CN103518442A - Micro multifunctional sowing and fertilizing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro multifunctional sowing and fertilizing machine, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. The micro multifunctional sowing and fertilizing machine saves energy and reduces the consumption by means of the dynamic traction of a mini-tiller, and is suitable for multiple agriculture operations in fields in mountain regions and hill lands and greenhouses, and has multiple purposes in one machine. The micro multifunctional sowing and fertilizing machine structurally comprises a transmission mechanism, a seed box, a seed guide cavity, a seed supplying device, a ditch opener assembly, and a fertilizing and ridging assembly. The micro multifunctional sowing and fertilizing machine is mainly characterized in that ground rolling wheels in the transmission mechanism drive an ear plate chain to run; the seed supplying device and the ear plate chain are connected; the seed supplying device runs into the seed guide cavity along with the ear plate chain after seed supplying in the seed box, and then seed particles fall into the seed guide pipe; a seed supplying core in the seed supplying device is replaced so as to be adaptive to the seed sowing and fertilizing of different crops; the seed box and the seed guide box are respectively installed in back and in front of the ear plate chain, and a clearance and a square opening are formed in corresponding parts for containing the seed supplying device and a connection sheet of the seed supplying device and enabling the seed supplying device and the connection sheet of the seed supplying device to pass; a slide plate is arranged in correspondance to the square opening so as to achieve the aim of opening and closing the square opening; the ditch opener assembly or the fertilizing and soil discharging assembly is replaced and installed on a rack so as to achieve the aims of sowing seeds, supplying seedlings, fertilizing and discharging soil.

Description

Miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine

Technical field

Miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine, belongs to agricultural mechanical field.

Background technology

In agricultural machinery, Minitype cultivation facility come out gradually in vast mountain area, knob to popularize and use, and reason is to buy the cost of mini-size tillage machine much smaller than the cost of raising farm cattle, and the long-range farming benefit of crossing farm cattle of the farming benefit of mini-size tillage machine.But seeding machinary not yet enters or seldom by peasant, is accepted, reason is that no matter large-scale existing seeding machinery is or small-sized, all to manufacture and design and form separately for various farming species grains, large-scale professional seeding machinery is had place to show one's prowess in llanura area, it is small and scattered that but the actual conditions in vast mountain area and knob are plot, the road of ground interblock is poor does not even have a road, kinds of planting is various, large-scale does not use, small-sized more professional and price, each facility can only be sowed a kind of crops, so peasant is unwilling to accept.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is: accomplish a tractor serves several purposes, be connected with existing mini-size tillage machine, drawn by mini-size tillage machine, save special-purpose power machine, same facility only need be changed and fill kind of core and just can adapt to sowing and the fertilising work of various crops, and supporting removable parts parts can apply fertilizer and earth up to the seedlings of cereal crops; Be suitable for sowing or fertilising work in compare little mountain area, plot, hilly country and booth; Making peasant spend the dry many work of few money, is also a kind of performance of saving energy and reduce the cost, raising labour productivity.

The present invention is achieved in that miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine, structure comprises: transmission mechanism, fill kind of a device, plant case and seed-guiding cavity, furrower assembly, fertilising ridging assembly, frame and mini-size tillage machine, it is characterized in that: transmission mechanism is pressed upper parallel relation by final drive shaft and time power transmission shaft and is placed in frame about in bearing, on final drive shaft and time power transmission shaft, be fixed with respectively one or more groups sprocket wheel, chain with otic placode is connected to sprocket wheel, ground roll wheel carrier is set, its one end is connected with final drive shaft by bearing, the other end is connected with ground roll wheel shaft, on final drive shaft and on the wheel hub of Ground roller, correspondence is installed speed-changing chain respectively, chain is connected to two speed-changing chains, on ground roll wheel carrier, be provided with shift device corresponding with chain, in frame, be provided with Ground roller limit damper, a plurality of kind of devices that fill are connected with the chain with otic placode, kind of case be arranged on upper end otic placode chain after frame after, seed-guiding cavity be arranged on the front upper end of frame otic placode chain above and below, furrower assembly and fertilising ridging assembly are arranged on frame front end transverse arm by duplicates such as U-shaped pins, frame is connected with connecting pin bolt with the Connection Block of mini-size tillage machine rear end by the Connection Block at transverse arm middle part before it.

The monnolithic case that fills kind of device is quadrangular, by filling kind cover, fill kind of a core and form, filling kind of a core is placed in and fills in kind of cover, both fix by elastic bayonet lock or screw, in the exposed lateral side of filling kind of core, have a spoonful nest, to water ladle nest be ascending or adapt with each seed kernel and the identical many covers of appearance and size fill kind of a core, fills kind of device and be connected by the brace at its back side and the otic placode of chain.

