,控制器32动态地改变电阻以改变感测电流水平。
在一个示例中,控制器32使用控制信号以选择性地改变可变电阻装置的电阻。在如图3中示意性地示出的图示示例中,控制信号70包括多个脉冲72、74、76、78、80等。在该示例中,控制器32使用对控制信号70的脉宽调制,以选择性地改变可变电阻装置24所提供的电阻。
示例控制信号中的脉冲72-80具有逐渐变短的接通持续时间。如能够理解的,并且如图4中以图形方式示出的,以这种方式选择性地改变控制信号70的占空比减少了在功率设备20的寿命中可变电阻装置24的电阻。特别地,电阻的减少与CSA 22的电压衰减模型成比例。
在一个示例中,控制器32执行存储在存储器部分34中的程序。该程序响应于通电时间(loadhour)而不是响应于CSA 22所提供的电流或电压的变化来逐渐减少电阻。在这种示例中,控制器32被编程以逐渐地减少电阻,从而跟踪CSA 22的典型电压衰减。控制器32不必依赖于传感器28,而相反会自动地减少电阻。
在一个示例中,可变电阻装置24包括电阻和诸如MOSFET的多个开关,所述开关布置成对来自控制器32的控制信号作出响应,使得基于选定脉宽调制来操作不同开关实现可变电阻装置24所提供的期望电阻。在给出该说明的情况下,本领域技术人员将能够选择合适可变电阻装置和合适控制装置以满足其具体需求。
所公开示例的特征包括控制CSA内的电阻,使得CSA提供最小电流或最小功率。在所公开的示例中,保持最小电流或最小功率比例如钳制CSA内的电压更有效。
前述说明本质上是示例性而非限制性的。所公开示例的变形和修改对于本领域技术人员来说可以变得很明显。法律保护范围可仅通过研究下述权利要求来确定。

Claims (16)

1.一种燃料电池功率设备,所述燃料电池功率设备包括:
电池堆组件,所述电池堆组件提供电功率流;
可变电阻装置,所述可变电阻装置与所述电池堆组件操作关联,所述可变电阻装置具有可选择性变化的电阻;以及
控制器,所述控制器自动地选择所述电阻装置的电阻,以将所述电功率流的电流或功率水平中的至少一个保持在期望水平。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述控制器构造成以与所述电池堆组件的电压衰减速率相对应的速率自动地减少选定电阻。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述选定电阻与所述电池堆组件的电压衰减速率成比例。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述控制器构造成基于所述电流与存储在存储器中的阈值电流的比较来选择电阻。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述控制器构造成响应于如下条件来选择电阻,所述条件并不是所述电池堆组件的直接操作条件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述可变电阻装置与所述电池堆组件电联接。
7.一种燃料电池功率设备,所述燃料电池功率设备包括:
电池堆组件,所述电池堆组件提供电功率流;
传感器装置,所述传感器装置构造成感测电功率流;
可变电阻装置,所述可变电阻装置与所述电池堆组件操作关联,所述可变电阻装置具有可选择性变化的电阻;以及
控制器,所述控制器控制所述电阻装置的电阻,以维持所述电功率处于期望水平或所述电功率的电流处于期望水平中的至少一个。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述控制器构造成当所述电池堆组件衰减时减少所述选定电阻。
9.根据权利要求7所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述选定电阻与所述电池堆组件的电压衰减速率成比例。
10.根据权利要求7所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述控制器构造成响应于如下条件来选择电阻,所述条件并不是所述电池堆组件的直接操作条件。
11.根据权利要求7所述的燃料电池功率设备,其中,所述可变电阻装置与所述电池堆组件电联接。
12.一种控制燃料电池功率设备的方法,所述方法包括:
响应于由所述燃料电池功率设备提供的功率、由所述燃料电池功率设备提供的电流或电压衰减速率中的至少一个来选择性地改变可变电阻装置的电阻。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,包括:
改变所述电阻以将所述功率和所述电流中的至少一个保持在期望值。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,包括:
其中,选定电阻以与所述可变电阻装置的衰减速率成比例的速率来增加。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述功率和所述电流并不是所述电池堆组件的直接操作条件。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,包括自动地减少所述电阻。
CN201180069671.8A 2011-03-29 2011-03-29 燃料电池功率设备控制 Expired - Fee Related CN103597419B (zh)

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