CN103563534A - Integrated fertilizer-water-gas application method for greenhouse cucumbers - Google Patents
Integrated fertilizer-water-gas application method for greenhouse cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN103563534A CN103563534A CN201310486109.6A CN201310486109A CN103563534A CN 103563534 A CN103563534 A CN 103563534A CN 201310486109 A CN201310486109 A CN 201310486109A CN 103563534 A CN103563534 A CN 103563534A
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Abstract
The invention provides an integrated fertilizer-water-gas application method for greenhouse cucumbers. The method comprises the following steps: adding ammonium bicarbonate into an electro-thermal reactor; conveying CO2 and ammonia gas, which are generated by heating, into an acid storage barrel containing dilute sulfuric acid through a pipeline channel, wherein the ammonia gas is absorbed by the dilute sulfuric acid to generate ammonium sulfate; conveying the CO2 to the canopies of the cucumbers through a hose for photosynthetic growth of the cucumbers; diluting the ammonium sulfate, which is generated by reaction, with water to directly serve as liquid fertilizer, or adding potassium sulfate to the ammonium sulfate and then performing dilution with water to form liquid fertilizer, and irrigating and fertilizing the roots of the greenhouse cucumbers. According to the method, CO2 gas fertilizer, the liquid fertilizer and water can be simultaneously applied to the greenhouse vegetable, and the root zones are oxygenated; during irrigation, available nitrogen, potash fertilizer or oxygen is supplied to the root zones of the vegetable, the growth of plants is well promoted, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plants are facilitated. The method has an environment-friendly effect, the low-cost combinative application of fertilizer-water to the vegetable is effectively solved, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, the waste is reduced, and a vegetable rhizosphere environment is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to industrialized agriculture field, specifically, the rich water gas integral application process that relates to vegetative growth phase after greenhouse cucumber field planting and/or the picking time of bearing fruit.
Background technology
Cucumber be China's greenhouse by solar heat autumn and winter stubble and early spring stubble one of main cultivation vegetable crop, have that growth is fast, output high feature, so its normal light symphysis length requires in air, there is higher CO
2concentration and sufficient rich water.Between compensation concentration and saturated concentration, CO
2concentration is higher, and photosynthetic rate is higher, and effect of increasing production is more obvious.At present, enrich CO
2the method of gas mainly contains: 1, solid-state CO
2application method; 2, liquid CO
2; 3, coal combustion or coke; 4, combustion fluid liquefied oil gas; 5, burning anthracite oil; 6, burning biogas; 7, applying organic manure; 8, chemical reaction method.
Protected Production of Vegetables enriches CO
2technology is one of important technique measure realizing vegetables high yield and high quality.Abroad to CO
2early, particularly the application of the soilless culture developed country such as Dutch, Canadian is more general in fertilizer practice research, and effect of increasing production is fairly obvious.China is due to technical conditions, economic level, CO
2the reason restrictions such as source, the speed of applying of this technology is still slower.In recent years, along with facility cultivation area sharply expands, CO in facility
2fertilising, as a high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant technical measures, more and more receives horticulture person and numerous vegetable growers' concern.
Integrative using fertilizer, water and air for facility vegetables method is based on solving the problem of the low-cost air feed of greenhouse by solar heat and the utilization of chemical method reactant liquor; Both improved fertilizer efficiency, and dealt carefully with again the low-cost rich water of cucumber and joined the problem of executing, easy operating; Do not produce any bazardous waste, meet the needs of environmental protection and the ecological agriculture; Water supply as required, fertilizer, air feed; Improved significantly vegetables rhizospheric environment; Be suitable for day-light greenhouse overwintering cultivation application, also can be applicable to large-scale attached-greenhouse and spring and autumn booth, reach the object of volume increase.
Since the nineties in last century, comparatively systematic research is being done aspect the collaborative yield increasing effect of liquid manure by China, and rich water integrative technology is widely used, but fertilizer, water, gas integral are used and studied and raw material proportioning is still in the junior stage.CO
2, the fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium can make a significant impact cucumber growth and output, join and execute the improper rich water waste that not only can cause, also can cause the decline of vegetables excessive growth and yield and quality, and cause groundwater contamination, the soil salinization to harden and the soil-borne disease problem such as take place frequently.
