CN103497532B - 一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用 - Google Patents
一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用,属于精细化工中的光电转化材料应用领域。本发明在吩噻嗪的3‑位引入芳香环,在7,9‑位引入苯环,在三个方向同时延长共轭链,以此三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪为电子给体,氰基乙酸作为电子受体,合成了一系列三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料。由于三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料在可见光区具有更强的捕光能力,使得其在相同条件下具有比通常的吩噻嗪染料更优越的性能,有效地提高染料敏化太阳电池的光电转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吩噻嗪及染料敏化太阳电池技术领域,具体涉及了一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用。
技术背景
染料敏化太阳电池(DSSCs)是一种新型的将太阳能转化为电能的装置。这类电池与传统的硅基太阳电池相比具有结构简单、制作成本低等优点,是一类具有广泛应用前景的光电转换装置。染料的结构设计对于这类电池的光电转换效率至关重要。目前,光电转化效率最高的是钌多吡啶配合物。然而钌属于稀有贵金属,钌多吡啶配合物的分离提纯也有相当的难度,其DSSCs成本的难以降低,限制了其大规模实用化。为此,开发不含金属的有机光敏染料对发展DSSCs至关重要,成为该领域的重要研究方向。与钉多吡啶配合物染料(如N3,N719等)相比,有机光敏染料具有结构多样、制备提纯相对容易、摩尔消光系数高等诸多优点,近年来有机光敏染料发展迅速,品种多样的有机染料得到开发和应用。
吩噻嗪是一种富电子的含氮杂环化合物,以其为电子给体的染料被广泛用于染料敏化太阳电池的研究。目前还没有以三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪为电子给体、双氰基乙酸为电子受体的染料报道。为了开发高性能染料敏化太阳电池,本发明设计并合成一类基于三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪为电子给体、氰基乙酸为受体的新型染料。该染料具有结构简单,合成容易,光电转化性能良好等优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用。本发明合成一类新型的不含金属纯有机光敏染料,这类染料是以吩噻嗪为共轭体系,通过在吩噻嗪的3-位引入芳香环,在7,9-位引入苯环,在三个方向同时延长共轭链,以此三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪为电子给体,氰基乙酸作为电子受体,合成了一系列三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料。这类染料在染料敏化太阳电池上具有很好的应用性能。
本发明提供一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料,这类染料具有如下结构:
其中:R1~R2为氢、C1~C20的直链烷基、C1~C20的支链烷基、C1~C20的酰胺基、C1~C20的烷氧基或卤素;m为1~6的自然数;Ar为具有如下结构的芳香环:
其中,X1~X4为氢、C1~C20的直链烷基、C1~C20的支链烷基、C1~C20的酰胺基、C1~C20的烷氧基或卤素;X5和X6为氢、C1~C20的直链烷基、C1~C20的支链烷基或C1~C20的烷氧基;X7和X8为氢、C1~C20的直链烷基或C1~C20的支链烷基或卤素。
本发明三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料的合成方法简单,原料价廉易得,其合成按如下反应式进行:
当m=1,Ar为呋喃环,R1=R2=C8H17O时的反应式:
化合物2的合成方法:
惰性气氛下,以DMF为溶剂,先加入2份化合物1,冰浴,然后缓慢滴加4份用氯仿稀释了的溴,保持冰浴搅拌8h,加入KOH,NaOH中的一种,搅拌1h,加入二氯甲烷萃取,有机层水洗,干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过重结晶或柱层析分离提纯。
