CN103515262B - 楔形键合机和清洁楔形键合机的方法 - Google Patents

楔形键合机和清洁楔形键合机的方法 Download PDF

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CN103515262B
CN103515262B CN201310249926.XA CN201310249926A CN103515262B CN 103515262 B CN103515262 B CN 103515262B CN 201310249926 A CN201310249926 A CN 201310249926A CN 103515262 B CN103515262 B CN 103515262B
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郑志华
梅文杰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种楔形键合机,该楔形键合机包含有:楔刀,其用于将导线键合至表面上以在表面间形成电气互连;清洁设备,其被操作来清洁楔刀;和定位设备,其上装配有楔刀;尤其是该定位设备被操作来移动楔刀至清洁设备以进行清洁。本发明还公开了一种清洁楔形键合机的楔刀的方法。

Description

楔形键合机和清洁楔形键合机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有楔刀(wedge)的楔形键合机(wedge bonder),该楔刀用于将导线键合至表面上以在表面间形成电气互连。特别是,该楔形键合机还包含有用于清洁楔刀的清洁设备。本发明还涉及一种清洁楔形键合机的楔刀的方法。
背景技术
楔形键合机利用超声波能量将导线键合至半导体晶粒和被装配的衬底上,以致于在半导体晶粒和衬底之间形成电气互连。具体地,当楔刀抵靠于半导体晶粒的晶粒座或抵靠于衬底压挤导线时,超声波换能器产生超声波振动,该超声波振动被传递通过楔形键合机的楔刀的键合末端,并前递至设置在楔刀下方的导线上。
图1表明了传统的楔形键合机的键合末端100,其包含有:i)导线引导体102,其用于从线圈处(图中未示)引导导线104通过导线端部100;ii)楔刀106,其具有键合部108,用于在键合过程中抵靠于半导体晶粒的键合盘或抵靠于衬底压挤导线104的局部;以及iii)导线切刀110,其用于切割导线104以在半导体晶粒和衬底之间形成电气互连之后将导线104从线圈处分离。
楔形键合机的重复的键合操作将会引起残渣(residue)积累在楔刀106的键合部108处。例如,如果铝导线被用于楔形键合,那么铝残渣将会堆积在楔刀106的键合部108处。因此,有必要清洁楔刀106。传统意义上,楔刀清洁包括:从键合末端100处移离楔刀106,和将移离后的楔刀106浸没在清洁溶液(如:NaOH溶液)中大约30分钟以将从楔刀106处去除残渣。然后在清洁之后而在楔形键合机继续其键合操作以前,将楔刀106重新安装在键合末端100。
然而,清洁之后楔刀106重新安装在键合末端100上需要建立一些设置任务,例如超声波换能器的重新校准和键合末端100的精确部件调整。这些任务不仅浪费时间而且需要熟练的技术人员来完成。
所以,本发明的目的是寻求至少消除清洁楔形键合机的楔刀所出现的难题。
发明内容
本发明第一方面提供一种楔形键合机,该楔形键合机包含有: 楔刀,其用于将导线键合至表面上以在表面间形成电气互连;清洁设备,其被操作来清洁楔刀;和定位设备,其上装配有楔刀。尤其是,该定位设备被操作来移动楔刀至清洁设备以进行清洁。
根据本发明第一方面所述的楔形键合机的一些较佳但是可选的特征定义在从属权利要求中。
本发明第二方面提供一种清洁楔形键合机的楔刀的方法,该楔刀用于将导线键合至表面上以在表面间形成电气互连,该楔形键合机还包含有用于清洁楔刀的清洁设备,具体地,该方法包含有以下步骤:移动楔刀至清洁设备;使用清洁设备清洁楔刀。