Bottom surface in kind case and antetheca are acute angle and intersect, at bottom surface front end and the chain corresponding position with otic placode, have square opening, the size of square opening can be held and fills kind of a device and pass through, in bottom surface, be arranged with slide plate and chute and fixing spring, slide plate is placed in chute, and spring is connected with slide plate, and slide plate is corresponding with square opening, the antetheca of planting case is parallel with otic placode chain, and is having gap with chain otic placode travel paths corresponding position; Seed-guiding cavity is fixed in frame corresponding with otic placode chain, and having gap with chain otic placode travel paths corresponding position, and gap size can be held brace and passes through, and seed-guiding cavity rear end is positioned at below square opening, chamber bottom outlet is connected with grain conductor, and the size of seed-guiding cavity is filled kind of device and plants grain and pass through holding;

Defertilizing tube in furrower assembly is welded on after square column lower end and outlet is positioned at lower end below, the outlet of discharging tube is positioned at below lower end and position exports higher than defertilizing tube, discharging tube is welded on the back upper place of defertilizing tube by a band steel sheet, discharging tube or defertilizing tube are connected with guide cavity bottom opening by conduit separately, clean-up scraper is upper and lower two are fixed on square column on corresponding with discharging tube and defertilizing tube respectively, and ditching knife is welded on before square column lower end.

Defertilizing tube in fertilising ridging assembly is inclined cross and is fixed on square tube middle part, and its upper oral part is connected with conduit, the oblique outside of infraoral; Shovel or ploughshare are weldingly fixed on square column lower end, shovel face or the oblique outside of ploughshare face.

Square column in furrower assembly is fixed on the transverse arm middle part of frame front end by parts such as U-shaped pin and nuts, as is that double row sowing is symmetrical fixing according to line-spacing by two furrower assemblies; The square column that a pair of fertilising is earthed up in assembly is fixed on the two ends of frame transverse arm by parts symmetries such as U-shaped pin and nuts, furrower assembly should be staggered the time and be arranged on transverse arm according to the service condition of sowing or independent fertilising with fertilising ridging assembly.

Owing to adopting above technical scheme, with prior art products comparison, owing to using the power of existing mini-size tillage machine, saved special-purpose power-equipment, greatly saved production cost and purchase cost.A plurality of kind of devices that fill are connected with the chain otic placode in transmission mechanism, when transmission mechanism rotates, fill the circular flow in kind of case and seed-guiding cavity of kind of device, kind grain in kind of case runs to vertically upward top after filling in the spoon nest of kind of core kind and enters seed-guiding cavity to filling, change subsequently direction and move downwards, the kind grain of spoon in nest fall into seed-guiding cavity and under be advanced into grain conductor; In the exposed lateral side of filling kind of core, have a spoonful nest, to water ladle nest be ascending or adapt with each seed kernel and the identical many covers of appearance and size fill kind of a core, only need be according to the seed grain size and form of crops and each cave need seed grain number, select or change and fill accordingly kind of core plug-in card in filling kind of cover, realize a function and broadcast multiple kinds of crops, plant grain large to sowing potato, little of sowing red bean, and can realize Precision Seeding; The quantity of filling kind of device on otic placode chain as connected increases increasing density, with two rubber strips, handle gap (door seal of similar refrigerator) well simultaneously, allow fill kind of the brace at the device back side can be in real time by and small sized seeds can not pass through gap, can realize the continuous drilling of small-sized seed (as wheat, rape).Adopt speed-changing chain to be arranged on the speed ratio that changes transmission mechanism on the wheel hub of Ground roller and final drive shaft by shift device, thereby reach the object of adjusting spacing in the rows, this device is similar in appearance to the transmission principle of multi-speed bicycle, simultaneously also filling kind of device number and adjust spacing in the rows on changeable band otic placode chain.Ground roller limit damper is installed in frame and Ground roller can be limited in to certain altitude, buffer spring can make Ground roller remain effectively to contact with ground and be non-slip.Planting the bottom surface of case is arranged to inclined-plane and has square opening, square opening can hold and fills kind of a device and pass through, slide plate, chute and spring are set to be coordinated with square opening, it act as when filling kind of device not through square opening, spring promotes slide plate sealing square opening can not drop kind grain in case, when filling kind of a device, run to while pushing slide plate, slide plate overcomes spring force and slides to back upper place, fills kind of device and closes square opening by the instantaneous downslide of rear slide plate; Another effect of this device is when in kind of case, seed is not finished, and manual pull-up slide plate is planted grain and through square opening, fallen into seed-guiding cavity and reach and plant clearly object through conduit outflow in case; Kind of case bottom surface is set to inclined-plane and is conducive to plant grain in case and is finished or removes clean.It is two casees that kind of case is separated from middle part, can be respectively charged into seed and fertilizer and carry out single file sowing, or pack different seeds into and do not apply fertilizer to the subsoil and interplant, or all pack fertilizer into and apply fertilizer separately to the seedlings of cereal crops.The feature that furrower assembly is set is that the defertilizing tube outlet applying fertilizer to the subsoil is exported to the certain distance that staggers up and down with discharging tube, while and soil scrapper are assembled on plough square column, thereby reach, base fertilizer is executed under seed and through certain soil layer isolation, avoiding fertilizer to burn plants, can make again seed sprouting take root the rear effectively absorption fertility of palpus and do not waste fertilizer simultaneously, and the comparatively clean and tidy compactness of such structure.The feature that fertilising ridging assembly is set is soil to be stirred and covered on fertilizer with rear shovel or ploughshare to adjacent two row seedlings of cereal crops root fertilisings.Be connected to mini-size tillage machine after, when finishing a line and need to change one's profession, above lift furrower assembly or fertilising ridging assembly and Ground roller built on stilts and make kind or fertile out of service all of operation handlebar.This machine compact overall structure, light, production raw material are extensive, production technology is uncomplicated, and production cost reduces, energy-saving and cost-reducing, raise labour productivity, in vast mountain area and hilly country and booth, can adapt to multiple kinds of crops sowing and fertilising work, can accomplish the transformation from Precision Seeding to continuous drilling, really realize a tractor serves several purposes, peasant easily accepts.

