CN103528695B - Sampling single-photon detector and adaptive differential decision method thereof - Google Patents
Sampling single-photon detector and adaptive differential decision method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of sampling single-photon detector and adaptive differential decision method thereof, comprise APD circuit, be connected in series sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit successively at the signal output part of APD circuit, described digital signal processing circuit and memory circuit are bi-directionally connected; The adaptive differential decision method of sampling single-photon detector comprises: adopt APD circuit detection input photon, export photogenerated current; The photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, by real-time data memory in memory circuit; In digital signal processing circuit, detection data when not having single photon to input the last time that current detection data and memory circuit are preserved carries out adaptive differential process, then result is compared with decision threshold, adjudicates.The invention provides a kind of rational method reasonably to process original APD digital signal, and self-adaptative adjustment is carried out to the DC level drift of signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single-photon detecting survey technology, especially use the single-photon detector of avalanche photo diode (APD), specifically a kind of sampling single-photon detector and adaptive differential decision method thereof.
Background technology
At present, the single-photon detector of known use avalanche photodide is by APD circuit with compare discriminator circuit and form.APD works in Geiger mode angular position digitizer under the driving of gating pulse, and detection input photon, exports photogenerated current.Relatively discriminator circuit detects the threshold value whether electric current exceedes setting, adjudicates single-photon detector accordingly and whether has detected photon.In order to suppress the spike noise of gating pulse in APD output, the methods [development of ultrared single-photon detector, Liu Yun, China Science & Technology University Ph.D. Dissertation] such as the reflection of difference channel, concentric cable, synchronous gate usually can be adopted.But, these methods are all process in the output signal of analog domain to APD and adjudicate, not by signal digital, therefore, the method of digital signal processing can not be utilized to obtain better inhibition, also cannot carry out self-adaptative adjustment to the DC level drift of signal.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to fail reasonably to process original APD digital signal for available circuit, and the problem of self-adaptative adjustment is carried out to the DC level drift of signal, propose a kind of sampling single-photon detector and adaptive differential decision method thereof.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of sampling single-photon detector, it comprises APD circuit, sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit is connected in series successively at the signal output part of APD circuit, the simulating signal that APD circuit exports is converted to digital signal by described sample circuit, the digital signal output end of aforementioned sample circuit is connected with the signal input part of digital signal processing circuit, and digital signal processing circuit and memory circuit are bi-directionally connected.
To sample the adaptive differential decision method of single-photon detector, application sample single-photon detector, it comprises the following steps:
Adopt APD circuit detection input photon, export photogenerated current;
To APD circuit export photogenerated current sample, obtain photogenerated current digital signal and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, digital signal processing circuit by real-time data memory in memory circuit;
In digital signal processing circuit, detection data when not having single photon to input the last time that current detection data and memory circuit are preserved carries out adaptive differential process, then result is compared with decision threshold, adjudicates.
Concrete steps of the present invention are:
(a), arrange sampling single-photon detector decision threshold be D, selects a known cycle not having single photon to input start detect;
B () adopts APD circuit to detect input photon, the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal p of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal p of current period photogenerated current and its DC level l are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, p and l is the APD output of the last time when not having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(c), carry out the single photon detection of next cycle by (b) method, and the digital signal of photogenerated current and DC level thereof are saved as q and m respectively;
D (), calculating current period do not have single photon to input the difference r of each sampling number certificate of digital signal of the photogenerated current in cycle with the last, r=q-p, namely deducts the drift of APD avalanche characteristic from sampled result;
(e), calculate the difference detecting value s=r-(m-l) of each sampling number certificate, from difference r, the drift of deduction APD circuit direct level further, obtains difference detecting result;
(f), each point value in difference detecting value s and decision threshold D are compared successively, if the arbitrary point value in s is larger than D, then adjudicate as detecting single photon, and turn (c); If all point values in s are all little than D, then judgement is not for detect single photon, changed by q and is designated as p, changed by m and be designated as l, then turn (c).
Decision threshold D of the present invention has deducted the drift of APD avalanche characteristic and the drift of APD circuit direct level, and setting steps is:
A (), a selection detect cycle do not input single photon, the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal p of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal p of current period photogenerated current and its DC level l are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, p and l is current APD output when not having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(b), next detect cycle input single photon at immediately (a), the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal q of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal q of current period photogenerated current and its DC level m are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, q and m is current APD output when having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(c), calculate current period and do not have single photon to input the difference r of each sampling number certificate of digital signal of the photogenerated current in cycle, r=q-p with the last, obtain the drift of having deducted APD avalanche characteristic have single photon to input time sampled result;
(e), calculate the difference detecting value s of each sampling number certificate, s=r-(m-l), i.e. the drift of deduction APD circuit direct level further from r, obtains the difference detecting result of APD circuit at two detect cycles of successive;
(f), go out peak value from each point data screening s, be designated as k;
G (), repetition step (a)-(f) are repeatedly;
(h), the k of each time is chosen from big to small one by one, and successively calculate the ratio that the k being not less than selected value accounts for all k;
(i), by each calculated ratio compare with the quantum efficiency of APD used and the product of avalanche probability thereof, find and to be not more than but closest to the aritical ratio of this product, when this ratio being calculated, selected k is designated as the optimal threshold d of epicycle detection;
(j), repetition (a)-(i) repeatedly, calculate the arithmetic mean of multiple d, as final decision threshold D.
