CN103562079A - 托盘 - Google Patents
托盘 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103562079A CN103562079A CN201280022251.9A CN201280022251A CN103562079A CN 103562079 A CN103562079 A CN 103562079A CN 201280022251 A CN201280022251 A CN 201280022251A CN 103562079 A CN103562079 A CN 103562079A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pallet
- wood composite
- pallets
- methods
- elastomer coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBYUNLMTXMFAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC FBYUNLMTXMFAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000608 Polyaspartic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010041662 Splinter Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSUNTQCMCCQSQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1.C1=CN=NN=C1 BSUNTQCMCCQSQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用弹性体涂层涂覆木托盘的方法,该木托盘具有低的水分含量,以便提供结合木托盘和塑料托盘的有利品质的托盘。托盘轻便廉价、坚韧耐用、防水抗损伤、阻燃防滑。通过处置现有的木托盘能生产它们。托盘也可具有在涂覆前附接的RFID以用于跟踪托盘和其上运输的货物。
Description
本发明涉及用于存储和运输货物的托盘。
托盘一般由木棍和木条制造。虽然木托盘生产起来比较廉价,但是木托盘具有的缺点是它们是不防水的并且易于吸收增加重量并且降低强度的水分,以及可由于翘曲、收缩、霉菌和霉的生长以及例如通过用于将木头固定在一起的钉子的生锈和随之发生的削弱而导致接合处的松动而破坏托盘的结构。因此在某些环境中它们是不适合使用的,并且清洗困难。此外木头的多孔性可引起微生物、孢子和细菌的污染,其可对装在其中的货物或者搬运托盘的人员构成危险。木托盘也具有可变的防火(fire-retardant)品质并且可构成火险。
在一些情况下使用塑料托盘,塑料托盘具有更好的防水品质,但是易于构成更高的火险。尽管塑料托盘可具有增加的防火剂,但是这易于使它们的机械性能变差。此外,塑料托盘通常需要大量的不可再生的昂贵的材料和能源来生产,往往使它们生产起来更昂贵和更不环保。
本发明旨在通过结合木托盘和塑料托盘的益处来减少这些问题。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种具有整体的、连续的弹性体涂层的木托盘,其中木托盘的水分含量小于木托盘的按重量计的10%。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种具有大体上整体的、连续的弹性体涂层的木托盘,其中涂层包括一种或多种选自阻燃剂、防滑添加剂以及抗微生物剂的添加剂。
本发明也提供一种木托盘,其具有附接到其的RFID标签和包封托盘和标签的整体的连续的弹性体涂层。
整体的涂层使得其大体上包封托盘。本发明的托盘因此可被完全地包在弹性体涂层中。通过涂层弹性体的合适的选择,托盘可被提供特别有益的性能。
