CN105136317B - Single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector and its sampling decision method - Google Patents
Single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector and its sampling decision method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector, including APD circuits, sample circuit, digital signal processing circuit, storage circuit, control circuit, detecting clock circuit and sampling clock generation circuit, APD circuit output ends are sequentially connected in series sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit, control circuit reads data processed result and rate-determining steps, the phase-shift phase of the sampling clock of control circuit control sampling clock generation circuit output, detecting clock circuit output provides homologous clock for APD circuits and sampling clock generation circuit, sampling clock generation circuit exports the detecting clock of phase shift makees sampling clock to sample circuit, enable sample circuit by specified phase the gathered data in each detection cycle.The present invention provides a kind of rational method and the data volume that the working frequency of detection and sampling obtain is reduced to optimal selection identical with APD circuit input signals, and taking statistics in meaning to sampling phase and decision threshold according to the dark counting probability and detection efficient that detect requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single-photon detecting survey technology, especially with the single-photon detecting of avalanche photodide (APD)
Device is surveyed, specifically a kind of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector and its sampling decision method.
Background technology
At present, the well known single-photon detector using avalanche photodide by APD circuits and compares discriminator circuit group
Into.APD works in Geiger mode angular position digitizer under the driving of gating pulse, and detection input photon exports photogenerated current.Compare discriminator circuit
Detect whether electric current is more than the threshold value set, adjudicate whether single-photon detector has detected photon accordingly.Most methods are all
It is the output signal of APD to be handled and adjudicated [development of ultrared single-photon detector, Liu Yun, Chinese science in analog domain
Technology university Ph.D. Dissertation].Patent [201310476538.5], which is proposed, to be digitized signal by sampling and uses number
The method that word signal processing technology carrys out self-adaptive decision, but due to needing repeatedly to adopt the signal in each detection cycle
The data volume that sample, the working frequency of this method detection and sampling obtain can be the decades of times or even hundreds times that APD circuits input,
As input signal rate improves, realization will become increasingly complex and difficulty.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is be directed to it is existing sampling single photon detection method need to the signal in each detection cycle into
Row multiple repairing weld, lead to the working frequency of detection and the obtained data volume of sampling can be the input of APD circuits decades of times even number
Hundred times of the problem of, propose a kind of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector and its sampling decision method.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector includes APD circuits, sample circuit, Digital Signal Processing electricity at it
Road, storage circuit, control circuit, detecting clock circuit and sampling clock generation circuit, the detectable signal output terminal of the APD circuits
Sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit are sequentially connected in series, sample circuit is used to be converted to the analog signal of APD circuit outputs
Digital signal, the signal that digital signal processing circuit exports sample circuit are handled, control circuit and Digital Signal Processing
Circuit is bi-directionally connected, and reads data processed result and the step of control data processing, the control signal output of control circuit with
The control signal input connection of sampling clock generation circuit, the phase-shift phase of the sampling clock of control sampling clock generation circuit output, detection
The clock signal output terminal of clock circuit connects APD circuits and sampling clock generation circuit simultaneously, is APD circuits and sampling clock generation circuit
Homologous clock is provided, the clock signal output terminal of sampling clock generation circuit and the clock signal input terminal of sample circuit are connected, will be moved
The detecting clock of phase is exported makees sampling clock to sample circuit so that sample circuit can be by specified phase in each detection
Gathered data in period.
The digital signal processing circuit of the present invention is bi-directionally connected with storage circuit, and the data of processing are stored and read
It takes.
A kind of sampling decision method of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector, judgement single photon detection is sampled using single-point
Device, it includes the following steps：
Photon is inputted using APD circuit probes, exports photogenerated current；
Sample circuit carries out single-point sampling to the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs in phase G, obtains photogenerated current in the phase
The digital signal of position is simultaneously sent to digital signal processing circuit, and digital signal processing circuit is using the digital signal of phase G as real
When probe value stored；
In digital signal processing circuit, by current probe value compared with decision threshold D, make decisions.
