CN1035191C - 用马来酰胺酸制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的方法 - Google Patents

用马来酰胺酸制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的方法 Download PDF

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CN1035191C
CN1035191C CN93108566A CN93108566A CN1035191C CN 1035191 C CN1035191 C CN 1035191C CN 93108566 A CN93108566 A CN 93108566A CN 93108566 A CN93108566 A CN 93108566A CN 1035191 C CN1035191 C CN 1035191C
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Y·H·帕克
E·S·希摩
G·斯帷特
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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Abstract

聚琥珀酰亚胺制备方法，包括制成聚(烷二醇)，马来酰胺酸及必要时的一或多种其它酰胺酸的聚合混合物，将该混合物加热到高温以及将混合物保持在高温下以形成聚琥珀酰亚胺。

Description

用马来酰胺酸制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的方法
本发明涉及聚琥珀酰亚胺制备方法，尤其是在聚(烷二醇)中用马来酰胺酸及必要时的其它酰胺酸制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的方法。
已知几种制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的方法，聚琥珀酰亚胺水解成聚(氨基酸)时可用作吸收剂，硬表面清洁剂，及起锅炉和冷却塔水处理剂，助洗剂，防成膜剂，分散剂，螫合剂和除垢剂作用的洗涤添加剂，但所有制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的已知方法的缺点在于工艺时间太长，原料昂贵或要求处理给制造工艺带来许多困难的固体物料。
US5057597(Koskan)公开了在氮气氛中至少180℃下将氨基酸搅拌流化3-6小时而制成聚琥珀酰亚胺的固相方法，其中得到的聚琥珀酰亚胺再水解成聚(氨基酸)。
US4839461(Boehmke et al.)公开了将马来酸或马来酸酐与氨液以1∶1-1.5的mol比混合制成聚(天冬氨酸)的方法，其中得到的混合物加热到120-150℃，形成的铵盐和马来酸液蒸发而得结晶浆料并使其熔融，这期间蒸出冷凝和结晶水而得聚(天冬氨酸)多孔物质，整个工艺要求6-8小时才能完成。
转让给Ajinomoto的日本专利52-0088773B公开了制备聚(天冬氨酸)的溶剂法，其中在一或多种有机溶剂中用天冬氨酸酐的氢卤酸盐，而所用溶剂为有机酸如丙酸，丁酸或戊酸；醇如叔丁醇和叔戊醇；酯如乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯；酮如甲基异丁基酮和环己酮；醚如四氢呋喃和二噁烷；卤代烃如二氯乙烷和二氯苯；烃如甲苯，二甲苯和萘烷以及酰胺如二甲基甲酰胺，但这些溶剂可能引起另外的危害，费用支出，气味和毒性并要求清除后才能得最终产品。
合成聚琥珀酰亚胺和聚(氨基酸)的现有方法费时，复杂或要求使用大量挥发性有机溶剂或惰性气体。本文及权利要求书中“聚琥珀酰亚胺”指聚合物链中含琥珀酰亚胺基团并可含其它基团的聚合物料，而“聚琥珀酰亚胺”指仅含琥珀酰亚胺基团的聚合物料。
本发明目的是提出溶剂法制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的方法。
本发明另一目的是提出不需要产品分离步骤的溶剂法制备琥珀酰亚胺的方法。
本发明提出聚琥珀酰亚胺制备方法，其中：
a)制成聚(烷二醇)，马来酰胺酸及必要时的一或多种其它酰胺酸的聚合混合物；
b)将混合物加热到高温；以及
c)将混合物保持在高温下以形成聚琥珀酰亚胺。
本发明所用聚(烷二醇)为反应温度下为流体的产品，合适例子包括聚(丁二醇)，聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)，而且其一或两端还可连羧酸，1-30碳烷基，胺，1-10碳烷基胺或其任何组合，优选为二乙二醇，聚(乙二醇)，有端甲基的聚(乙二醇)或聚(丙二醇)，其分子量最高约30000，优选约300-约20000，更优选约1000-约15000，而其加入聚合混合物中的用量以马来酰胺酸重量计为2-约90wt％，优选约20-约90wt％，更优选约30-约85wt％。
除马来酰胺酸而外，还可用最多80wt％(以马来酰胺酸重量计)一或多种其它酰胺酸按本发明方法制成聚琥珀酰亚胺，优选其它酰胺酸为仲康酸，亚甲基丙二酸，衣康酸，柠康酸，乌头酸，烷基马来酸，链烯基琥珀酸，聚(丙烯酸)的单烯属不饱和低聚物，聚(甲基丙烯酸)的单烯属不饱和低聚物，丁烯-1，3，4-三羧酸，马来酸单甲酯，衣康酸单甲酯，丙烯酸，甲基丙烯酸和巴豆酸的酰胺酸，其用量以马来酰胺酸重量计为5-约70wt％，优选约10-约60wt％。
聚合环境中优选基本上无氧，包括空气中的氧，原因是有氧时缩聚反应的温度下聚(烷二醇)会氧化，变色或降解，而获得这种环境的适宜办法是用惰性气体，优选用氮气密封，吹扫或鼓泡或在减压下进行聚合。
本发明所用高温必须足以引起缩聚，优选温度随反应条件变化，如优选温度随马来酰胺酸和一或多种其它酰胺酸与聚(烷二醇)的比例增大或随进行缩聚的压力升高而升高，但如在存在共沸溶剂时优选温度可降低，优选高温一般约120-约250℃。
缩合反应形成聚琥珀酰亚胺，因此要求去除反应副产物如水或醇以使反应完全，其中去除水的合适办法是向聚合混合物中加一或多种共沸溶剂如甲苯，二甲苯或四氢化萘并从聚合混合物中去除共沸馏出物，而另一除水办法是向聚合混合物中加一或多种干燥剂如硅铝酸盐，其它办法是用惰性气体向聚合混合物中鼓泡或吹扫聚合混合物表面或在减压下进行聚合。
聚合可间歇或连续进行，其中适宜的反应器包括间歇反应罐，连续搅拌反应罐，活塞流反应器，反应管和刮壁反应器，其中反应温度必须足以驱除缩合反应中形成的水，该温度可根据是否用共沸溶剂和进行聚合的压力是低于大气压，大气压或超过大气压的情况变化。
本发明方法得到的产品为  聚琥珀酰亚胺在聚(烷二醇)中的溶液，悬浮液或分散液，其中聚(烷二醇)可用于宜用聚琥珀酰亚胺的许多领域如用于洗涤剂配方，因此在产品用于洗涤剂时无需将聚琥珀酰亚胺从聚(烷二醇)中分出的分离步骤，而且必要时还可用任何常见方法，优选将产品与碱水溶液如氢氧化钠或碳酸钠水溶液接触而使聚琥珀酰亚胺水解成相应的聚(氨基酸)如聚(天冬氨酸)。
实施例1
制备聚琥珀酰亚胺
向装有磁性搅拌棒，回流冷凝器和氮气出入管的100ml三颈圆底烧瓶中加5.0g马来酰胺酸和5.0g分子量8000的聚(乙二醇)，其中烧瓶用氮气连续吹扫并在190℃油浴中浸泡3.5小时后冷至室温，然后经1HNMR谱分析表明未余下马来酰胺酸并且生成了聚琥珀酰亚胺，再用稀碳酸钠水溶液水解而形成聚(天冬氨酸)并经1HNMR谱分析得到证实。
实施例2
方法同实施例1，只是用分子量350的聚(乙二醇)单甲醚，烧瓶在150-160℃油浴中浸泡1小时后经1HNMR谱分析证实未余下马来酰胺酸并且生成了聚琥珀酰胺酸。