化合物3的合成方法:
惰性气氛下,以DMF为溶剂,加入4份化合物2,16份K2CO3,以及10%的Pd(PPh3)4。在40℃下搅拌反应0.5h。在搅拌下缓慢滴加3.5份用DMF溶解了的5-甲酰基-2-呋喃硼酸,升温至80℃反应48h。冷却,倒入冷水中,加入二氯甲烷萃取,有机层水洗,干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过重结晶或柱层析分离提纯。
化合物4的合成方法:
Ar气保护下,以DMF为溶剂,加入1.5份化合物2,6份K2CO3,以及10%的Pd(PPh3)4。在40℃下搅拌反应0.5h。在搅拌下缓慢滴加1.5份用DMF溶解的4-羟基苯硼酸,升温至80℃反应48h。冷却,倒入冷水中,加入二氯甲烷萃取,有机层水洗,干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过重结晶或柱层析分离提纯。
化合物5的合成方法:
惰性气氛下,以DMF为溶剂,加入0.4份化合物4,加入KOH,NaOH中的一种,室温搅拌0.5h,缓慢加入0.5份1-溴辛烷,升温至130℃反应24h。待反应液冷却后,倒入冷 水中,加入二氯甲烷萃取,有机层水洗,干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过重结晶或柱层析分离提纯。
本发明合成的吩噻嗪染料在染料料敏化太阳电池中的应用,包括染料敏化太阳电池的组成和构造、制备步骤和电池性能测试为:
(1)染料敏化太阳电池的组成和构造:染料敏化太阳电池主要由光阳极、光阴极及它们的基板(导电玻璃)和电解质组成;光阳极基板工作区域一侧导电玻璃中间设有纳米多孔Ti02薄膜,并浸染有吩噻嗪染料;光阴极基板工作区域一侧电玻璃中间设有催化剂(Pt)层;光阳极和光阴极相对间隔设置,中间纳米多孔Ti02薄膜周边用密封材料密封形成密闭的腔体,腔体内填充有电解质;
(2)染料敏化太阳电池的制备步骤:
a.导电玻璃(FTO)的预处理:将导电玻璃依次在去油剂、无水乙醇和去离子水中用超声波充分清洗,然后烘干备用;
b.TiO2纳晶颗粒及其浆料的制备:室温下,10mL Ti(OBu)4和20mL EtOH的混合液搅拌10分钟后,剧烈搅拌下于上述溶液中加入18mL乙酸和50mL去离子水并维持搅拌1h,然后将此混合液移入高压釜于230℃下处理12h,自然冷却至室温,将所得悬浊液过滤,分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤多次,50℃下于烘箱中烘6h至干,得到粒径约为20nm的TiO2纳晶颗粒;
c.取TiO2纳晶颗粒1.0g,分别加入乙醇8.0mL、乙酸0.2mL、松油醇3.0g、乙基纤维素0.5g,将此混合物充分研磨40min,然后泥浆物经超声作用15min后得到所需的白色粘性TiO2纳晶浆料;
d.纳晶TiO2膜的制备:将处理好的导电玻璃导电面朝上,将丝网板放置于玻璃上方,控制1cm的网距,再将TiO2纳晶浆料置于丝网上进行印刷。每次印刷的TiO2膜需放入125℃的烘箱内烘烤5分钟,以便有机溶剂挥发。单次印刷的TiO2膜厚度约为4μm,重复数次得到厚度约16μm的TiO2膜。将制备好的TiO2膜放于马弗炉中依次在不同的温度下处理(325℃烘焙5min,375℃烘焙5min,375℃烘焙5min,450℃烘焙15min,500℃烘焙15min),而后将烘焙好的TiO2浸于70℃0.04M的TiCl4水溶液中处理30min。将处理结束的TiO2膜取出并用去离子水反复冲洗干净后,置于马弗炉中升温520℃再次烘焙30min,冷至室温后置于密封袋并存于干燥器中备用;
e.染料溶液的配制:将权利要求1所述的吩噻嗪染料溶于四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷(体积比1:1)中,配制成5×10-4mol·L-1溶液;
f.电解质溶液的配制:用乙睛和戊腈(体积比85:15)配制的含有0.6M1-甲基-3-丙基碘化咪唑嗡,0.1M硫氰酸胍,0.03M I2和0.5M对叔丁基吡啶的溶液;
g.光阳极的敏化:通过步骤d制备的光阳极纳米多孔TiO2薄膜层浸染在权利要求1所述的吩噻嗪按步骤e配制的染料中;
h.将H2PtCl6·6H2O溶于异丙醇溶液中,配制成浓度为5×10-3M的溶液,然后将配好的液体小心的滴在干净的导电玻璃表面上,并用玻棒轻轻滚动使之均匀涂覆在表面,将其自然晾干后置于马弗炉中400℃下烧结15min,此时H2PtCl6由于热分解生成Pt而沉积在导电玻璃表面,降温后将其取出,切割成一定的尺寸并浸泡于无水乙醇中备用;