The sampling phase G and decision threshold D of the present invention is defeated when there is photon to input and inputted without photon according to APD circuits
Go out statistical property to be configured, setting steps are：
(a), n sampling phase is selected in a detection cycle T, n meets：N/T is not less than APD detectable signal bandwidth
2 times, wherein i-th phase is integer for 2 π i/n+2 π t/T, wherein i, and 0≤i≤n-1, t represent the time, 0<t<T/n, 2 π t/
T represents phase pushing figure；
It is m to set measurement period number, makes reciprocal 100 times of its dark counting probability not less than detection requirement；
(b), the clock phase-shift phase of sampling clock generation circuit is set so that the sampling phase of sample circuit is n sampling phase
In any one, be denoted as p；
(c), single photon is not inputted in a detection cycle, sample circuit is working as the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs
Preceding sampling phase carries out single-point sampling, obtains the digital signal of photogenerated current and is sent to digital signal processing circuit, number letter
The output sample J of APD circuits when number processing circuit inputs the digital signal labeled as no single photon1, it is stored in storage circuit
In；
(d), step (c) is repeated, detects m period altogether, obtains APD output samples J when m is a to be inputted without single photon1~
Jm；
(e), single photon is inputted in a detection cycle, sample circuit is to the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs current
Sampling phase carries out single-point sampling, obtains the digital signal of photogenerated current and is sent to digital signal processing circuit, digital signal
The output sample K of APD circuits when the digital signal is labeled as having single photon input by processing circuit1, it is stored in storage circuit；
(f), step (e) is repeated, detects m period altogether, acquisition m has APD output samples K during single photon input1~
Km；
(g), by J1~JmAnd K1~KmCommon 2m numerical value by being arranged as D from small to large1~D2m；
(h), for D1~D2mIn any one Dq, count J1~JmIn be not less than DqNumber j, calculate decision threshold
For DqWhen dark counting probability Eq=j/m counts K1~KmIn be not less than DqNumber k, calculating decision threshold be DqWhen detection
Efficiency Fq=k/m；
(i), step (h) is repeated, traverses all D1~D2m, 2m dark counting probability E can be obtained altogether1~E2mWith 2m spy
Survey efficiency F1~F2m；
(j), in E1~E2MAnd F1~F2MIn, one group of dark counting probability and detection efficient for best suiting detection requirement is selected,
Same group of E with F subscripts are identical, corresponding to same Dq, it is denoted as the best dark counting probability E of p-th of sampling phasepWith it is best
Detection efficient Fp, remember its corresponding DqOptimal threshold D for p-th of sampling phasep；
(k), step (b)~(j) is repeated, traverses all sampling phases, n best dark counting probability E can be obtained altogether1~
En, n optimal detection efficiency F1~FnWith n optimal threshold D1~Dn；
(l), in E1~EnAnd F1~FnMiddle one group of selection best suits the dark counting probability and detection efficient of detection requirement, together
One group of E with F subscripts are identical, corresponding to same Dq, final dark counting probability E and final detection efficient F are denoted as, remembers its correspondence
Sampling phase for G, it is D to remember its corresponding optimum decision threshold.
The present invention step j and l in, select one group best suit detection requirement dark counting probability and detection efficient be will be same
One group of dark counting probability and detection efficient and the dark counting probability and detection efficient of detection requirement are compared, and it is same to choose the two
When be closer to one group.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention provides a kind of rational method and is reduced to the data volume that the working frequency of detection and sampling obtain and APD
Circuit input signal is identical, and unites according to the dark counting probability and detection efficient of detection requirement to sampling phase and decision threshold
Count the optimal selection in meaning.
In the present invention, since photon inputs and while input without photon has all been m times and has detected to having, optimal threshold is to 2m
What a detection data selected on the basis of being handled, so for each sampling phase, optimal threshold is in statistical significance
Optimal selection, for the sampling phase finally set, decision threshold is also such；Since the sampling phase finally set is right
What the best statistical data of n groups of n sampling phase selected after being compared, so the sampling phase finally set is n sampling
Optimal selection in phase in statistical significance.The APD photogenerated currents exported are made into single-point sampling in specified phase, sampling is tied
Fruit is compared with decision threshold, it is possible to complete the optimum decision in statistical significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector, it includes APD circuits, sample circuit, number letter
Number processing circuit, storage circuit, control circuit, detecting clock circuit, sampling clock generation circuit, wherein：Believe in the detection of APD circuits
Number output terminal is sequentially connected in series sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit, and sample circuit turns the analog signal of APD circuit outputs
Digital signal is changed to, the signal that digital signal processing circuit exports sample circuit is handled, and digital signal processing circuit is also
It is bi-directionally connected with storage circuit, the data of processing is stored and read；Control circuit is two-way with digital signal processing circuit
Connection, the step of reading data processed result and control data processing, control circuit is also connect with sampling clock generation circuit, and control is adopted
The phase-shift phase of the sampling clock of sample clock circuit output, detecting clock circuit connect APD circuits and sampling clock generation circuit, are simultaneously
APD circuits and sampling clock generation circuit provide homologous detecting clock, and sampling clock generation circuit is connect with sample circuit, by phase shift
Detecting clock is exported makees sampling clock to sample circuit, and such sample circuit can be by specified phase in each detection cycle
Gathered data.