根据本发明第二方面所述的方法的一些较佳但是可选的步骤同样也定义在从属权利要求中。
附图说明
现在仅仅通过示例的方式,并参考附图描述本发明较佳实施例,其中。
图1所示为传统的楔形键合机的键合末端。
图2a-图2c所示为根据本发明较佳实施例所述的楔形键合机,其包含有键合区、成像区和清洁区。
图3所示为图2楔形键合机的清洁设备的配置示意图,其包含有用于清洁楔刀的可旋转的清洁轮。
图4a和图4b所示为图3用于清洁楔刀的可旋转的清洁轮的不同几何结构示意图。
图5所示为图2楔形键合机的清洁设备的另一种配置示意图,其包含有多个用于清洁楔刀的腔室。
图6a和图6b所示为图2楔形键合机的成像设备,其包含有摄像机和分光器。
图7a-图7b所示为图2楔形键合机的楔刀在清洁以前由图6a-图6b的成像设备捕获时的各个侧视和仰视示意图,而图7c-图7d所示为图2楔形键合机的楔刀在清洁以后由图6a-图6b的成像设备捕获时的各个侧视和仰视示意图。
图8a-图8d所示为图2楔形键合机的键合末端,其具体包含有用于在楔刀清洁以前从键合末端移离导线和在楔刀清洁以后引导新导线进入键合末端的导线进给机构;以及。
图9所示为表明由图2的楔形键合机所完成的楔刀清洁处理的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
图2a-图2c所示为楔形键合机200的平面示意图,其表明有定位设备(所示为XY平台202)和安装至XY平台202的键合末端(bond tip)204。键合末端204类似于图1中所示的键合末端,其包含有:i)导线引导体,其用于从线圈(wire spool)处引导导线通过键合末端204;ii)楔刀,其具有键合部(bonding portion),用于在键合过程中抵靠于半导体晶粒的键合盘和衬底的键合盘压挤导线的局部;以及iii)导线切刀,其用于切割导线以在半导体晶粒和衬底之间形成电气互连之后将导线从线圈处分离。
另外,楔形键合机200包含有:i)键合区206,用于执行键合操作时支撑衬底(如引线框);ii)成像区208,用于检查楔刀;以及iii)清洁区210,用于清洁楔刀。
具体地,XY平台202的驱动通过移动控制器和包括线性马达的马达系统而得以被控制。图2a表示了通过XY平台202相对于键合区206和在键合区206的上方定位设置的键合末端204。特别是,XY平台202驱动键合末端204以从位于键合区206的左侧的初始位置沿着X方向向右移动而键合一行安装在衬底上的半导体晶粒。其后,在将安装在衬底上的另一行半导体晶粒键合以前,在XY平台202驱动键合末端204沿着X方向向左以重新定位键合末端204回复至其初始位置的同时,将衬底沿着Y方向向上步进定位。图2b表示了键合末端204被驱动以通过XY平台202沿着X方向向右相对于成像区208移动至一位于成像区208的上方的位置,而图2c表示了键合末端204被驱动以通过XY平台202沿着Y方向相对于清洁区210和在清洁区210的上方向下移动。
图3表明了具有导线引导体302、楔刀304、导线切刀306和楔形键合机200的清洁区210的清洁设备307的键合末端204,该清洁设备307使用干式方法清洁楔刀304。清洁区210的这个清洁设备307包含有:i)马达308,ii)和该马达308相藕接的可旋转的清洁轮(所示为可旋转的研磨轮310)。该马达通过移动控制器控制,以被控制的速度驱动研磨轮310抵靠于楔刀304的键合部312上,以从那里机械地去除残渣(如铝残渣)。
可选地,研磨轮310的几何构造可以根据楔刀304的键合部312的相应的几何构造而变化。
例如,图4a所示为具有扁平端的键合部402的楔刀400的配置,其用于在键合过程中抵靠于半导体晶粒或衬底压挤扁平导线。针对这种配置形式的楔刀400,当在垂直于其旋转轴线或其主要表面的方向上观察时,研磨轮310相应的的几何构造可以包含有相应的扁平端。另一方面,图4b所示为具有包括V型凹槽406的键合末端的楔刀404的配置,该V型凹槽4用于在键合过程中至少部分地容纳和抵靠于半导体晶粒或衬底压挤圆导线。在楔刀404的这个实施例中,当在垂直于其旋转轴线或其主要表面的方向上观察时,研磨轮310相应的的几何构造可以包含有锥形端部(tapered ends)。