Claims (13)

1.聚琥珀酰亚胺的制备方法，其中包括：
a)将选自聚(丁二醇)、聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)以及一或两端还连有羧酸、1-30碳烷基、胺、1-10碳烷基胺或其任何组合端基的聚(丁二醇)、聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)的分子量为300-20000的聚(烷二醇)，马来酰胺酸及一或多种其它酰胺酸混合，形成一种聚合混合物；
b)将该混合物加热到120℃-250℃的高温；以及
c)将混合物保持在该高温下，以形成聚琥珀酰亚胺在该聚(烷二醇)中的溶液、悬浮液或分散液。
2.聚琥珀酰亚胺的制备方法，其中包括：
a)将选自聚(丁二醇)、聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)以及一或两端还连有羧酸、1-30碳烷基、胺、1-10碳烷基胺或其任何组合端基的聚(丁二醇)、聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)的分子量为300-20000的聚(烷二醇)与马来酰胺酸混合，形成一种聚合混合物；
b)将该混合物加热到120℃-250℃的高温；以及
c)将混合物保持在该高温下，以形成聚琥珀酰亚胺在该聚(烷二醇)中的溶液、悬浮液或分散液。
3.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚(烷二醇)选自二乙二醇、聚(乙二醇)、端连甲基的聚(乙二醇)和聚(丙二醇)。
4.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚(烷二醇)为聚(乙二醇)。
5.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚合混合物中以马来酰胺酸计含2-90wt％聚(烷二醇)。
6.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚合混合物中以马来酰胺酸计含20-90wt％聚(烷二醇)。
7.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚合混合物中以马来酰胺酸计含30-85wt％聚(烷二醇)。
8.权利要求1的方法，其中一或多种其它酰胺酸选自仲康酸、亚甲基丙二酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、乌头酸、烷基马来酸、链烯基琥珀酸、聚(丙烯酸)的单烯属不饱和低聚物、聚(甲基丙烯酸)的单烯属不饱和低聚物、丁烯-1，3，4-三羧酸、马来酸单甲酯、衣康酸单甲酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和巴豆酸的酰胺酸。
9.权利要求1的方法，其中一或多种其它酰胺酸选自衣康酸、马来酸单甲酯、衣康酸单甲酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和巴豆酸的酰胺酸。
10.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚合混合物中以马来酰胺酸计含最多80wt％一或多种酰胺酸。
11.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚合混合物中以马来酰胺酸计含5-70wt％一或多种酰胺酸。
12.权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚合混合物中以马来酰胺酸计含10-60wt％一或多种酰胺酸。
13.权利要求1或2的方法，其中混合物保持在基本上无氧高温环境中。
CN93108566A 1992-07-10 1993-07-10 用马来酰胺酸制备聚琥珀酰亚胺的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1035191C (zh)

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JP3153326B2 (ja) * 1992-04-08 2001-04-09 株式会社トーキン 衝突センサ
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MX9303792A (es) 1994-02-28
BR9302724A (pt) 1994-03-01
EP0578450A2 (en) 1994-01-12
CA2099461A1 (en) 1994-01-11
ES2112390T3 (es) 1998-04-01
CN1082066A (zh) 1994-02-16
MY108917A (en) 1996-11-30
JPH06211983A (ja) 1994-08-02
AU4015793A (en) 1994-01-13
EP0578450A3 (en) 1994-07-27
EP0578450B1 (en) 1998-01-14
US5463017A (en) 1995-10-31
AU666195B2 (en) 1996-02-01
DE69316277T2 (de) 1998-08-27
KR940005712A (ko) 1994-03-22
TW294684B (zh) 1997-01-01
ATE162204T1 (de) 1998-01-15
US5371177A (en) 1994-12-06
NZ247843A (en) 1995-03-28
DE69316277D1 (de) 1998-02-19

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