A kind of sampling decision method of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector, judgement single photon detection is sampled using single-point
Device, it includes the following steps：
(a), photon is inputted using APD circuit probes, exports photogenerated current；
(b), sample circuit carries out single-point sampling to the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs in phase G, obtains photogenerated current and exists
The digital signal of the phase is simultaneously sent to digital signal processing circuit, and digital signal processing circuit makees the digital signal of phase G
It is stored in storage circuit for real-time detection value；
(c), it in digital signal processing circuit, by current probe value compared with threshold value D, makes decisions.
Assuming that the dark counting probability of detection requirement is≤8 × 10-6, detection efficient be >=10%, sampling phase G of the invention
It is with decision threshold D setting steps：
(a), n sampling phase is selected in a detection cycle T, i-th of phase is whole for 2 π i/n+2 π t/T, wherein i
Number, and 0≤i≤n-1 so that n/T is not less than 2 times of APD detectable signal bandwidth, and 0<t<T/n；Measurement period number is selected to make for m
Reciprocal 100 times of its dark counting probability not less than detection requirement；
(b), sampling clock generation circuit is set so that the sampling phase of sample circuit is any one in n sampling phase,
It is denoted as p；
(c), single photon is not inputted in a detection cycle, sample circuit is working as the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs
Preceding sampling phase carries out single-point sampling, obtains the digital signal of photogenerated current and is sent to digital signal processing circuit, number letter
The output sample J of APD circuits when number processing circuit inputs the digital signal labeled as no single photon1, it is stored in storage circuit
In；
(d), step (c) is repeated, detects m period altogether, obtains APD output samples J when m is a to be inputted without single photon1~
Jm；
(e), single photon is inputted in a detection cycle, sample circuit is to the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs current
Sampling phase carries out single-point sampling, obtains the digital signal of photogenerated current and is sent to digital signal processing circuit, digital signal
The output sample K of APD circuits when the digital signal is labeled as having single photon input by processing circuit1, it is stored in storage circuit；
(f), step (e) is repeated, detects m period altogether, acquisition m has APD output samples K during single photon input1~
Km；
(g), by J1~JmAnd K1~KmCommon 2m numerical value by being arranged as D from small to large1~D2m；
(h), for D1~D2mIn any one Dq, count J1~JmIn be not less than DqNumber j, calculating threshold value be DqWhen
Dark counting probability Eq=j/m counts K1~KmIn be not less than DqNumber k, calculating threshold value be DqWhen detection efficient Fq=k/
m；
(i), step (g) is repeated, traverses all D1~D2m, 2m dark counting probability E can be obtained altogether1~E2mWith 2m spy
Survey efficiency F1~F2m；
(j), in E1~E2MAnd F1~F2M(subscript is identical, corresponding to same D for middle one group of selectionq) best suit detection requirement
Dark counting probability and detection efficient, be denoted as the best dark counting probability E of p-th of sampling phasepWith optimal detection efficiency Fp, note
Its corresponding DqOptimal threshold D for p-th of sampling phasep；(k), step (b)~(j) is repeated, traverses all sampling phases,
N best dark counting probability E can be obtained altogether1~En, n optimal detection efficiency F1~FnWith n optimal threshold D1~Dn, obtain table
1
Table 1 is the statistical data signal of present invention setting sampling phase and decision threshold.