此外,托盘在弹性体中的包封提供了防水涂层并且可确保水不能被木头吸收。这有助于阻止钉子生锈并且因此提高托盘的结构整体性,并且也意味着托盘具有固定的重量。这阻止当木托盘暴露于湿气或另外变湿时经常发生的重量增加,并且允许使用者最大化负载和/或使用较少的燃料以运输托盘。根据本发明的涂覆的托盘可轻于具有周围水分含量的常规木托盘。例如,根据本发明的干燥的托盘具有至少2%,有时至少5%的最小的水分含量并且与例如具有周围水分水平(例如40%水分)的托盘通常约30kg相比较,可具有少于约20kg通常约18kg的重量。包括诸如防火剂的添加剂的弹性体涂层的重量通常约为7kg,使得涂覆托盘可具有30kg以下的固定重量;通常约25kg。
弹性体涂层可提供确保尤其在叉车(foklift)的叉齿(tine)上的安全搬运的防滑表面。这提供了超越许多塑料托盘的优点,塑料托盘可具有在叉车的叉齿上滑动的倾向,其引起负载的丢失并且可能伤害到在场的人。可通过将防滑添加剂加入到弹性体中改善防滑表面。
弹性体涂层可提供高的耐冲击性和高的撕裂强度,其改进了木托盘经受加载和搬运操作的潜在破坏的性能。弹性体涂层也使木托盘避免有裂缝并且防止钉子凸出,提供光滑的支撑表面和改进搬运。
可通过将合适的阻燃剂添加剂加入到弹性体中提供可达到UL-94-VO标准的阻燃性能。
通过弹性体涂层也可阻止木托盘的潜在的污染。在干燥工艺过程中任何原本存在的微生物、孢子和细菌可被杀死或呈现惰性,并且涂层为随后的污染物到达木头提供障碍。涂层可容易地用水、洗涤剂、消毒剂、压力清洗、蒸汽清洗等清洗。弹性体可包含抗微生物剂,例如杀菌剂,以阻止污染。因此托盘适合于在食品和药物行业中使用。
识别标签,例如RFID标签或具有记忆和唯一的识别的其他远程可读标签,可固定到木托盘并且被弹性体涂层覆盖,从而增加已标记的托盘的完整性。这使托盘和在其上的任何货物能被跟踪和追踪。
通过将染料或颜料加入到弹性体中,弹性体涂层可被染色,从而提供托盘的可视辨识。通过在弹性体中的紫外光稳定剂的存在,染色的涂层的使用期可被提高,其否则通常易于经过较短时间显著“变黄”。
弹性体涂层提高了木托盘的寿命从而提供经济优势。此外根据本发明的托盘可使用比常规的塑料托盘更少的塑料材料;例如大约3.5kg的弹性体,相比较轻量的塑料托盘具有25kg或11kg而言。由于干燥工艺过程和加工工艺过程,包封的木托盘也可具有小于常规木托盘的总重量的总重量。
弹性体涂层通常具有从1mm到5mm的厚度,优选地1mm到3mm的厚度,更优选地约2mm的厚度。原则上,可使用能容易地施加到木托盘以提供整体的、连续的涂层的任何弹性体。合适的弹性体可选自聚氨酯、聚脲、聚天门冬氨酸脂(polyaspartics)、环氧树脂、聚氨酯-聚脲混合物或者其任意组合。特别优选由两组分的反应快速地形成的弹性体。优选的弹性体是聚氨酯。
聚氨酯通常提供为两组分,异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇。这两组分在施加之前立即混合,例如在喷枪的喷嘴中混合。组分之间的反应可以是快速的并且可通过催化剂的存在增强,催化剂例如有机锡化合物(organotin compound),诸如二丁基二月桂酸酯(dibutyl dilaurate)。优选地组分被选择使得反应时间少于20秒,更优选地少于5秒。快的反应时间允许木托盘的第一部分被喷涂并且立即通过涂覆的零件夹住或支撑以允许另一部分被喷涂而没有破坏第一部分的涂层。这允许托盘在短的时间内被完全地涂覆。
染色添加剂可被添加到喷嘴中。因此根据需要,可通过供给不同的色素到喷头中来改变涂层颜色。
聚氨酯系统是众所周知的并且可从许多来源购得。优选的异氰酸酯是二苯基甲烷-4-4'-二异氰酸酯(diphenylmethane-4-4'-diisocyanate),其可以商品名Desmodur1327购自Bayer。优选的多元醇可以商品名Bayflex89-624购自Bayer。
聚氨酯和适当的添加剂的选择可不具有挥发化合物并且不导致任何EPA问题或Atex需要以允许处理简易化。
弹性体可包含添加剂以增强涂层的性能。合适的添加剂包括阻燃剂、防滑添加剂、抗微生物剂、染色剂以及紫外线稳定剂。添加剂可被方便地添加到聚氨酯系统的多元醇组分。
阻燃剂添加剂是已知的并且包括水合填料、含卤材料、含磷材料、含锑材料和膨胀材料。优选的阻燃剂是三水合铝,例如可以商品名Portaflame购自Ankerpoort NV。阻燃剂添加剂可以弹性体涂层的按重量计的从40%到70%,优选地50%到60%的量存在。
