CN103582707A - 一种热成型和硬化钢板坯料的方法 - Google Patents

一种热成型和硬化钢板坯料的方法 Download PDF

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CN103582707A
CN103582707A CN201280027136.0A CN201280027136A CN103582707A CN 103582707 A CN103582707 A CN 103582707A CN 201280027136 A CN201280027136 A CN 201280027136A CN 103582707 A CN103582707 A CN 103582707A
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temperature
product
instrument
bainite
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K·埃里克森
J·拉尔森
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Gestamp Hardtech AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite

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Abstract

将钢板坯料加热到奥氏体范围并在冷却的工具对中成形，该工具对使所成形的产品快速冷却，直到该产品的温度下降到略低于马氏体形成开始温度Ms。快速中断冷却并升高产品温度直到其超过Ms并将其维持在该温度直到材料变为含有大于50体积％的贝氏体。在Ms温度之下的短时间有利于贝氏体形成并且缩短保温时间。

Description

一种热成型和硬化钢板坯料的方法
发明领域
本发明涉及一种热成型和硬化钢板坯料的方法，该方法通过在工具对中将加热至奥氏体范围的材料成形，所述工具对使成型的产品快速冷却。
发明背景
在汽车工业中，高强度钢的产品正被越来越多地使用，利用应力硬化（stress hardening）技术对所述产品成形和硬化，即，将可硬化硼钢的钢板坯料加热至奥氏体范围内，并且在冷却的工具对中成形，以所述工具对作为夹具保持在工具对中持续几秒钟，使得所成形的产品获得的马氏体组织。该工艺产生高于1400MPa的拉伸强度。随后的加工（例如冲孔或边缘的激光切割）作用于硬化材料上，但有时防止随后被加工部分的快速冷却以避免对完全硬化材料的加工。
具有贝氏体组织的钢可以具有与利用应力硬化工艺获得的钢大致相同的高拉伸强度，但是贝氏体组织的韧性和延性大于马氏体组织。US6,149,743描述了一种贝氏体硬化的方法。材料快速从奥氏体范围快速冷却到略高于Ms（马氏体形成开始的温度）并且将该温度保持约10小时，并且在该保持时间即将结束时，将温度升高以便缩短硬化时间。该工艺可用于滚柱轴承。
发明目的
本发明的一个目的是以经济的方式制造具有比利用常规应力硬化制造的产品更好的材料性能的产品。另一个目的是在产品完全硬化之前创造后续加工的可能性。
发明概述
所形成的产品快速冷却，直到该产品的温度下降到低于马氏体形成开始的温度，然后升高产品温度直至其超过马氏体形成开始温度，并维持在该温度直到贝氏体形成。可选择马氏体形成和贝氏体形成的时间和温度，使得材料变为含有大于50体积％的贝氏体。成形和快速冷却需要几秒钟，而保持加热需要几分钟。用于保持加热的时间（保温时间）可被用于后续加工，例如边缘切割。
附图说明
图1是对于依照本发明的工艺实例的时间-温度坐标图。
图2是显示工艺的框图。
发明详述
图2示出的框图具有：在炉中的奥氏体阶段11，在冷却的成形工具中的成形阶段12，以及随后的在炉中的温度保持13。
图1中的关于依照本发明的工艺实例的温度曲线示出了第一部分20，该部分是在炉中将坯料加热到奥氏体范围。材料向冷却的成型工具对的移动（温度曲线中的曲线部分21）通常需要5-10秒，并且带来小的温度降低。冷工具对中的成形是在1秒或数秒的数量级内，但该产品必须保持在工具中直到它被快速冷却至略低于Ms（马氏体形成开始温度）。马氏体的形成是瞬时的，并且是温度的函数但不是时间的函数。相应地以作为夹具的所述工具对进行这种冷却。所述成形和快速冷却被命名为22。将产品从工具对中快速取出，从而马氏体的开始形成产生热量并带来温度上升23，该温度可能会超过Ms。可以使用另外的热量，例如感应热或辐射热，以便使温度快速上升超过Ms。然后将产品转移到炉中，其中将产品维持在略微高于Ms的相当均匀的温度持续若干分钟，如曲线部分24所示。随后在空气中将产品冷却（这由虚线部分25表示），或者被加速冷却（如曲线部分26所示）。
马氏体形成的开始有利于贝氏体的形成并且用于贝氏体形成的保温时间被缩短，通常小于半小时或低于10分钟，或甚至低于1分钟。这是经济工艺的先决条件。可以通过选择温度比Ms低多少来确定马氏体的量。可以使贝氏体形成的温度变化几十度并因此可以使用保温时间以便于有利于在材料达到其完全硬度之前进行的后续加工（例如边缘切割），因为这减少了对工具的磨损并且也减少了裂缝萌生以及当使用该产品时裂缝后续形成的风险。也可以将后续加工合并到成形工具中以及合并在曲线部分22中，也就是说，它可以在马氏体形成之前或期间进行。
在调整的工艺中，产品可以在第一工具对中成形并冷却到略高于Ms，然后可以将成形的产品转移到第二工具对，所述第二工具作为夹具并且将产品冷却降至略低于Ms。该第二工具对可以同时进行后续加工，例如边缘切割，随后将产物转移到用于维持加热的炉中。作为替代，可将随后的加工合并在所述第一工具对中。这两个工具对可同时工作，这缩短了循环时间。
在常规的应力硬化中使用硼钢，也就是具有硼的碳-锰钢，其完全硬化成马氏体。碳-硅-锰钢可被适宜地用于本发明的工艺。该钢可以具有0.2-0.3重量％的碳含量、1-2重量％的锰含量和1-2重量％的硅含量。此外，可以存在铬和其它常规合金物质，其总含量小于1重量％。硅防止渗碳体的分离并产生所需的显微组织。

Claims (7)

1.一种热成型和硬化钢板坯料的方法，该方法通过在工具对中将加热至奥氏体范围的坯料成形，所述工具对使成形产品快速冷却，其特征在于使成形的产品冷却直到产品温度低于马氏体形成开始温度Ms，然后升高产品温度直至其超过马氏体形成开始温度，并保持为热使得贝氏体形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于将所述升高的加热维持1-20分钟的保温时间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于选择温度使得材料含有大于50体积%的贝氏体。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的方法，其特征在于成形的产品随后直接在所述工具对中被加工。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于在第一工具对中将材料冷却并成型直至超过Ms的温度，并然后将成型的坯料转移到第二工具对并以该工具对作为夹具进一步冷却到低于Ms的温度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于成形的产品在第一工具对中被后续加工。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于成形的产品在第二工具对中被后续加工。
CN201280027136.0A 2011-07-06 2012-07-04 一种热成型和硬化钢板坯料的方法 Pending CN103582707A (zh)

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PCT/SE2012/000104 WO2013006108A1 (en) 2011-07-06 2012-07-04 A method of hot-shaping and hardening a sheet steel blank

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