Such as the data in table 1, for sampling phase 1, because of EcCompare EhMore 1 × 10-6, and FhAnd FcIt is identical, so h groups
Dark counting probability and detection efficient ratio c groups more meet detection requirement, if without other better data, should select the 1st
Best dark counting probability, optimal detection efficiency and the optimal threshold of a sampling phase are E1=2 × 10-6、F1=0.09 and D1=
0.4.Similarly, detection requirement is more met for sampling phase f, c group dark counting probability and detection efficient ratio h groups, so
If without other better data, the best dark counting probability of f-th of sampling phase, optimal detection efficiency and most should be selected
Good threshold value is Ef=2 × 10-6、Ff=0.1 and Df=0.3；
(l), in E1~EnAnd F1~FnMiddle selection one group (subscript is identical, corresponding to same sampling phase) best suits spy
The dark counting probability and detection efficient of requirement are surveyed, is denoted as final dark counting probability E and final detection efficient F, remembers that its corresponding is adopted
Sample phase is G, its corresponding optimal threshold is remembered for D, such as the data in table 1, EfAnd E1It is identical, but FfCompare F1Greatly, if so do not had
There are other better data, then the data that should select f-th of sampling phase are optimum data, i.e., final dark counting probability is E=
2×10-6, final detection efficient is F=0.1, and sampling phase is G=2 π f/n+2 π t/T, decision threshold D=0.3.
The present invention provides a kind of rational method and is reduced to the data volume that the working frequency of detection and sampling obtain and APD
Circuit input signal is identical, and unites according to the dark counting probability and detection efficient of detection requirement to sampling phase and decision threshold
Count the optimal selection in meaning.
In the present invention, since photon inputs and while input without photon has all been m times and has detected to having, optimal threshold is to 2m
What a detection data selected on the basis of being handled, so for each sampling phase, optimal threshold is in statistical significance
Optimal selection, for the sampling phase finally set, decision threshold is also such；Since the sampling phase finally set is right
What the best statistical data of n groups of n sampling phase selected after being compared, so the sampling phase finally set is n sampling
Optimal selection in phase in statistical significance.The APD photogenerated currents exported are made into single-point sampling in specified phase, sampling is tied
Fruit is compared with decision threshold, it is possible to complete the optimum decision in statistical significance.
Part that the present invention does not relate to is same as the prior art or the prior art can be used is realized.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of sampling decision method of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector, judgement single photon detection is sampled using single-point
Device, it includes APD circuits, sample circuit, digital signal processing circuit, storage circuit, control circuit, detecting clock circuit and adopts
Sample clock circuit, the detectable signal output terminal of the APD circuits are sequentially connected in series sample circuit and digital signal processing circuit, adopt
Sample circuit is used to the analog signal of APD circuit outputs being converted to digital signal, and digital signal processing circuit is defeated to sample circuit
The signal gone out is handled, and control circuit is bi-directionally connected with digital signal processing circuit, is read data processed result and is controlled number
The step of according to processing, the control signal output of control circuit and the control signal input of sampling clock generation circuit connect, control
The phase-shift phase of the sampling clock of sampling clock generation circuit output, the clock signal output terminal of detecting clock circuit connect APD electricity simultaneously
Road and sampling clock generation circuit provide homologous clock for APD circuits and sampling clock generation circuit, and the clock signal of sampling clock generation circuit is defeated
The clock signal input terminal of outlet and sample circuit connects, and the detecting clock of phase shift is exported when being sampled to sample circuit
Clock so that sample circuit can by specified phase in each detection cycle gathered data；It is characterized in that this method include with
Lower step：
Photon is inputted using APD circuit probes, exports photogenerated current；
Sample circuit carries out single-point sampling to the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs in phase G, obtains photogenerated current in the phase
Digital signal is simultaneously sent to digital signal processing circuit, and digital signal processing circuit is visited using the digital signal of phase G as real-time
Measured value is stored；
In digital signal processing circuit, by current probe value compared with decision threshold D, make decisions；
Sampling phase G and decision threshold D according to APD circuits have photon input and output statistical property when being inputted without photon into
Row setting, setting steps are：
(a), n sampling phase is selected in a detection cycle T, n meets：N/T is not less than 2 times of APD detectable signal bandwidth,
Wherein i-th phase is integer for 2 π i/n+2 π t/T, wherein i, and 0≤i≤n-1, t represent the time, 0<t<T/n, 2 π t/T tables
Show phase pushing figure；
It is m to set measurement period number, makes reciprocal 100 times of its dark counting probability not less than detection requirement；
(b), the clock phase-shift phase of sampling clock generation circuit is set so that the sampling phase of sample circuit is in n sampling phase