弹性体可包括防滑添加剂以改善涂层表面的摩擦特性。合适的防滑添加剂选自聚合物颗粒(例如具有大约250微米的颗粒尺寸的聚合物珠),和矿物颗粒(例如细沙、二氧化硅石英(silca-quartz)颗粒。
弹性体可包括抗微生物剂,如杀菌剂或者抗菌剂以阻止污染。弹性体可包括染色剂,如一种或多种染料或颜料,以改善托盘的外观并且提供可视辨识。
弹性体可作为液体或通过粉末涂料被施加,可选择地使用三水合铝(ATH)作为脱模剂。
可使用聚酯代替聚氨酯,优选地通过粉末涂料施加。这避免使用异氰酸酯的需要,其减少了一些加工问题。
弹性体可以包括紫外光稳定剂以延长染色的涂层的寿命。合适的紫外光稳定剂是已知的并且包括三嗪(triazine)和受阻胺类光稳定剂(HALS)。
根据另一方面,本发明提供生产如上文定义的托盘的方法,该方法包括:将木托盘干燥至表面水分含量在约10%以下,并且在托盘的外表面上施加弹性体涂层。
因此根据本发明,现有的木托盘可通过这种方法被处理以生产涂覆的托盘。这具有客户可供给他们自己的托盘来涂覆的优点,并且可在应用涂覆工艺过程后收集托盘。因此客户可从现有的供应厂商购买常规的托盘用于处理以获得本发明的优点。根据本发明,可选择地用过的或维修过的托盘也可被处置。
优选地,方法包括在施加弹性体涂层前将托盘的外表面加工到预定公差。例如托盘的表面加工到大体上平滑的光洁度。这有利于提供连续并且大体上平滑的涂层。虽然涂刷或者另外处置木托盘是已知的,但是已经发现根据本发明干燥、加工和为木托盘喷涂弹性体以大体上包封托盘给出了增强的性能。
在加工之前,可首先检查托盘,例如通过产品辨识照相机(camera),以确定托盘的尺寸和类型。这个检查也可确定托盘是否适于加工;例如,它是否具有诸如直立的钉子或紧固件或裂成碎片木材的任何不连续部。确定不在用于工艺过程的尺寸公差组内的托盘可被拒绝。
这个方法也可包括在施加弹性体涂层前将RFID标签加到托盘的表面。优选地,RFID标签是耐热的并且大体上由塑料材料形成。可使用大体由塑料材料形成的诸如U形钉(staple)的耐热附接元件加标签。标签便利地加到托盘的中部元件的表面,例如托盘元件的面向内的侧面,以阻止在托盘的使用中的破坏。
在干燥托盘前在工艺过程的开始可加标签。例如在干燥炉中,托盘优选地干燥到表面水分含量在约10%以下,并且优选地在约8%以下。干燥炉可包括湿度传感器和温度传感器用于测量托盘的表面水含量,并且控制干燥工艺过程。尽管在总的水分含量中可以有一些变化,但是发现正如通常的木托盘一样,表面水分的测量给出总的水分含量的好的估量,水分的芯吸(wicking)易于遍及材料较快速地平衡水分水平。如果需要,通过测量测试样品或校准样品的总体水分含量,可获得表面水分读数和总的水分读数之间的更准确的关联,用于特定的托盘材料和搬运条件。
方法优选地包括使用RFID标签以存储尺寸和/或其他性能,如干燥时间、重量的测量或与托盘相关联的水分含量的测量或公差,或者直接地存储在标签上或者存储在标签上用标识引用的数据库中。优选地,托盘在暴露或可见表面用刳刨机(router)加工,并且然后翻转以加工剩余的表面。
涂覆托盘优选地包括喷涂。弹性体材料可如上文定义的,并且优选地快速干燥。优选地,首先涂覆托盘的中部元件,然后暴露于喷涂器的剩余的表面被涂覆同时固化中部元件上的涂层。然后使用涂覆的中部元件夹紧托盘,并且在三维中操纵以暴露剩余的表面到涂覆器。优选地,托盘被例如机器人操纵,并且喷头也可由机器人移动以产生均匀的喷涂、最小化过度喷涂并且减少喷涂时间。这在允许具有高的生产率的工艺过程时很重要。
优选地,在喷涂后,检验已完工托盘,优选使用产品辨识照相机,并且RFID标签也可被读取,根据从标签获取的信息,托盘然后被存储用于收集。
使用动力输送机和机器人,该方法可便利地自动化。方法因此可用于快速地和大批地处理托盘。因此该方法提供提高木托盘质量的较便宜的方式。
根据另一个方面,本发明提供处理木托盘的方法,该方法包括:
接收用于涂覆的木托盘;
检查托盘的适用性;
将含有关于托盘的信息的RFID标签加到托盘的表面;
在干燥炉中干燥托盘;
将托盘的表面加工到预定公差,托盘的表面不包括RFID标签定位的区域;
使用喷涂器给托盘涂覆弹性体材料;
检查托盘的光洁度;
读取RFID标签;以及
根据从标签获取的信息存储托盘用于收集。