当然,值得注意的是,研磨轮310其它的的几何构造也是可能来匹配于楔刀404相应的几何构造,以用于清洁的目的。例如,为了清洁楔刀的键合末端的相应的U型凹槽,当在垂直于其旋转轴线或其主要表面的方向上观察时,研磨轮310可以包含有梯形端部(trapezoidal ends)。
除了如上所述的用于清洁楔刀304的干式方法以外,在楔形键合机200的清洁区210,楔刀304还可以使用湿式方法而被清洁。
图5所示为根据湿式方法的清洁区210的一种配置500的示意图,这种配置500包含有3个腔室502、504、506:i)第一腔室502,用于储存去除残渣(如铝残渣)的清洁溶液503(如NaOH溶液);ii)第二腔室504,用于储存漂洗溶液505(如水H20);以及iii)第三腔室506,用于容纳干燥器508进行干燥。具体地,在将楔刀304的键合部312浸入在清洁溶液503中以从楔刀304处去除残渣以前,楔形键合机200的XY平台202首先相对于和在清洁区210的第一腔室502上方定位键合末端204。在将楔刀304的键合部312已经浸入在清洁溶液503中一段充分的时间以后,在将其浸没在漂洗溶液505中另一段所需的时间以从楔刀304处去除清洁溶液503以前,楔形键合机200的XY平台202从清洁溶液503中撤出楔刀304。然后,在将楔刀304移动进入第三腔室506将其进行干燥以前,楔形键合机200的XY平台202从漂洗溶液505中撤出楔刀304。这样完成了基于湿式方法的楔刀清洁处理。
较合适地,第一腔室和第二腔室502、504是足够深以便于储存各自的清洁溶液503和漂洗溶液505,而避免操作过程中楔形键合机200内的溅出(spillage)。
图6a和图6b表明了楔形键合机200的成像区208,其包含有用于捕获楔刀304的键合部312的图像的成像设备。具体而言,该成像设备包含有摄像机600和分光器602,该摄像机600相对于分光器602设置以捕获楔刀304的各个图像。当在分光器602上方楔刀304垂直于摄像机600的视野分界线(line-of-view)604设置时,如图6a所示,分光器602允许摄像机600捕获楔刀键合部312的基座的图像。当楔刀304沿着摄像机600的视野分界线604校正定位以便于分光器602设置在摄像机600和楔刀键合部312之间时,如图6b所示,分光器602允许摄像机600捕获楔刀键合部312侧面的图像。
图7a和图7b表明楔刀304的键合部312在清洁以前由成像设备捕获时的侧面和底面图像的示例图像。可以看出,在重复的键合操作(如3000次键合周期)之后,残渣(如铝残渣)701积累在楔刀键合部312的内壁。而图7c和图7d表明楔刀304的键合部312在清洁以后的侧面和底面图像的示例图像。可以看出,以前积累在楔刀键合部312的内壁处的残渣(如铝残渣)701已经被去除。
图8a-图8d所示为楔形键合机200的键合末端204,其另外包含有用于在楔刀清洁处理开始以前从键合末端204移离导线802和在楔刀清洁处理结束以后引导新导线804进入键合末端204的导线进给机构800。该导线进给机构800可以包括用于导线移除和导线重新穿入处理的一系列摩擦轮或导线夹具。
具体地,图8a和图8b表明了由导线进给机构800从楔刀键合部312推离的导线802的扭曲部801,以便于将导线802从楔刀键合部312的凹槽处去除。其后,导线进给机构800从键合末端204处收回导线802,以将导线802从那里移离。
图8c和图8d表明了新导线804被重新穿入通过键合末端204直到导线804从导线引导体302处馈伸凸出。其后,在虚拟键合(dummy-bonding)处理过程中,键合末端204向下和向后移动(如箭头806所示),以便于楔刀304将新导线804推靠在虚拟键合点剥离板(dummybond-off plate)802上。接着虚拟键合处理过程,新导线804然后被楔刀键合部312牢牢地捕获,从而楔形键合机200能够继续其键合操作。