Accompanying drawing explanation:

Fig. 1 is micro-shape Multifunctional fertilizer applicator vertical section schematic diagram (dotted portion is parallel with this section).

Fig. 2 is transmission mechanism schematic diagram (a shows stereochemical structure, and b shows bottom sectional).

Fig. 3 is for the vertical section of kind of case and seed-guiding cavity and through upper level generalized section.

Fig. 4 is for filling kind of a device schematic diagram (a shows that b shows stereogram through spoon nest vertical section).

Kind of the core vertical section schematic diagram that fills that Fig. 5 is different spoon nests.

Fig. 6 is furrower assembly schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 is fertilising ridging assembly schematic diagram.

Fig. 8 is each critical piece floor projection schematic diagram.

1-Ground roller, 2-speed-changing chain, 3-chain, 4-shift device, 5-slide plate, 6-spring, 7-antetheca, 8-bottom surface, 9-kind case, 10-fills kind of a device, 11-sprocket wheel, 12-band ear chain, 13-seed-guiding cavity, 14-grain conductor, 15-Connection Block, 16-connecting pin, 17-mini-size tillage machine part, 18-furrower assembly, 19-final drive shaft, 20-sprocket wheel, 21-power transmission shaft, 22-Ground roller limit damper, 23-fills kind of a cover, 24-fills kind of a core, 25-spoon nest, 26-brace, the outlet of 27-seed-guiding cavity, 28-square column, 29-connects band steel, 30-clean-up scraper, 31-discharging tube, 32-defertilizing tube, 33-ditching knife, 34-square column, 35-defertilizing tube, 36-shovel or ploughshare, 37-frame, 38-running part.

Embodiment: below in conjunction with accompanying drawing explanation embodiments of the present invention.

First use the rectangle base of square steel tube welding stand 37, on base, the left and right sides is welded or a pair of support column is installed, and on support column, a minute upper and lower symmetrical parallel is mounted with bearing block.

The making of transmission mechanism and assembling: on inferior power transmission shaft 21, be installed with pair of sprocket 11, by inferior drive shaft cartridge in upper bearing; On final drive shaft 19, be installed with speed-changing chain 2 and pair of sprocket 20, final drive shaft be loaded in the next bearing, by the chain with otic placode 12 around being connected on sprocket wheel 11 and 20.A speed-changing chain 2 is installed on the wheel hub of Ground roller, Ground roller is arranged on one end of wheel carrier by axle and bearing, the other end of wheel carrier is connected with final drive shaft by bearing, make speed-changing chain on ground roll wheel hub and the speed-changing chain on final drive shaft on same, with chain 3, connect two speed-changing chains, on wheel carrier, the position of corresponding chain 3 is provided with shift device 4, makes chain 3 can shift one's position between each grade of speed-changing chain (similar in appearance to the speed change gear of multi-speed bicycle).Ground roll wheel carrier limit damper 22 is installed in frame 37, Ground roller is limited in to certain altitude position, spring wherein can make Ground roller effectively contact with ground and non-slip.Result is that Ground roller rolls on the ground to advance and drives 12 runnings of otic placode chain, changes the rotating ratio between Ground roller and otic placode chain, thereby reach the object of adjustment spacing in the rows by shift device and speed-changing chain.