DC level l of the present invention is the arithmetic mean of each sampling number certificate of the digital signal p of photogenerated current.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The invention provides a kind of rational method reasonably to process original APD digital signal, and self-adaptative adjustment is carried out to the DC level drift of signal.
In the present invention, due to p be input from q is recent without single photon time APD export, the spike noise in q with p is almost identical, so (q-p) this difference result can reject the spike noise comprised in q substantially; Owing to saving average l and the m of p and q, so, (m-l) this difference result can reflect the drift of the DC level that APD exports, this drift is deducted from previous difference result, i.e. [(q-p)-(m-l)], just achieve and self-adaptative adjustment is carried out to DC level drift.This result is compared judgement with threshold value, just can complete and adjudicate accurately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of sampling single-photon detector, it comprises APD circuit, it is characterized in that being connected in series sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit successively at the signal output part of APD circuit, the simulating signal that APD circuit exports is converted to digital signal by described sample circuit, the digital signal output end of aforementioned sample circuit is connected with the signal input part of digital signal processing circuit, and digital signal processing circuit and memory circuit are bi-directionally connected.
To sample the adaptive differential decision method of single-photon detector, application sample single-photon detector, it comprises the following steps:
Adopt APD circuit detection input photon, export photogenerated current;
To APD circuit export photogenerated current sample, obtain photogenerated current digital signal and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, digital signal processing circuit by real-time data memory in memory circuit;
In digital signal processing circuit, detection data when not having single photon to input the last time that current detection data and memory circuit are preserved carries out adaptive differential process, then result is compared with decision threshold, adjudicates.
Concrete steps of the present invention are:
(a), arrange sampling single-photon detector decision threshold be D, selects a known cycle not having single photon to input start detect;
B () adopts APD circuit to detect input photon, the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal p of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal p of current period photogenerated current and its DC level l are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, p and l is the APD output of the last time when not having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(c), carry out the single photon detection of next cycle by (b) method, and the digital signal of photogenerated current and DC level thereof are saved as q and m respectively;
D (), calculating current period do not have single photon to input the difference r of each sampling number certificate of digital signal of the photogenerated current in cycle with the last, r=q-p, namely deducts the drift of APD avalanche characteristic from sampled result;
(e), calculate the difference detecting value s=r-(m-l) of each sampling number certificate, from difference r, the drift of deduction APD circuit direct level further, obtains difference detecting result;
(f), each point value in difference detecting value s and decision threshold D are compared successively, if the arbitrary point value in s is larger than D, then adjudicate as detecting single photon, and turn (c); If all point values in s are all little than D, then judgement is not for detect single photon, changed by q and is designated as p, changed by m and be designated as l, then turn (c).
Decision threshold D of the present invention has deducted the drift of APD avalanche characteristic and the drift of APD circuit direct level, and setting steps is:
A (), a selection detect cycle do not input single photon, the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal p of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal p of current period photogenerated current and its DC level l are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, p and l is current APD output when not having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(b), next detect cycle input single photon at immediately (a), the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal q of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal q of current period photogenerated current and its DC level m are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, q and m is current APD output when having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(c), calculate current period and do not have single photon to input the difference r of each sampling number certificate of digital signal of the photogenerated current in cycle, r=q-p with the last, obtain the drift of having deducted APD avalanche characteristic have single photon to input time sampled result;
(e), calculate the difference detecting value s of each sampling number certificate, s=r-(m-l), i.e. the drift of deduction APD circuit direct level further from r, obtains the difference detecting result of APD circuit at two detect cycles of successive;
(f), go out peak value from each point data screening s, be designated as k;
G (), repetition step (a)-(f) are repeatedly;
(h), the k of each time is chosen from big to small one by one, and successively calculate the ratio that the k being not less than selected value accounts for all k;
(i), by each calculated ratio compare with the quantum efficiency of APD used and the product of avalanche probability thereof, find and to be not more than but closest to the aritical ratio of this product, when this ratio being calculated, selected k is designated as the optimal threshold d of epicycle detection;
(j), repetition (a)-(i) repeatedly, calculate the arithmetic mean of multiple d, as final decision threshold D.
DC level l of the present invention is the arithmetic mean of each sampling number certificate of the digital signal p of photogenerated current.
The invention provides a kind of rational method reasonably to process original APD digital signal, and self-adaptative adjustment is carried out to the DC level drift of signal.
In the present invention, due to p be input from q is recent without single photon time APD export, the spike noise in q with p is almost identical, so (q-p) this difference result can reject the spike noise comprised in q substantially; Owing to saving average l and the m of p and q, so, (m-l) this difference result can reflect the drift of the DC level that APD exports, this drift is deducted from previous difference result, i.e. [(q-p)-(m-l)], just achieve and self-adaptative adjustment is carried out to DC level drift.This result is compared judgement with threshold value, just can complete and adjudicate accurately.
