CN103548994A - Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as well as application thereof - Google Patents

Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as well as application thereof Download PDF

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CN103548994A
CN103548994A CN201310553897.6A CN201310553897A CN103548994A CN 103548994 A CN103548994 A CN 103548994A CN 201310553897 A CN201310553897 A CN 201310553897A CN 103548994 A CN103548994 A CN 103548994A
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fruit
fresh
keeping agent
vegetable
chitin
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CN103548994B (en
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何其明
刘文涛
任丹
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Chengdu new Chaoyang Crop Science Co., Ltd
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Chengdu NewSun Crop Science Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as well as application thereof, belongs to the field of food storage, and aims at providing a fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent. Active ingredients of the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of chitin as well as derivative thereof and 0.1-1 part of polyamino acid, wherein chitin as well as derivative thereof and polyamino acid are both hydrosoluble. The fresh-keeping agent provided by the invention can prolong the storage period of fruits and vegetables, can reduce the rotting rate and the loss rate, can improve the quality of fruits and vegetables, and increase the economic benefit, meanwhile has the advantages of low cost, simple formula, convenience in operation and the like, additionally is safe and reliable in component, and is harmless to human bodies.

Description

Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent and application thereof, belong to food storage field.
Background technology
Along with scientific and technological development, people's living standard progressively improves, the demand of the vegetable and fruit that Various Seasonal different regions are produced increases day by day, and fresh fruit and vegetables are still carrying out complicated physiological change, biological variation and physical change after gathering, the cell of fruits and vegetables and tissue are proceeded to breathe and transpiration, be easy to produce shrinkage, weightlessness, wilting, the phenomenon such as rotten, affected quality and the sale of fruits and vegetables.Therefore, preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing is a very important problem in vegetable and fruit production, storage and sales section.
Postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables used mainly comprises preservation by low temperature method, controlled atmosphere method, low pressure fresh-keeping method, plastic sheeting and fresh chemically preservative etc. at present.These methods can keep the fresh of fruits and vegetables to a certain extent, but all have certain defect, as large in the investment of preservation by low temperature and controlled atmosphere fresh-keeping method, are difficult for applying; Plastic sheeting can suppress fruits and vegetables dehydration, but easily cause, rots and peculiar smell; In chemical fresh-keeping method, the fresh-keeping meeting of organic bactericide and anticorrisive agent is residual at fruits and vegetables epidermis, toxic to human body.
At present, on market, conventional antistaling agent is new high fat film pulvis, and it is composite with higher fatty acids and multiple compounds science, adopts the synthetic a kind of wettable powder of characteristic scientific research new technology.Dilution is diffusion automatically after using, and forms the ultra-thin diaphragm of one deck and is close to plant, does not affect crop absorbent ventilate printing opacity; protection fruits and vegetables are not subject to infecting of outside disease, can play the effect of preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing, still; new high fat film itself does not have bactericidal action; fresh-keeping effect is limited, and in addition, to be that higher fatty acids and multiple compounds are composite form for it; cost is higher; and more loaded down with trivial details when new high fat film is used, need first be made into mother liquor, thereby place for a long time and will breed bacteria lose fresh-keeping effect as mother liquor.
Chitin is a kind of natural polymer, and its wide material sources are mainly present in the cell membrane of the animal shells such as shrimp, crab, pupa and insect and mushroom, algae.On the earth, annual biosynthetic chitin reaches billions ofly, is that output is only second to cellulosic Natural Macromolecular Compound:.Chitin and derivative thereof have good hygroscopicity, film forming, gas permeability, degradability, biocompatibility, have no side effect and advantageous property free from environmental pollution, existing researcher has pointed out that it is at fruit such as apple, pears, grapes, and has good effect in the preserve test of the vegetables such as tomato, green pepper, cucumber.But there is the defects such as cost is high, poorly water-soluble, single result of use is poor, production operation is difficult in simple chitin.Therefore, the composite antistaling agent of chitin and derivative thereof becomes one of focus of preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing area research.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent.
Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, its active component is comprised of the component of following weight portion: chitin and derivative 1-4 part thereof, polyaminoacid 0.1-1 part, wherein, chitin and derivative thereof and polyaminoacid are water miscible.
Wherein, fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can also comprise auxiliary material.Conventional fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent auxiliary material is all applicable to the present invention.In order to reduce the cost of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent, described auxiliary material is water, and the consumption of water can change according to the difference of the kind of fruits and vegetables and water content.Its conventional water is distilled water.
Wherein, chitin of the present invention and derivative thereof can be deacetylated shitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, carboxymethyl chitin, CMC, hydroxypropyl chitosan, and polyaminoacid can be polylysine, poly-aspartate, polyglutamic acid.