图9所示为表明由楔形键合机200上的楔刀清洁处理的流程示意图900。
该流程示意图900首先从楔刀键合的步骤902开始,接着是键合计数器递增1的步骤904。持续重复楔刀键合的步骤902和键合计数器递增的步骤904,直到键合计数器完全符合计数数目(如3000)以触发楔刀304的清洁。楔刀键合机200然后切换至“预清洁”模式。
在这个预清洁模式期间,楔刀键合机200完成将导线从键合末端204移离的步骤906。键合末端204的导线进给机构800驱动来将导线从键合末端204移离。具体地,导线的扭曲部从楔刀304的楔刀键合部312处被推离,以便于导线802自楔刀键合部312的凹槽处去除。然后,导线进给机构800从键合末端204处收回导线以从那里将导线移离。
将导线从键合末端204移离的步骤906之后,楔形键合机200其后完成检查楔刀键合部312的步骤908,在该步骤中楔刀304被移动至成像区208。此后,楔形键合机200完成清洁楔刀键合部312的步骤910,在该步骤中楔刀304被移动至清洁区210。接着,楔形键合机200切换进入“后清洁”模式。
在这个后清洁模式期间,楔形键合机200再次完成检查楔刀键合部312的步骤912,在该步骤中楔刀被移动至成像区208。此后,在楔形键合机200继续其键合操作以前,楔形键合机200完成重新穿引新导线通过键合末端204的步骤914。
这样完成了楔形键合机200的楔刀清洁处理的重复。楔刀清洁处理的这种重复可以或者自动地或者手动地完成。事实上,楔刀清洁处理的任一或者所有步骤可以或者自动地或者手动地完成。
可以选择地,成像设备可以提供反馈以用于楔刀清洁处理。例如,如果在预清洁模式期间从由成像设备所捕获的楔刀键合部312的样本图像处没有检测出残渣,那么楔形键合机可以略过楔刀清洁处理以继续其键合操作。类似地,如果在楔刀清洁处理之后从由成像设备所捕获的楔刀键合部312的样本图像处检测出一些残渣,那么楔形键合机可以操作以相对于清洁区210重新定位楔刀304而进行下一轮清洁。否则如果楔刀键合部312的样本图像显示楔刀304已经被充分地清洁,那么然后楔形键合机200在继续其键合操作以前完成重新穿引导线的步骤914。
由于没有必要从键合末端204处拆卸楔刀304进行清洁和在清洁之后将拆卸后的楔刀304重新安装回键合末端204,所以楔刀清洁处理有益地减少了维护时间和对熟练技术人员建立设置任务如超声波换能器的重新校正和键合末端204的精确部件调整的依赖性。而且,通过自动进行楔刀清洁处理,适当的楔刀清洁质量能够在不进行人工干预的情形下得以被期待。
值得注意的是,在不离开本发明宗旨的情形下,本发明的其他实施例能够被设计出。例如,虽然描述了成像区208和清洁区210分别包含有成像设备和清洁设备,可以设想:这些设备不需要永恒地设置在它们各自的成像区208和清洁区210处。相反,这些设备中的每一个能够被驱动机构移动进入它们各自的成像区208和清洁区210以完成必要的操作。而且,成像区208和相应的成像设备是可选的,从而可以被省略。

Claims (15)

1.一种楔形键合机,该楔形键合机包含有:
楔刀,其用于将导线键合至表面上以在表面间形成电气互连;
清洁设备,其被操作来清洁楔刀;
定位设备,其上装配有楔刀,该定位设备被操作来移动楔刀至清洁设备以进行清洁;和
成像设备,其被操作来捕获楔刀的键合部的图像;
其中,该成像设备包括摄像机和分光器;
其中,该定位设备被操作来相对于分光器移动楔刀至用于允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的的底面视图的第一位置和用于允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的的侧面视图的第二位置;以及
其中,位于第一位置的楔刀的键合部被设置在分光器的上方并垂直于摄像机的视野分界线,以允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的的底面视图。