In the application process of using fertilizer, water and air for facility vegetables integrated apparatus, the proportioning of rich water gas raw material is the key that science is used.The plant strain growth phase of cucumber after field planting, in facility, supplement CO
2can promote above-ground plant parts to carry out photosynthesis, improve photosynthetic efficiency, enrich nitrogenous fertilizer and be conducive to promote leaf growth, because the flourishing under ground portion that needs of plant absorbs rich water nutriment in a large number.And cucumber bear fruit picking time sugar-preserved gourd close, growth is fast, so more need that plant is carried out to rich water gas, supplements to increase the synthetic and crop root growth of photosynthesis dry product, expand water and nutrient to absorb, thereby increase substantially crop yield.Therefore using CO
2time must carry out correct proportioning rich water supplement, just can reach the object that improves cucumber yield.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the defect of prior art, and a kind of low cost is provided, highly versatile and simple and easy saving of labor's efficient greenhouse cucumber rich water gas integral application process picking time of bearing fruit.
In order to realize the object of the invention, greenhouse cucumber rich water gas integral application process provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
1) in the charging aperture of electrothermal reactor, add carbonic hydroammonium, after heating, carbonic hydroammonium decomposes the CO producing
2be transported in the storage acid bucket that fills dilute sulfuric acid (4 times of industrial diluting concentrated sulfuric acids) through pipe path with ammonia, ammonia is generated ammonium sulfate, the CO of generation by sulfuric acid absorption reaction
2through flexible pipe, be transported to cucumber canopy for its photosynthetic growth;
2) cucumber, directly by the ammonium sulfate thin up that in step 1), reaction generates before picking time, is made liquid fertilizer and applies root district with irrigation; When cucumber is expanded picking time, in the ammonium sulfate that reaction generates in step 1), by N:K mol ratio, be the preferred 1:2 of 1:1.8-2.2() amount add high-purity sulfuric acid potassium, after thin up, form liquid fertilizer, to the fertigation of greenhouse cucumber root system.If only need enrich nitrogenous fertilizer in seedling growth stage.
Wherein, in step 1), the mol ratio of carbonic hydroammonium and dilute sulfuric acid is 2:1, and dilute sulfuric acid used is that 4 times of industrial sulphuric acid dilutions form.
Step 2) in, fertigation adopts venturi fat absorption device, pressure reduction fat absorption device or inhales fertile pump, or while adopting furrow irrigation under membrane, also can execute liquid fertilizer with water punching.
Preferably, step 2) in, utilize venturi fat absorption device directly to draw air, Xiang Gen district supply oxygen in fertigation.
The present invention also provides a kind of rich water gas integral application device that is exclusively used in vegetative growth phase to the picking time of bearing fruit after greenhouse cucumber field planting, comprises air feed part, fertilizer part and irrigates part, and air feed part, reaction system and fertilizer part are connected up and down successively.
1, air feed part: be positioned at the carbonic hydroammonium charge door on electrothermal reactor top, the storage sour container (storage acid bucket) of giving vent to anger filtration, purification pipeline and having a filtering function is connected, storage sour container top and greenhouse discharge carbon dioxide gas system and are connected, and the port of carbonic acid gas outlet pipe is positioned at below the acid solution face of storage acid bucket.Concrete using method is: in the common greenhouse by solar heat of 0.8 mu to 1 mu, to the carbonic hydroammonium that adds 3kg in the charging aperture of electrothermal reactor, in the filter (i.e. storage acid bucket) of gas outlet, first add 3.6L water, then add the industrial concentrated sulfuric acid of 1.2L95%, dilution mixes rear standby.As fine day greenhouse in morning CO
2deficiency, need to enrich CO to cucumber
2when gas is fertile, turn on the power switch electrothermal reactor heating, can make the carbonic hydroammonium decomposition gasification in reactor and enter filter, the ammonia in gas is absorbed and chemical reaction occurs forms ammonium sulfate, the CO of generation by diluted acid
2through flexible pipe, be transported to cucumber canopy for its photosynthetic growth.Only 3kg carbonic hydroammonium need be added for the second time, direct-electrifying is used.
2, fertilizer part: enrich after gas fertilizer, the plant vegetative growth phase before knot melon can will be irrigated nitrogen fertilizer application to promote plant strain growth after the ammonium sulfate thin up generating after reaction, being about to reacted liquid fertilizer is sucked fertilizer to irrigate part by venturi fat absorption device, just can when pouring water, to plant, provide quick-acting ammonium sulfate nitrogenous fertilizer, meet plant strain growth needs.After knot melon, sugar-preserved gourd growth bears fruit picking time, can according to N:K, be the preferred 1:2 of 1:1.8-2.2(by the ammonium sulfate that generates after reaction) mol ratio add high-purity sulphuric acid potassium 5kg, be diluted with water to after dissolve complete, this liquid fertilizer is sucked to drip irrigation system by venturi fat absorption device, just can when pouring water, to plant, provide the available nutrients such as N, K fertilizer, meet sugar-preserved gourd ramp needs.