Plant making and the assembling of case and seed-guiding cavity: plant the key of case 9 in antetheca 7 and bottom surface 8, require antetheca and bottom surface to acutangulate (being that bottom surface is inclined-plane), kind of case be arranged on upper end otic placode chain 12 after frame after, at the antetheca corresponding with otic placode chain, have gap, the bottom surface front end corresponding at otic placode chain has square opening, under bottom surface, the position, upper back of square opening is provided with slide plate 5 and spring 6, slide plate is connected with spring one end, slide plate is placed in chute, slide plate is corresponding with square opening, the size of square opening should be able to be held and fills kind of device 10 and pass through, antetheca gap should be able to hold the brace 26 that fills kind of device and pass through, seed-guiding cavity 13 is arranged on the front upper end of frame, with otic placode chain 12 above and adjacent below, at the position corresponding with otic placode chain, having gap should be able to hold brace 26 and pass through, the space size of seed-guiding cavity should be able to hold fill kind of device and accordingly macrospecies grain pass through simultaneously, the open rearward end of seed-guiding cavity is docked with the square opening of planting case, and it is seed-guiding cavity outlet 27 that its lower end is funnel-shaped opening.

Fill making and the assembling of kind of device: filling kind of device 10 monnolithic cases is inverted four-prism, by filling kind cover 23 and filling kind of core 24 and brace 26 forms, filling kind of core inserts to fill in kind of cover and fixes through elastic bayonet lock or screw, at the exposed face that fills kind of core, have spoonful nest 25, according to the form size of various farming species grains, make kind of the core that fills of the different spoon of many covers nest, only need to change to fill the sowing (as Fig. 5) that kind of core just can adapt to various crops, by filling kind of the brace at the device back side 26, through gap insertion, be connected (can be set to bayonet coupling or screw connects) with the otic placode of chain 12, a plurality of kind of devices that fill are connected on otic placode chain at a certain distance.Result is that otic placode chain is with filling the circular flow in kind of case and seed-guiding cavity of kind of device, when filling kind of device 10 when kind of case 9 is interior, plant grain and fill kind in spoon nest 25, when kind of the device that fills of kind of the grain of substituting the bad for the good rises to top with otic placode chain operation and enters in seed-guiding cavity 13, then changing direction moves downwards, now the kind grain in spoon nest freely falls into seed-guiding cavity and comes downwards to lower end outlet 27, enters subsequently grain conductor 14.When fill kind of device run to square opening under kind of case below time, filling kind of a device starts to push slide plate against the force of the spring and slides to back upper place, when filling kind of device by the moment after square opening, slide plate to front lower place operation sealing square opening, is avoided planting grain in case and is dropped from square opening under spring-force driven dual.If the kind grain of not sowed in removing case, just by slide plate to back upper place pull-up, in case, plant grain and through square opening, flow into seed-guiding cavity bottom and derived by grain conductor 14.

Fertilizing mechanism is identical with sowing mechanism, isolates a unit as fertile case in kind of case, fills fertilizer, to lead fertile supervisor identical with sowing program, selects the core that fills of corresponding spoon nest according to fertilising requirement.

The making of furrower assembly and assembling: furrower assembly 18 be mainly by the outlet of the outlet of discharging tube 31 and the defertilizing tube 32 that applies fertilizer to the subsoil by upper and lower front and back keep at a certain distance away be fixed on ditching knife 33 after, two clean-up scrapers 30 are be fixed on square column on corresponding with defertilizing opening and sowing port respectively, the lower end of grain conductor is connected with discharging tube, and fertilizer guiding tube is connected with defertilizing tube.Result is that base fertilizer is executed below seed and is separated with certain soil layer, and seed is not burnt out by fertilizer, after seed sprouting takes root palpus, can fully absorb fertility, does not waste fertilizer.Furrower assembly is fastened on the transverse arm of frame front end through parts such as U-shaped pin and nuts.

Making and the assembling of fertilising ridging assembly: defertilizing tube 35 is inclined cross and is fixed on square column 34 middle parts, shovel or ploughshare 36 are weldingly fixed on square column lower end, shovel face or the oblique outside of ploughshare face, this is for separately to the use of seedlings of cereal crops fertilisings ridging, when using this device, need first unload furrower assembly, then a pair of fertilising ridging assembly is fastened on respectively to the two ends of frame transverse arm with parts such as U-shaped pin and nuts, fertilizer guiding tube is connected to the ridging of so just can applying fertilizer with defertilizing tube between the adjacent two row seedlings of cereal crops.