For improving the fresh-keeping effect of fruits and vegetables, chitin and derivative thereof are preferably deacetylated shitosan, and polyaminoacid is preferably polylysine.
Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, preferably the component by following weight portion forms: chitin and derivative 2-3 part thereof, polyaminoacid 0.4-0.8 part, water 96.2-97.6 part.
Further, the component being preferably by following weight portion forms: 2.5 parts, chitin and derivative thereof, 0.5 part of polyaminoacid, 97 parts, water.
The preparation method of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can adopt the conventional method that mixes, and its solution can adopt conventional dissolving method.Accurately weigh in proportion chitin and derivative thereof, polyaminoacid and water, stir and to make chitin and derivative thereof, polyaminoacid soluble in water, obtain fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent.
The present invention also provides the application of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing.Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, fresh-keeping effect to fruits and vegetables such as grape, tomato, cucumber, apple, pears, blue or green jujube, Kiwi berry, romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage, strawberries is outstanding, especially in grape fresh-keeping, fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can be good at extending the freshness date of grape.
While using fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, fresh fruit of vegetables directly can be immersed in fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, also fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can be sprayed, is coated in fruit and vegetable surfaces, naturally dry.In order to improve fresh-keeping effect, reduce use cost, the mass fraction that can in use described fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent be diluted to chitin and derivative thereof is 0.0025%-0.02%.
In fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, each component has well been brought into play cooperative effect; wherein; chitin and derivative thereof have film forming; can form transparent diaphragm at fruit and vegetable surfaces; the gas exchange of restriction fruits and vegetables and extraneous oxygen and carbon dioxide; the inner gas concentration lwevel of film is high, reduces fruits and vegetables respiratory intensity and acetate releasing quantity.Meanwhile, this diaphragm can also stop moisture evaporation, prevents microbial infection, thereby effectively extends the freshness date of fruits and vegetables.Polyaminoacid can play bactericidal action, has well suppressed microbial growth, extends the freshness date of fruits and vegetables.The combination of above-mentioned each component and weight range make fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention have good fresh-keeping effect.
Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention be take chitin and derivative and polyaminoacid thereof as main component, can extend the storage period of fruits and vegetables, reduces rotting rate and loss late, improves the quality of fruits and vegetables, increases economic benefit.The advantages such as while fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention also has with low cost, and formula is simple, easy to operate.In addition, fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent component of the present invention is safe and reliable, useful and harmless to human body.
The specific embodiment
Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, its active component is comprised of the component of following weight portion: chitin and derivative 1-4 part thereof, polyaminoacid 0.1-1 part, wherein, chitin and derivative thereof and polyaminoacid are water miscible.
Wherein, fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can also comprise auxiliary material.Conventional fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent auxiliary material is all applicable to the present invention.In order to reduce the cost of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent, described auxiliary material is water, and the consumption of water can change according to the difference of the kind of fruits and vegetables and water content.Its conventional water is distilled water.
Wherein, chitin of the present invention and derivative thereof can be deacetylated shitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, carboxymethyl chitin, CMC, hydroxypropyl chitosan, and polyaminoacid can be polylysine, poly-aspartate, polyglutamic acid.
For improving the fresh-keeping effect of fruits and vegetables, chitin and derivative thereof are preferably deacetylated shitosan, and polyaminoacid is preferably polylysine.
Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, preferably the component by following weight portion forms: chitin and derivative 2-3 part thereof, polyaminoacid 0.4-0.8 part, water 96.2-97.6 part.
Further, the component being preferably by following weight portion forms: 2.5 parts, chitin and derivative thereof, 0.5 part of polyaminoacid, 97 parts, water.
The preparation method of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can adopt the conventional method that mixes, and its solution can adopt conventional dissolving method.Accurately weigh in proportion chitin and derivative thereof, polyaminoacid and water, stir and to make chitin and derivative thereof, polyaminoacid soluble in water, obtain fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent.
The present invention also provides the application of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing.Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, fresh-keeping effect to fruits and vegetables such as grape, tomato, cucumber, apple, pears, blue or green jujube, Kiwi berry, romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage, strawberries is outstanding, especially in grape fresh-keeping, fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can be good at extending the freshness date of grape.
While using fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, fresh fruit of vegetables directly can be immersed in fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, also fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention can be sprayed, is coated in fruit and vegetable surfaces, naturally dry.In order to improve fresh-keeping effect, reduce use cost, the mass fraction that can in use described fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent be diluted to chitin and derivative thereof is 0.0025%-0.02%.
In fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, each component has well been brought into play cooperative effect; wherein; chitin and derivative thereof have film forming; can form transparent diaphragm at fruit and vegetable surfaces; the gas exchange of restriction fruits and vegetables and extraneous oxygen and carbon dioxide; the inner gas concentration lwevel of film is high, reduces fruits and vegetables respiratory intensity and acetate releasing quantity.Meanwhile, this diaphragm can also stop moisture evaporation, prevents microbial infection, thereby effectively extends the freshness date of fruits and vegetables.Polyaminoacid can play bactericidal action, has well suppressed microbial growth, extends the freshness date of fruits and vegetables.The combination of above-mentioned each component and weight range make fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent of the present invention have good fresh-keeping effect.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, does not therefore limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.The all reagent that adopt in embodiment be commercially available ,Qi manufacturer and lot number as follows:
Deacetylated shitosan: purchased from Qingdao Honghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., lot number: 20130325;
Carboxymethyl chitin: purchased from Chengdu Ke Long chemical reagent factory, lot number: 20121011;
CMC: purchased from Chengdu Ke Long chemical reagent factory, lot number: 20120825;
Hydroxypropyl chitosan: purchased from Chengdu Ke Long chemical reagent factory, lot number: 20120418;
Chitosan oligosaccharide: purchased from Qingdao Honghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., lot number: 20130318;
Polylysine: purchased from Zhengzhou Bai Nafo bioengineering limited company, lot number: 20121125;
Poly-aspartate: purchased from Shandong Bandaid chemicals limited company, lot number: 20130312;
Polyglutamic acid: purchased from Ding Shunying bio tech ltd, Shanghai, lot number: 20121209;
New high fat film: purchased from high and new technology industrial development zone, Weinan, Shaanxi Province Cu Huawang Science and Technology Ltd., lot number: 20120619.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent percentage by weight component is: deacetylated shitosan 1%, and polylysine 1%, all the other are water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent percentage by weight component is: carboxymethyl chitin 4%, and polyglutamic acid 0.1%, all the other are water.
Embodiment 3
A kind of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent percentage by weight component is: deacetylated shitosan 2.5%, and polylysine 0.5%, all the other are water.
Embodiment 4
A kind of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent percentage by weight component is: chitosan oligosaccharide 2%, and poly-aspartate 0.8%, all the other are water.
Embodiment 5
A kind of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent percentage by weight component is: hydroxypropyl chitosan 3%, and polylysine 0.4%, all the other are water.
Embodiment 6
A kind of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent percentage by weight component is: CMC 2.5%, and polyglutamic acid 1%, all the other are water.
The fresh-keeping test of test example 1 grape, cucumber, tomato
Press each 3L of table 1 configuration test medicine, standby.
Table 1 test with medicament
Reagent numbering Medicament Extension rate Consumption Be watered
1 Embodiment 1 product 200 15ml 3L
2 Embodiment 1 product 400 7.5ml 3L
3 Embodiment 2 products 200 15ml 3L
4 Embodiment 2 products 400 7.5ml 3L
5 Embodiment 3 products 200 15ml 3L
6 Embodiment 3 products 400 7.5ml 3L
7 New high fat film 500 6ml 3L
8 New high fat film 800 3.75ml 3L
9 CK Clear water contrast ? 3L
The new fresh fruit of vegetables (grape, Kiwi berry, cucumber, tomato) of plucking of buying, deducts disease, green grass or young crops, the little and part that has mechanical damage, guarantees that fruit is fresh, uniformity.
In container, different fruits are soaked to fruit and process, soak really and after fruit surface moisture dries naturally, be encapsulated in carton after 3min.After joint sealing is fresh-keeping, successively observe fruits and vegetables situation of change, record experimental data in Table 1-4.
Normal: fruit and vegetable surfaces is without rotting;
Slight rotting: rotten area do not reach fruit and vegetable surfaces long-pending 1/3;
Moderate is rotted: rotten area reached fruit and vegetable surfaces long-pending more than 1/3 but not yet reach 2/3;
Severe is rotted: rotten area met or exceeded fruit and vegetable surfaces long-pending 2/3.
The fresh-keeping effect of table 2. antistaling agent of the present invention to grape
Figure BDA0000410658790000051
The fresh-keeping effect of table 3. antistaling agent of the present invention to tomato
Figure BDA0000410658790000052
Continued 3
Figure BDA0000410658790000061
The fresh-keeping effect of table 4. antistaling agent of the present invention to cucumber
Figure BDA0000410658790000062
From table 2-4, can find out, antistaling agent of the present invention has good fresh-keeping effect to grape, tomato, cucumber, be better than reagent control group (new high fat film) and blank group (clear water), especially dilute embodiment 3 products of 400 times, at grape fresh-keeping after 13 days, grape only has a small amount of slight and moderate to rot, and fresh-keeping effect is excellent.