Any one, is denoted as p；
(c), single photon is not inputted in a detection cycle, sample circuit adopts the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs currently
Sample phase carries out single-point sampling, obtains the digital signal of photogenerated current and is sent to digital signal processing circuit, at digital signal
The output sample J of APD circuits when reason circuit inputs the digital signal labeled as no single photon1, it is stored in storage circuit；
(d), step (c) is repeated, detects m period altogether, obtains APD output samples J when m is a to be inputted without single photon1~Jm；
(e), single photon is inputted in a detection cycle, sample circuit is to the photogenerated current of APD circuit outputs in present sample
Phase carries out single-point sampling, obtains the digital signal of photogenerated current and is sent to digital signal processing circuit, Digital Signal Processing
The output sample K of APD circuits when the digital signal is labeled as having single photon input by circuit1, it is stored in storage circuit；
(f), step (e) is repeated, detects m period altogether, acquisition m has APD output samples K during single photon input1~Km；
(g), by J1~JmAnd K1~KmCommon 2m numerical value by being arranged as D from small to large1~D2m；
(h), for D1~D2mIn any one Dq, count J1~JmIn be not less than DqNumber j, calculating decision threshold be DqWhen
Dark counting probability Eq=j/m counts K1~KmIn be not less than DqNumber k, calculating decision threshold be DqWhen detection efficient Fq
=k/m；
(i), step (h) is repeated, traverses all D1~D2m, 2m dark counting probability E can be obtained altogether1~E2mWith 2m detection effect
Rate F1~F2m；
(j), in E1~E2MAnd F1~F2MIn, one group of dark counting probability and detection efficient for best suiting detection requirement is selected, it is same
E with the F subscripts of group are identical, corresponding to same Dq, it is denoted as the best dark counting probability E of p-th of sampling phasepAnd optimal detection
Efficiency Fp, remember its corresponding DqOptimal threshold D for p-th of sampling phasep；
(k), step (b)~(j) is repeated, traverses all sampling phases, n best dark counting probability E can be obtained altogether1~En、n
A optimal detection efficiency F1~FnWith n optimal threshold D1~Dn；
(l), in E1~EnAnd F1~FnMiddle one group of selection best suits the dark counting probability and detection efficient of detection requirement, same group
E with F subscripts are identical, corresponding to same Dq, final dark counting probability E and final detection efficient F are denoted as, remembers its corresponding sampling
Phase is G, and it is D to remember its corresponding optimum decision threshold.
2. the sampling decision method of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Step
In j and l, it is by same group of dark counting probability and spy to select one group of dark counting probability for best suiting detection requirement and detection efficient
The dark counting probability and detection efficient for surveying efficiency and detection requirement are compared, and choose one group that the two is closer to simultaneously.
3. the sampling decision method of single-point sampling judgement single-photon detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Number
Signal processing circuit is bi-directionally connected with storage circuit, and the data of processing are stored and read.
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| CN107843350B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Frequency-adjustable high-speed near-infrared single photon detector based on sampling |
| CN108387558B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-09-29 | 山西大学 | Method for rapidly identifying single quantum dot |
| CN108494493B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2020-09-22 | 南昌大学 | Single photon communication signal extraction device and method |
| US11422028B2 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2022-08-23 | Unm Rainforest Innovations | System and method for determining a photon statistic measurement of a pulsed light source using an unbalanced beamsplitter |
| CN110161552B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-03-05 | 东软医疗系统股份有限公司 | Data processing method, device and equipment for detector |
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| CN101545811A (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2009-09-30 | 日本电气株式会社 | Photon detection method and circuit having phase adjuster |
| CN103528695A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-22 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Sampling single-photon detector and self-adaptive differential judgment method thereof |
| CN205079866U (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2016-03-09 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Simple point sampling adjudicates single -photon detector |
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| US8766161B2 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2014-07-01 | Nucript LLC | System for controling and calibrating single photon detection devices |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101545811A (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2009-09-30 | 日本电气株式会社 | Photon detection method and circuit having phase adjuster |
| CN103528695A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-22 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Sampling single-photon detector and self-adaptive differential judgment method thereof |
| CN205079866U (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2016-03-09 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Simple point sampling adjudicates single -photon detector |
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