为了本发明可更容易地理解,现在将以举例的方式对附图进行参考,其中:
图1是根据本发明的适用于处理的托盘的顶视图;
图2是图1的托盘的下方透视图;
图3、4和5一起示出了示出根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于生产托盘的工艺过程中的组件的流程图。
参考图1和图2,木托盘2包括三个底脚或者纵梁3、4、5,三个底脚或者纵梁3、4、5包括平行间隔的木棍。多个较薄的木条6附接到这些木棍的上表面,形成托盘2的顶部盖板或承载表面。木条6紧密地放置在一起并且垂直于底脚4横穿托盘延伸。为了简化,在图2中仅示出了边缘的条6。
应理解,参考的托盘的木材材料可包括如压缩木或刨花板(chipboard)等的木制产品。
也参考图3、4和5,其示出了根据本发明的工艺过程的实例,用于处理的木托盘可被递送到卸载区8。托盘被第一转移输送机10输送,并且被机器人一次拾取一个放在称重传感器部分上以称重每个托盘。机器人然后将每个托盘供应到标签站12,在标签站12,RFID标签在托盘的中部底脚4的侧面11上例如使用塑料U形钉被钉到托盘。标签可以包括如托盘识别代码、工作识别代码和有关托盘的其他数据的信息。
托盘从标签站转移到另外的输送机14并且到光学检验站16。光学检验包括用产品辨识照相机检查托盘以检验托盘的尺寸/类型并且检查其是否在工艺的尺寸公差内。
在这个阶段,不合格的托盘被拒绝并且输送到次品站18以进行人工检验。
已通过检验的托盘被输送到称重站20,托盘的重量在称重站20被记录。另外的转移输送机22将托盘送至堆积站23,在堆积站23托盘被机器人堆积在重力输送机24上。堆积的托盘然后可经过存储区域28被叉车转移到干燥炉26。根据需要,托盘在干燥炉内干燥。湿度传感器和温度传感器被用于干燥托盘直到它们具有按重量计的约8%到10%的水分含量。
干燥炉干燥的托盘然后经过保持区域30被叉车卸载到重力辊子输送机32上,到可包括输送机的最后部分中的称重传感器的第二称重站34。托盘然后通过输送机36转移到加工站38。机器人拾取每个托盘并且放置四个托盘到刳刨机床上,在刳刨机床上真空夹具将它们固定住。刳刨机读取标签以识别托盘的类型并且然后根据获取的信息加工托盘的所有面到规定的公差。机器人然后翻转托盘并且工艺过程在另一侧上重复。刳刨机被编程以确保其不加工标签定位的区域。托盘通过另一个输送机40从加工站转移。
机器人移除托盘并且将它们单个地垂直放置在动力输送机42上,下侧面对着色站44的喷射仓(spray bay)。托盘沿着输送机行进并且进入每个喷射仓前面的保持站中。机器人首先用聚氨酯喷头喷涂中部底脚并且然后继续喷涂托盘的下侧。搬运机器人然后通过夹紧涂覆的中部底脚来拾取托盘,并且与移动喷头一起操纵托盘以最小化过度喷涂和减少喷涂时间。
当托盘被完全涂覆时,其面朝下放置在动力输送机46上。最后1.2m部分是重力辊子输送机并且安装在称重传感器上。在光学检验站48,机器人拾取托盘,使用产品辨识照相机对其尺寸/类型和光洁度进行检验并且读取RFID标签以识别客户或托盘制造者。如果托盘没有通过检验,它被送到次品站50。否则托盘通过另外的称重站52转移到分类站54,在分类站54机器人将托盘堆积在正确的位置中。准备好被客户或托盘制造者收集的托盘转移到存储区域56,并且如需要从那里转移到递送站58和装载区域60。
如在图中可看到,在工艺过程的每个阶段,可以存在读取标签并且将数据发送到服务器(例如64)的读取器(例如62)。用这种方式贯穿工艺过程每个托盘可被追踪。每个托盘的如尺寸和公差和干燥时间的数据也可被收集。此数据被计算机控制系统使用用于获取用于控制工艺过程、记账以及还用于质量控制目的的工艺过程信息。
例如对于与客户相关联的一批托盘所需要的关于托盘次品或人工干预的数据可用于追溯对该客户的收费。同样地,托盘可以根据关于尺寸公差的数据分等级。
Claims (46)
1.一种具有大体上整体连续的弹性体涂层的木托盘,其中所述木托盘的水分含量小于所述木托盘的按重量计的10%。
2.一种具有整体的、连续的弹性体涂层的木托盘,其中所述涂层包括一种或多种选自阻燃剂、防滑添加剂和抗微生物剂的添加剂。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体涂层具有从1mm到5mm的厚度。