In frame front center, be welded to connect seat 15 and mate with the rear Connection Block of mini-size tillage machine, through connecting pin 16, connect and can use.

Claims (6)

1. miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine, structure comprises: transmission mechanism, fill kind of a device, plant case and seed-guiding cavity, furrower assembly, fertilising ridging assembly, frame and mini-size tillage machine, it is characterized in that: transmission mechanism is pressed upper parallel relation by final drive shaft (19) and time power transmission shaft (21) and is placed in the upper relevant bearing of frame (37), on final drive shaft and time power transmission shaft, be fixed with respectively one or more groups sprocket wheel (20), (11), chain with otic placode (12) is connected to sprocket wheel (20), (11), ground roll wheel carrier is set, its one end is connected with final drive shaft (19) by bearing, the other end is connected with Ground roller (1) axle, on final drive shaft and on the wheel hub of Ground roller, correspondence is installed speed-changing chain (2) respectively, chain (3) is connected to two speed-changing chains, on ground roll wheel carrier, be provided with shift device (4) corresponding with chain (3), in frame, be provided with Ground roller limit damper (22), a plurality of kind of devices (10) that fill are connected with the chain (12) with otic placode, kind of case (9) be arranged on upper end otic placode chain (12) after frame after, seed-guiding cavity (13) be arranged on the front upper end of frame otic placode chain (12) above and below, furrower assembly (18) and fertilising ridging assembly are arranged on frame front end transverse arm by duplicates such as U-shaped pins, frame (37) is connected with the connecting pin bolt for Connection Block (16) of mini-size tillage machine rear end by the Connection Block (15) at transverse arm middle part before it.

2. miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the monnolithic case that fills kind of a device (10) is quadrangular, by filling kind cover (23), fill kind of a core (24) and form, filling kind of a core (24) is placed in and fills kind in cover (23), both fix by elastic bayonet lock or screw, in the exposed lateral side of filling kind of core, have a spoonful nest (25), to water ladle nest be ascending or adapt with each seed kernel and the identical many covers of appearance and size fill kind of a core, fills the brace (26) of kind of device by its back side and be connected with the otic placode of chain (12).

3. miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom surface (8) in kind case (9) is acute angle with antetheca (7) and intersects, at bottom surface front end and chain (12) corresponding position, have square opening, the size of square opening can be held and fills kind of a device (10) and pass through, in bottom surface, be arranged with slide plate (5) and chute and fixing spring (6), slide plate is placed in chute, spring is connected with slide plate, slide plate is corresponding with square opening, the antetheca (7) of planting case is parallel with otic placode chain (12), and is having gap with chain otic placode travel paths corresponding position; Seed-guiding cavity (13) is fixed in frame corresponding with otic placode chain (12), and having gap with chain otic placode travel paths corresponding position, gap size can be held brace (26) and pass through, seed-guiding cavity rear end is positioned at below square opening, chamber bottom outlet (27) is connected with grain conductor (14), and the size of seed-guiding cavity is filled kind of device and plants grain and pass through holding;

4. miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the defertilizing tube (32) in furrower assembly (18) is welded on after square column (28) lower end and outlet is positioned at lower end below, the outlet of discharging tube (31) is positioned at below lower end and position exports higher than defertilizing tube, discharging tube is welded on the back upper place of defertilizing tube by a band steel sheet (29), discharging tube or defertilizing tube are connected with guide cavity bottom opening by conduit separately, clean-up scraper (30) for upper and lower two respectively with discharging tube (31) with defertilizing tube (32) is corresponding is fixed on square column, ditching knife (33) is welded on before square column lower end.

5. miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the defertilizing tube (35) in fertilising ridging assembly is inclined cross the middle part that is fixed on square tube post (34), and its upper oral part is connected with conduit, the oblique outside of infraoral; Shovel or ploughshare (36) are weldingly fixed on square column lower end, shovel face or the oblique outside of ploughshare face.

6. miniature multi-function seeding and fertilizer spreading machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the square column in furrower assembly is fixed on the transverse arm middle part of frame front end by parts such as U-shaped pin and nuts, as be that double row sowing is symmetrical fixing according to line-spacing by two furrower assemblies; The square column that a pair of fertilising is earthed up in assembly is fixed on the two ends of frame transverse arm by parts symmetries such as U-shaped pin and nuts, furrower assembly should be staggered the time and be arranged on transverse arm according to the service condition of sowing or independent fertilising with fertilising ridging assembly.

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