i.在TiO2电极上盖一个铂电极,两边用夹子固定即形成了待测的开放性敏化染料太阳电池。将步骤d制备的电解液从对电极的小孔中注入;待两个电极之间没有气泡后,将其密封,制得染料敏化太阳电池供测试使用。
(1)电池性能测试:从电池的光阳极和光阴极分别引出导线,接到电池性能测试装置上,电池的工作面积为0.16cm2,用太阳光模拟器模拟太阳光,将光强度调节至100mW/cm2测得的光电转化效率为4~8%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和技术效果:通过在吩噻嗪结构上进行三向共轭延长,使染料的吸收波长红移,增强了对可见光的吸收,提高了敏化太阳电池的光电转化效率。
附图说明
图1为实施例1及实施例2中所合成的染料在四氢呋喃/二氯甲烷溶剂中(浓度2×10-5M)紫外/可见吸收谱图,其中横坐标表示的是吸收波长,单位为纳米,纵坐标表示的是吸光强度。
图2为实施例1及实施例2中合成的光敏染料,并按照实施例4所述方法组装的染料敏化太阳电池的光电流与光电压曲线图,其中横坐标表示的是电压,单位为伏;纵坐标表示的是电流密度,单位为毫安每平方厘米。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步地详细说明,但是本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表示的范围。
实施例1
三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料PPFA的合成
以下反应均在氮气保护下的干燥环境中进行。
(1)化合物2的合成
将0.81g(2mmol)的化合物1溶于150ml氯仿中,保持0℃。然后将20ml溶解了0.22ml(4mmol)液溴的氯仿溶液滴加到烧瓶中,同时保持温度在0℃左右。搅拌反应8h。加入NaOH的稀释液后继续搅拌1h。加入食盐水有利于分层。用200ml CH2Cl2萃取,并用200ml水洗涤两次。干燥,过滤,除去溶剂,粗产物用柱层析分离提纯(二氯甲烷作为流动相),得到亮绿色的产物,收率为92.5%。熔点:107–108℃。核磁1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δ,ppm):7.25–7.22(m,2H),7.12–7.08(m,4H),6.93–6.91(m,2H),6.05–6.03(m,2H),4.05(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.90–1.83(m,2H),1.56–1.49(m,2H),1.39–1.34(m,8H),0.93(t,J=6.4Hz,3H).FT-IR(KBrpellet,cm-1):2921,2845,1690,1567,1493,1464.
(2)化合物3的合成
将2.25g(4mmol)化合物2和2.21g(16mmol)K2CO3以及Pd(PPh3)4(10mole%)加入到40mlDMF中,氩气保护下于40℃搅拌反应0.5h。然后搅拌下滴加0.49g(3.5mmol)溶于5mlDMF中的5-甲酰基-2-呋喃硼酸,加完后升温至80℃反应48h。反应结束后冷却,反应液倒入200ml水中,用CH2Cl2萃取。有机层用水洗涤数次以完全除去DMF。干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析分离提纯,石油醚和二氯甲烷(1:1)作为流动相,得到0.92g暗黄色产物,收率为39.8%。熔点:112-114℃。核磁1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):δ9.59(s,1H),7.42–7.41(m,1H),7.29–7.25(m,4H),7.14–7.10(m,3H),6.93–6.90(m,1H),6.66–6.65(m,1H),6.20–6.18(m,1H),6.04–6.01(m,1H),4.06(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.90–1.83(m,2H),1.56–1.49(m,2H),1.41–1.37(m,8H),0.93(t,J=6.8Hz,3H).红外FT-IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):2919,2853,1668,1603,1585,1507,1304,1240.MS(m/z,APCI)(M+H)+calcd for C31H30Br NO3S,575.11,Found:576.10.