3, irrigate that part comprises the water main of a belt switch and with the negative pressure fertilzer sucking pipe road of fat absorption device (the fertile pump of venturi fat absorption device, pressure reduction fat absorption device or small-sized suction).Can, for cucumber root district supply moisture, also can utilize venturi fat absorption device directly to draw air, Xiang Gen district supply oxygen when pouring water.
Greenhouse cucumber provided by the invention rich water gas integral application process picking time of bearing fruit can be discharged CO to greenhouse vegetable simultaneously
2gas fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, the oxygenation of Shui Heduigen district provide available nitrogen, potash fertilizer or oxygen to plant roots district when pouring water, and the growth of plant is played to good facilitation, are conducive to nourishing and growing and reproductive growth of plant.In addition, the environment protection significance of this method is also very large, not only solves the low-cost air feed in greenhouse and chemical method waste liquid and utilizes problem, also can solve the low-cost rich water of vegetables and join the problem of executing, and has improved fertilizer efficiency, has reduced waste, and has improved significantly vegetables rhizospheric environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention 1 medium temperature chamber's cucumber rich water gas integral application process.
Embodiment
Following examples can be used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that in embodiment, technological means used is well known to those skilled in the art, the raw materials used commercial goods that is.
Embodiment 1 greenhouse cucumber rich water gas integral application process
Greenhouse cucumber rich water gas integral application process as shown in Figure 1, upper left: close air port; Lower-left: air feed part-reinforced and preparation dilute sulfuric acid ammonia filtered fluid; Under: the fertilising container of fertilizer part-for diluting nitrogenous fertilizer and joining potassium application; Bottom right: venturi fat absorption device-can execute with pouring water N, K liquid fertilizer Huo Gen district's oxygenation; Upper right: promote the growth of cucumber sugar-preserved gourd and output to improve.
Concrete grammar is:
First the carbonic hydroammonium that is 17.2% at the charge door of electrothermal reactor by 3kg nitrogen content is added in stainless steel reactor, by acid-adding port, is store in acid bucket and is added 3.6L water, then slowly adds the industrial concentrated sulfuric acid of 1.2L95% and stirs evenly, CO that will storage acid bucket
2gas outlet is connected with flexible pipe porose on wall.With time first open switch and switch on to heat electrothermal reactor, carbonic hydroammonium is heated rear decomposition gasification and enters storage acid bucket, after dilute sulfuric acid and ammonia react by ammonia absorption, by CO purer after diluted acid
2through gas outlet, enter greenhouse, realize the CO to cucumber canopy
2air feed.After air feed, the ammonium sulfate that in storage acid bucket, reaction generates can be poured in fertilising container, be considered to add 5kg high purity instant potassium sulphate after adding water, to be dissolvedly by venturi fat absorption device, fertilizer solution be applied to root district with water after completely and grow for cucumber fruits.Fertilising container upper opening, can observe the height of liquid level of liquid fertilizer and use situation, and thin up as required.One end of fat absorption device is inserted in liquid fertilizer, and the other end is connected on clear water bypass line.Close the switch on the straight-through pipeline of clear water, allow clear water flow through from bypass line, because the caliber part of bypass line dwindles suddenly, flow velocity strengthens, and produces negative pressure, and venturi fat absorption device can suck liquid fertilizer bypass line and mix with clear water, enter external irrigation system, realization is fertile, water is used.The fertile port of the suction of fat absorption device has screen pack, prevents in liquid fertilizer that larger particles enters in fat absorption device and blocking pipeline.Use drip irrigation not only to guarantee even supply fertile, water, and be convenient to control and save labor.For reducing costs, irrigation system can be selected the domestic tubular type of backwater cheaply thin-walled drip irrigation system or other drip irrigation system, also can adopt furrow irrigation under membrane, and liquid fertilizer is imposed on to Cucumber root with the punching of pouring water.
Time of application:
Generally in winter, spring, use during fine day 8-9 in the morning, the cloudy day can not use, and makes greenhouse CO
2concentration reaches 800-1000ppm, and reactant liquor can be store in manure storage device.