4.如权利要求3所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体涂层具有从1mm到3mm的厚度。
5.如权利要求4所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体涂层具有约2mm的厚度。
6.如任一前述权利要求所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体涂层包括阻燃剂添加剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的木托盘,其中所述阻燃剂添加剂选自水合填料、含卤材料、含磷材料、含锑材料和膨胀材料。
8.如权利要求7所述的木托盘,其中所述阻燃剂添加剂是三水合铝。
9.如权利要求6到8中任一项所述的木托盘,其中所述阻燃剂以所述弹性体涂层的按重量计的从40%到70%的量存在。
10.如权利要求9所述的木托盘,其中所述阻燃剂以所述弹性体涂层的按重量计的从50%到60%的量存在。
11.如任一前述权利要求所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体涂层包括防滑添加剂。
12.如权利要求11所述的木托盘,其中所述防滑添加剂选自聚合物颗粒和矿物颗粒。
13.如任一前述权利要求所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体涂层包括抗微生物剂。
14.如权利要求13所述的木托盘,其中所述抗微生物剂是杀菌剂。
15.如任一前述权利要求所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体涂层包括着色剂。
16.如权利要求15所述的木托盘,其中所述着色剂选自染料和颜料。
17.如任一前述权利要求所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体选自聚氨酯、聚脲、聚天门冬氨酸脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯-聚脲混合物或者其任意组合。
18.如权利要求17所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体是聚氨酯。
19.如权利要求18所述的木托盘,其中所述聚氨酯通过二苯甲烷-4-4'-二异氰酸酯和多元醇的反应制成。
20.如权利要求18所述的木托盘,其中所述聚氨酯通过Bayflex89-624和Desmodur1327的反应制成。
21.如任一前述权利要求所述的木托盘,其中所述木托盘包括识别标记。
22.如权利要求21所述的木托盘,其中所述识别标记在所述弹性体涂层的下方。
23.如权利要求22所述的木托盘,其中所述识别标记是RFID标签。
24.如任一前述权利要求所述的木托盘,其中所述弹性体包括紫外光稳定剂。
25.一种木托盘,其具有附接到其的RFID标签和包覆所述托盘和所述标签的整体连续的弹性体涂层。
26.一种生产如任一前述权利要求所述的托盘的方法,包括:将木托盘干燥到水分含量在约10%以下,并且在所述托盘的外表面上施加弹性体涂层。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,包括在施加所述弹性体涂层之前将所述托盘的所述外表面加工到用于涂覆的预定公差内。
28.如权利要求26或27所述的方法,包括在加工所述托盘之前检查所述托盘以确定所述托盘是否在用于加工的预定尺寸公差内。
29.如权利要求26、27或28所述的方法,包括在施加所述弹性体涂层之前将RFID标签施加到所述托盘的内表面。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述RFID标签是耐热的。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述RFID标签实质上由塑料材料制成。
32.如权利要求29、30或31所述的方法,其中使用实质上由塑料材料制成的耐热附接元件来施加所述标签。
33.如权利要求29到32中任一项所述的方法,包括将所述标签施加到所述托盘的垂直于所述托盘的承载表面延伸的中部元件的表面。