(3)化合物4的合成
将0.87g(15mmol)化合物3,0.83g(6mmol)K2CO3,以及Pd(PPh3)4(10mole%)加入到20ml DMF中,氩气保护下于40℃搅拌反应0.5h。然后搅拌下滴加0.21g(1.5mmol)溶于5mlDMF中的4-羟基-苯硼酸,加完后升温至80℃反应48h。反应结束后冷却,反应液倒入200ml水中,用CH2Cl2萃取。有机层用水洗涤数次以完全除去DMF。干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析分离提纯(二氯甲烷作为流动相),得到0.36g橙色产物,收率为40.1%。熔点:89-91℃。核磁1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):δ9.56(s,1H),7.72–7.67(m,2H),7.61–7.57(m,1H),7.52–7.47(m,2H),7.43–7.42(m,1H),7.34–7.28(m,3H),7.25–7.22(m,1H),7.16–7.15(m,1H),7.00–6.98(m,1H),6.93–6.91(m,1H),6.65–6.64(m,1H),6.20–6.17(m,2H),4.06(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.90–1.83(m,2H),1.57–1.50(m,2H),1.40–1.34(m,8H),0.93(t,J=6.4Hz,3H).FT-IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):3383,2920,2850,1651,1608,1583,1510,1309,1240.MS(m/z,APCI)(M+H)+calcd for C37H35NO4S,589.23,Found:590.22.
(4)化合物5的合成
将0.24g(0.4mmol)化合物2和0.28g(2mmol)K2CO3加入到15ml DMF中,氮气保护下于室温搅拌反应0.5h。然后缓慢注入0.097g(0.5mmol)溶于5ml DMF中的1-溴辛烷,加完后升温至130℃反应24h。反应结束后冷却,反应液倒入200ml水中,用CH2Cl2萃取。有机层用水洗涤数次以完全除去DMF。干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析分离提纯(石油醚和二氯甲烷(1:1)作为流动相),得到0.25g亮黄色产物,收率为87.3%。熔点:136-138℃。核磁 1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):δ9.67(s,1H),7.50–7.47(m,1H),7.27–7.25(m,2H),7.14–7.12(m,3H),7.06–7.04(m,2H),7.00–6.95(m,3H),6.89–6.87(m,1H),6.80–6.78(m,2H),6.09–6.02(m,2H),3.91–3.82(m,4H),1.71–1.67(m,4H),1.35–1.21(m,20H),0.80–0.77(m,6H).红外FT-IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):2922,2849,1666,1611,1590,1507,1310,1243.MS(m/z,APCI)(M+H)+calcd for C45H51NO4S,701.35,Found:702.34.
(5)三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料PPFA的合成
将0.18g化合物5(0.25mmol),0.41g氰基丙烯酸(5mmol),0.3mL哌啶(3mmol)混合于30ml乙腈中,N2保护下回流8h。冷却后,反应液倒入HCl(2mol,100ml)水溶液中。搅拌15min后加入200mL CH2Cl2萃取,有机层用200ml水洗涤两次。无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯(先用二氯甲烷洗脱,再用二氯甲烷/CH3OH(20:1)洗脱)。得到0.13g吩噻嗪染料PPFA,收率为64.9%。熔点:173-175℃。核磁1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):δ7.85(s,br,1H),7.57–7.56(m,1H),7.48–7.46(m,2H),7.41–7.38(m,1H),7.34–7.31(m,4H),7.19–7.17(m,2H),7.15–7.11(m,2H),6.93–6.91(m,2H),6.15–6.11(m,2H),4.03(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.94(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.78–1.65(m,4H),1.47–1.35(m,4H),1.29–1.24(m,16H),0.88–0.83(m,6H).红外FT-IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):3420,2924,2853,2216,1698,1608,1583,1508,1310,1241.MS(m/z,APCI)(M+H)+calcd for C48H52N2O5S,768.36,Found,769.35.