Before bearing fruit after the cucumber in solar-greenhouse field planting of 0.8 to 1 mu, use weekly gas fertilizer, ammonium sulfate liquid fertilizer 1 time, after bearing fruit, use weekly gas fertile 2 times picking time, and liquid fertilizer 1 time generally discharges during fine day 8-9 in the morning in autumn, winter, spring, can make greenhouse CO
2concentration reaches 800-1000ppm, and reactant liquor can be store in manure storage device, according to plant, needs application with irrigation water, and little water duty is watered and is advisable, and also can realize using of gas, fertilizer, water simultaneously.Adopt this method to can be used for cultivating greenhouse cucumber and produce, there is saving of labor's water-saving, economize the effects such as fertile and promotion high yield and nutritional quality raising.
Application greenhouse vegetable rich water gas integral application process has significantly improved improving activity of root system and the Net Photosynthetic Rate of cucumber plant, show on the basis of applying carbon dioxide, optimization is poured water, and accurately supply with nitrogen potash fertilizer, the growth of plant is played to good facilitation, be conducive to nourishing and growing and reproductive growth of plant, application cucumber rich water gas integral application process, the soluble solid of sugar-preserved gourd, soluble sugar and Vc content are all significantly increased.Adopt rich water gas integral application process, high potassium fertilising can effectively reduce the content of nitrate in fruit, significantly improves cucumber yield.Because northern underground water is alkalescence more, utilize the faintly acid liquid fertilizer in fertilizer can alleviate the salinization of soil in addition, acidified soil is conducive to vegetable growth, meets using of aqueous vapor fertilizer in Winter Solar Greenhouse.Its environment protection significance is also very large, not only solves the low-cost air feed in greenhouse and chemical method waste liquid and utilizes problem, also can solve the low-cost rich water of vegetables and join the problem of executing, and has improved fertilizer efficiency, has reduced waste, and has improved significantly vegetables rhizospheric environment.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. greenhouse cucumber rich water gas integral application process, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) in the charging aperture of electrothermal reactor, add carbonic hydroammonium, after heating, carbonic hydroammonium decomposes the CO producing
2be transported in the storage acid bucket that fills dilute sulfuric acid through pipe path with ammonia, ammonia is generated ammonium sulfate, the CO of generation by dilute sulfuric acid absorption reaction
2through flexible pipe, be transported to cucumber canopy for its photosynthetic growth;
2) cucumber, directly by the ammonium sulfate thin up that in step 1), reaction generates before picking time, is made liquid fertilizer and applies root district with irrigation; When cucumber is expanded picking time, to the amount that is 1:1.8-2.2 by N:K mol ratio in the ammonium sulfate that reaction generates in step 1), add potassium sulphate, after thin up, form liquid fertilizer, to the fertigation of greenhouse cucumber root system.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) in fertigation adopt venturi fat absorption device, pressure reduction fat absorption device or inhale fertile pump.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that step 2) in utilize venturi fat absorption device directly to draw air, Xiang Gen district supply oxygen in fertigation.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1), the mol ratio of carbonic hydroammonium and dilute sulfuric acid is 2:1.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104521508A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 忻州市忻府区农业技术推广中心 | Oriental sweet melon planting method in downwards concave type solar greenhouse |
| CN106489615A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-03-15 | 大顺国际花卉股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method of the carbon dioxide fertilising of light temperature coupling |
| CN107439270A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-12-08 | 昆明理工大学 | One kind increases integral system for the gentle fertilizer of warmhouse booth fertigation |
| CN109716911A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-07 | 石河子大学 | A kind of dedicated water-fertilizer integral oxygenation heating irrigation equipment in farmland |
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| CN1695418A (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2005-11-16 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Equipment of integrative using fertilizer, water and air for facility vegetables |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521508A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 忻州市忻府区农业技术推广中心 | Oriental sweet melon planting method in downwards concave type solar greenhouse |
| CN104521508B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2018-06-22 | 忻州市忻府区农业技术推广中心 | Up concave type heliogreenhouse Melon cultivating and growing method |
| CN106489615A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-03-15 | 大顺国际花卉股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method of the carbon dioxide fertilising of light temperature coupling |
| CN107439270A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-12-08 | 昆明理工大学 | One kind increases integral system for the gentle fertilizer of warmhouse booth fertigation |
| CN109716911A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-07 | 石河子大学 | A kind of dedicated water-fertilizer integral oxygenation heating irrigation equipment in farmland |
| CN109716911B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2023-08-25 | 石河子大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated oxygenation and heating irrigation equipment special for farmland |
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| CN103563534B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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