2.如权利要求1所述的楔形键合机,其中,该清洁设备被操作来自动地清洁楔刀。
3.如权利要求1所述的楔形键合机,其中,该清洁设备包含有清洁腔室,以用于储存清洁溶液,该定位设备被操作来移动楔刀以将楔刀的键合部浸入在该清洁溶液中。
4.如权利要求3所述的楔形键合机,其中,该清洁设备包含有漂洗腔室,以用于储存漂洗溶液,该定位设备被操作来移动楔刀以将楔刀的键合部浸入在该漂洗溶液中。
5.如权利要求4所述的楔形键合机,其中,该清洁设备包含有干燥器,以用于干燥楔刀的键合部,而该定位设备被操作来相对于干燥器移动楔刀以干燥楔刀的键合部。
6.一种楔形键合机,该楔形键合机包含有:
楔刀,其用于将导线键合至表面上以在表面间形成电气互连;
清洁设备,其被操作来清洁楔刀;
定位设备,其上装配有楔刀,该定位设备被操作来移动楔刀至清洁设备以进行清洁;和
成像设备,其被操作来捕获楔刀的键合部的图像;
其中,该成像设备包括摄像机和分光器;
其中,该定位设备被操作来相对于分光器移动楔刀至用于允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的的底面视图的第一位置和用于允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的的侧面视图的第二位置;以及
位于第二位置的楔刀的键合部沿着摄像机的视野分界线如此对齐定位,以便于分光器设置在摄像机和楔刀的键合部之间,而允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的侧面图像。
7.如权利要求6所述的楔形键合机,其中,清洁设备被操作来自动清洁楔刀。
8.如权利要求6所述的楔形键合机,其中,该清洁设备包含有清洁腔室,以用于储存清洁溶液,该定位设备被操作来移动楔刀以将楔刀的键合部浸入在该清洁溶液中。
9.如权利要求6所述的楔形键合机,其中,该楔形键合机还包含有导线进给装置,以用于从楔刀处移离导线。
10.如权利要求1所述的楔形键合机,该楔形键合机还包含有导线进给装置,以用于从楔刀处移离导线。
11.如权利要求10所述的楔形键合机,其中,导线进给装置被操作来将新导线引入至楔刀。
12.一种用于清洁权利要求1所述的楔形键合机的楔刀的方法,该方法包含有以下步骤:
相对于清洁设备移动楔刀至一位置处;
使用清洁设备清洁楔刀;该楔形键合机还进一步包含有分光器和摄像机,该摄像机被操作来捕获楔刀的键合部的图像,该方法还进一步包含有以下步骤:
相对于分光器将楔刀定位在第一位置,以捕获楔刀的键合部的底面视图;
相对于分光器将楔刀定位在第二位置,以捕获楔刀的键合部的侧面视图。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,相对于分光器将楔刀定位在第一位置的步骤包括:将楔刀的键合部定位设置在分光器的上方并垂直于摄像机的视野分界线,以允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的底面图像。
14.一种用于清洁权利要求6所述的楔形键合机的楔刀的方法,该方法包含有以下步骤:
相对于清洁设备移动楔刀至一位置处;
使用清洁设备清洁楔刀;该楔形键合机还进一步包含有分光器和摄像机,该摄像机被操作来捕获楔刀的键合部的图像,该方法还进一步包含有以下步骤:
相对于分光器将楔刀定位在第一位置,以捕获楔刀的键合部的底面视图;
相对于分光器将楔刀定位在第二位置,以捕获楔刀的键合部的侧面视图。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,相对于分光器将楔刀定位在第一位置的步骤包括:将楔刀的键合部定位设置在分光器的上方并垂直于摄像机的视野分界线,以允许摄像机捕获楔刀的键合部的底面图像。
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