实施例2
三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料PPTA的合成
反应均在氮气保护下的干燥环境中进行
将2.25g(4mmol)化合物2和2.21g(16mmol)K2CO3以及Pd(PPh3)4(10mole%)加入到40ml DMF中,氩气保护下于40℃搅拌反应0.5h。然后搅拌下缓慢滴加0.49g(3.5mmol)溶于5ml DMF中的5-甲酰基-2-噻吩硼酸,加完后升温至80℃反应48h。反应结束后冷却,反应液倒入200ml水中,用CH2Cl2萃取。有机层用水洗涤数次以完全除去DMF。干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析分离提纯(石油醚和二氯甲烷(1:1)作为流动相),得到0.87g橙色产物,收率为36.9%。熔点:104-105℃。核磁1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):δ9.85(s,1H),7.70–7.69(m,1H),7.28–7.24(m,4H),7.14–7.11(m,4H),6.94–6.92(m,1H),6.20–6.18(m,1H),6.06–6.03(m,1H),4.06(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.90–1.83(m,2H),1.53–1.50(m,2H),1.38–1.34(m,8H),0.93(t,J=6.4Hz,3H).红外FT-IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):2919,2850,1670,1601,1571,1504,1303,1241.MS(m/z,APCI)(M+H)+calcd for C31H30BrNO2S2,591.09,Found,592.3.
(2)化合物7的合成
将0.87g(15mmol)化合物6,0.83g(6mmol)K2CO3,以及Pd(PPh3)4(10mole%)加入到20mlDMF中,氩气保护下于40℃搅拌反应0.5h。然后搅拌下缓慢滴加0.21g(1.5mmol)溶于5ml DMF中的4-羟基-苯硼酸,加完后升温至80℃反应48h。反应结束后冷却,反应液倒入200ml水中,用CH2Cl2萃取。有机层用水洗涤数次以完全除去DMF。干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析分离提纯(二氯甲烷作为流动相),得到0.31g橙色产物,收率为34.1%。熔点:91-93℃。
(3)化合物8的合成
将0.24g(0.4mmol)化合物7和0.28g(2mmol)K2CO3加入到15ml DMF中,氮气保护下于室温搅拌反应0.5h。然后缓慢注入0.097g(0.5mmol)溶于5ml DMF中的1-溴辛烷,加完后升温至130℃反应24h。反应结束后冷却,反应液倒入200ml水中,用CH2Cl2萃取。有机层用水洗涤数次以完全除去DMF。干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析分离提纯(石油醚和二氯甲烷(1:1)作为流动相),得到0.23g暗黄色产物,收率为81.9%。熔点:161-163℃。核磁1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm):δ9.67(s,1H),7.50–7.47(m,1H),7.27–7.25(m,2H),7.14–7.12(m,3H),7.06–7.04(m,2H),7.00–6.95(m,3H),6.89–6.87(m,1H),6.80–6.78(m,2H),6.09–6.02(m,2H),3.91–3.84(m,4H),1.73–1.67(m,4H),1.35–1.21(m,20H),0.82–0.79(m,6H).红外FT-IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):2920,2847,1682,1609,1590,1504,1305,1241.MS(m/z,APCI)(M+H)+calcd for C45H51NO3S2,717.33,Found:718.32.