The fresh-keeping test of the blue or green jujube of test example 2, cherry and tomato
Buying fresh fruit of vegetables (this test relates to 2 kinds of fruits and vegetables altogether: jujube, cherry and tomato), deducts disease, green grass or young crops, the little and part (attention has must removing of mechanical damage) that has mechanical damage.Guarantee fruits and vegetables uniformity, and fresh.Antistaling agent soaks fruit and respectively processes 30 blue or green jujubes or cherry and tomato, after 20s, dries, and room temperature is placed, and detailed steep parameters is in Table 5.
Table 5 jujube and cherry and tomato immersion treatment
Figure BDA0000410658790000071
Respectively at carrying out 4 secondary data investigation after 8d, 10d, 13d, 15d, record data, the results are shown in Table 6-7.
In table 6,7, the rotten number of statistics comprises that mildew, dehydration spot and rotten number appear in fruit and vegetable surfaces.
The fresh-keeping effect of table 6. antistaling agent of the present invention to jujube
The fresh-keeping effect of table 7. antistaling agent of the present invention to cherry and tomato
Figure BDA0000410658790000073
From table 6,7, can find out, antistaling agent of the present invention has good fresh-keeping effect to jujube and cherry and tomato, and they are after fresh-keeping 15 days, and accumulative total is rotted number all lower than reagent control group (new high fat film) and blank group (clear water).
The fresh-keeping test of test example 3 strawberries
The new fresh strawberry of plucking of buying, deducts disease, green grass or young crops, the little and part that has mechanical damage, guarantees that fruit is fresh, uniformity.By table 8, carry out immersion treatment 20s.
Table 8. strawberry immersion treatment
Reagent numbering Medicament Extension rate Consumption Be watered Community area
1 Embodiment 4 products 200 5ml 1L 18, each sample
2 Embodiment 5 products 200 5ml 1L 18, each sample
3 Embodiment 6 products 200 5ml 1L 18, each sample
4 Embodiment 6 products 400 2.5ml 1L 18, each sample
5 CK Clear water contrast —— 1L 18, each sample
Respectively at 5d, 7d after medicine, observe, the rotten situation obtaining is in Table 9.
The fresh-keeping effect of table 9 antistaling agent of the present invention to strawberry
Figure BDA0000410658790000081
As can be seen from Table 9, antistaling agent of the present invention has good fresh-keeping effect to strawberry, and they are after fresh-keeping 7 days, and the situation of rotting is lower than clear water control group.
To sum up, antistaling agent of the present invention has good fresh-keeping effect to fruits and vegetables such as grape, tomato, cherry and tomato, cucumber, jujube, strawberries, the high-new adipose membrane that is all better than clear water and commonly uses at present.Especially to grape, use the fresh-keeping grape of antistaling agent of the present invention, only have a small amount of slight and moderate to rot, fresh-keeping effect is excellent.

Claims (10)

1. fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent, is characterized in that: its active component is comprised of the component of following weight portion: chitin and derivative 1-4 part thereof, and polyaminoacid 0.1-1 part, wherein, chitin and derivative thereof and polyaminoacid are water miscible.
2. fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: except active component, also contain auxiliary material in described fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent, described auxiliary material is water.
3. fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 1 or 2; it is characterized in that: described chitin and derivative thereof are deacetylated shitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, carboxymethyl chitin, CMC or hydroxypropyl chitosan, described polyaminoacid is polylysine, poly-aspartate or polyglutamic acid.
4. fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described chitin and derivative thereof are deacetylated shitosan, and described polyaminoacid is polylysine.
5. fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the component by following weight portion forms: chitin and derivative 2-3 part thereof, polyaminoacid 0.4-0.8 part, water 96.2-97.6 part.
6. fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the component by following weight portion forms: 2.5 parts, chitin and derivative thereof, 0.5 part of polyaminoacid, 97 parts, water.
7. the application of the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent described in claim 1-6 any one in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing.
8. the application of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 7 in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing, is characterized in that: described fruits and vegetables are grape, tomato, cucumber, apple, pears, blue or green jujube, Kiwi berry, romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage or strawberry.
9. the application of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 7 in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing, is characterized in that: described fruits and vegetables are grape.
10. the application of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent as claimed in claim 7 in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing, is characterized in that: the mass fraction that during use, described fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent is diluted to chitin and derivative thereof is 0.0025%-0.02%.
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