34.如权利要求26到33中任一项所述的方法,包括在干燥炉中干燥所述托盘。
35.如权利要求27到34中任一项所述的方法,其中加工所述托盘包括使用刳刨机将所述托盘的表面加工成大体上平滑的表面。
36.如权利要求26到35中任一项所述的方法,其中涂覆所述托盘包括喷涂。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其中喷涂包括涂覆所述托盘的中部元件、涂覆暴露于喷涂器的表面的剩余部分、使用所涂覆的中部元件夹紧所述托盘,以及操纵所述托盘以将剩余的表面暴露于所述涂覆器。
38.如权利要求37所述的方法,其中所述托盘通过机器人操纵,并且喷头是可移动的。
39.如权利要求26到38中任一项所述的方法,包括使用照相机检验所涂覆的托盘的光洁度。
40.如权利要求29到39中任一项所述的方法,包括读取在已完工托盘上的所述RFID标签,并且根据从所述标签获取的信息在一位置存储所述托盘以用于收集。
41.一种处理木托盘的方法,包括:
接收用于涂覆的木托盘;
检查所述托盘;
将含有关于所述托盘的信息的RFID标签施加到所述托盘的内表面;
在干燥炉中干燥所述托盘;
将所述托盘的表面加工到预定公差,所述托盘的表面不包括所述RFID标签定位的区域;
使用喷涂器为所述托盘涂覆弹性体材料;
检查所述托盘的光洁度;
读取所述RFID标签;以及
根据从所述标签获取的信息存储所述托盘以用于收集。
42.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中施加所述弹性体涂层包括混合双成分弹性体,所述成分中的至少一种包括阻燃剂、防滑剂以及抗微生物剂添加剂中的至少一种且优选地包括阻燃剂、防滑剂以及抗微生物剂添加剂中的全部,并且包括将染料添加到所混合的弹性体,所述染料的颜色根据预定标准选择。
43.一种木托盘,其具有附接到其的RFID标签和包封所述托盘和所述标签的大体上连续的弹性体涂层。
44.一种用于生产大量根据权利要求1到25中任一项所述的托盘的系统,包括:用于接收多个托盘的接收布置、检查装置、标签设备、干燥站、加工设备、涂覆站、输出仓以及用于输送托盘通过所述系统的输送机构,其中所述系统被布置以执行根据权利要求26到42中任一项所述的方法,并且优选地其中所述系统被布置以执行到达托盘的程序化处理和可选地执行针对单个识别的托盘的另外的处理。
45.一种托盘,其大体上如本文参考附图所描述的。
46.一种方法,其大体上如本文参考附图所描述的。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2832358A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
GB201105692D0 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
AU2012238438A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
US20140102338A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
SG194112A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
WO2012137006A2 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
ZA201308191B (en) | 2014-12-23 |
KR20140043338A (ko) | 2014-04-09 |
WO2012137006A3 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
EP2694383A2 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
GB2489701A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
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