The part that the present invention does not relate to prior art that maybe can adopt all same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (4)
1. the adaptive differential decision method of a single-photon detector of sampling, application sample single-photon detector, it comprises APD circuit, sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit is connected in series successively at the signal output part of APD circuit, the simulating signal that APD circuit exports is converted to digital signal by described sample circuit, the digital signal output end of aforementioned sample circuit is connected with the signal input part of digital signal processing circuit, digital signal processing circuit and memory circuit are bi-directionally connected, and it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Adopt APD circuit detection input photon, export photogenerated current;
To APD circuit export photogenerated current sample, obtain photogenerated current digital signal and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, digital signal processing circuit by real-time data memory in memory circuit;
In digital signal processing circuit, detection data when not having single photon to input the last time that current detection data and memory circuit are preserved carries out adaptive differential process, then result is compared with decision threshold, adjudicates.
2. the adaptive differential decision method of sampling single-photon detector according to claim 1, is characterized in that concrete steps are:
(a), arrange sampling single-photon detector decision threshold be D, selects a known cycle not having single photon to input start detect;
B () adopts APD circuit to detect input photon, the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal p of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal p of current period photogenerated current and its DC level l are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, p and l is the APD output of the last time when not having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(c), carry out the single photon detection of next cycle by (b) method, and the digital signal of photogenerated current and DC level thereof are saved as q and m respectively;
D (), calculating current period do not have single photon to input the difference r of each sampling number certificate of digital signal of the photogenerated current in cycle with the last, r=q-p, namely deducts the drift of APD avalanche characteristic from sampled result;
(e), calculate the difference detecting value s=r-(m-l) of each sampling number certificate, from difference r, the drift of deduction APD circuit direct level further, obtains difference detecting result;
(f), each point value in difference detecting value s and decision threshold D are compared successively, if the arbitrary point value in s is larger than D, then adjudicate as detecting single photon, and turn (c); If all point values in s are all little than D, then judgement is not for detect single photon, changed by q and is designated as p, changed by m and be designated as l, then turn (c).
3. the adaptive differential decision method of sampling single-photon detector according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that decision threshold D has deducted the drift of APD avalanche characteristic and the drift of APD circuit direct level, setting steps is:
A (), a selection detect cycle do not input single photon, the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal p of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal p of current period photogenerated current and its DC level l are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, p and l is current APD output when not having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(b), next detect cycle input single photon at immediately (a), the photogenerated current that APD circuit exports is sampled, obtain the digital signal q of photogenerated current and be sent to digital signal processing circuit, the digital signal q of current period photogenerated current and its DC level m are stored in memory circuit by digital signal processing circuit, q and m is current APD output when having single photon input and DC level thereof;
(c), calculate current period and do not have single photon to input the difference r of each sampling number certificate of digital signal of the photogenerated current in cycle, r=q-p with the last, obtain the drift of having deducted APD avalanche characteristic have single photon to input time sampled result;
(e), calculate the difference detecting value s of each sampling number certificate, s=r-(m-l), i.e. the drift of deduction APD circuit direct level further from r, obtains the difference detecting result of APD circuit at two detect cycles of successive;
(f), go out peak value from each point data screening s, be designated as k;
G (), repetition step (a)-(f) are repeatedly;
(h), the k of each time is chosen from big to small one by one, and successively calculate the ratio that the k being not less than selected value accounts for all k;
(i), by each calculated ratio compare with the quantum efficiency of APD used and the product of avalanche probability thereof, find and to be not more than but closest to the aritical ratio of this product, when this ratio being calculated, selected k is designated as the optimal threshold d of epicycle detection;
(j), repetition (a)-(i) repeatedly, calculate the arithmetic mean of multiple d, as final decision threshold D.
4. the adaptive differential decision method of sampling single-photon detector according to claim 1, is characterized in that DC level l is the arithmetic mean of each sampling number certificate of the digital signal p of photogenerated current.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5715049A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1998-02-03 | Laboratory Of Molecular Biophotonics | Light measuring apparatus for quantifying photons |
| CN102998008A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-27 | 广东汉唐量子光电科技有限公司 | Symmetrical double-avalanche-photo-diode (APD) balanced near-infrared photon detector |
| CN203587231U (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-05-07 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Sampling single-photon detector |
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| JP3855049B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2006-12-06 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Single photon detector and its afterpulse elimination method |
| JP4716004B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2011-07-06 | 日本電気株式会社 | Photon detection circuit and noise elimination method |
| JP2009229247A (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2009-10-08 | Nec Corp | Photon detector having phase adjustment function and photon detection method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5715049A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1998-02-03 | Laboratory Of Molecular Biophotonics | Light measuring apparatus for quantifying photons |
| CN102998008A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-27 | 广东汉唐量子光电科技有限公司 | Symmetrical double-avalanche-photo-diode (APD) balanced near-infrared photon detector |
| CN203587231U (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-05-07 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Sampling single-photon detector |
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