(4)三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料PPTA的合成
将0.18g化合物8(0.25mmol),0.41g氰基丙烯酸(5mmol),0.3mL哌啶(,3mmol)混合于30ml乙腈中,N2保护下回流8h。冷却后,反应液倒入HCl(2M,100ml)水溶液中。搅拌15min后加入200mL CH2Cl2萃取,有机层用200ml水洗涤两次。无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,粗产物通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯(先用二氯甲烷洗脱,再用二氯甲烷/CH3OH(20:1)洗脱)。得到0.13g黑色的吩噻嗪染料PPTA,收率为67.6%。熔点:253-255℃。核磁1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):δ8.21(s,1H),7.79–7.78(m,1H),7.55–7.54(m,1H),7.49–7.47(m,2H),7.45–7.44(m,1H),7.36–7.34(m,2H),7.29–7.25(m,2H),7.22–7.20(m,2H),7.17–7.14(m,1H),6.95–6.93(m,2H),6.15–6.11(m,2H),4.05(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.96(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.80–1.66(m,4H),1.47–1.38(m,4H),1.34–1.26(m,16H),0.89–0.84(m,6H).红外FT-IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):3442,2922,2851,2212,1685,1608,1577,1508,1310,1244.MS(m/z,APCI)(M+H)+calcd forC48H52N2O4S2,784.34,Found:785.33.
实施例3
对实施例1及实施例2染料的紫外-可见吸收光谱/荧光光谱测试,紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射谱图分别为图1、图2所示。
溶剂:四氢呋喃/二氯甲烷(1:1)
浓度:2×10-5M
温度:室温
仪器:Shimadzu UV-2450紫外可见风光光度计,Hitachi F-4500荧光光谱仪
将所得的数据汇总于表1中
染料 | 最大紫外/可见光吸收波长(nm) | 最大荧光发射波长(nm) |
实施例1 | 358,473 | 596 |
实施例2 | 359,476 | 571 |
表1实施例1和2中染料的最大紫外/可见吸收波长和最大荧光发射波长(nm)数据
实施例4
本发明中染料敏化太阳电池的制作如下:
(1)导电玻璃(FTO)的预处理:将导电玻璃依次在去油剂、无水乙醇和去离子水中用超声波充分清洗,然后烘干备用;
(2)TiO2纳晶颗粒及其浆料的制备:室温下,10mL Ti(OBu)4和20mL EtOH的混合液搅拌10分钟后,剧烈搅拌下于上述溶液中加入18mL乙酸和50mL去离子水并维持搅拌1h,然后将此混合液移入高压釜于230℃下处理12h,自然冷却至室温,将所得悬浊液过滤,分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤多次,50℃下于烘箱中烘6h至干,得到粒径约为20nm的TiO2纳晶颗粒;
(3)取TiO2纳晶颗粒1.0g,分别加入乙醇8.0mL、乙酸0.2mL、松油醇3.0g、乙基纤维素0.5g,将此混合物充分研磨40min,然后泥浆物经超声作用15min后得到所需 的白色粘性TiO2纳晶浆料;
(4)纳晶TiO2膜的制备:将处理好的导电玻璃导电面朝上,将丝网板放置于玻璃上方,控制1cm的网距,再将TiO2纳晶浆料置于丝网上进行印刷。每次印刷的TiO2膜需放入125℃的烘箱内烘烤5分钟,以便有机溶剂挥发。单次印刷的TiO2膜厚度约为4μm,重复数次得到厚度约16μm的TiO2膜。将制备好的TiO2膜放于马弗炉中依次在不同的温度下处理(325℃烘焙5min,375℃烘焙5min,375℃烘焙5min,450℃烘焙15min,500℃烘焙15min),而后将烘焙好的TiO2浸于70℃0.04M的TiCl4水溶液中处理30min。将处理结束的TiO2膜取出并用去离子水反复冲洗干净后,置于马弗炉中升温520℃再次烘焙30min,冷至室温后置于密封袋并存于干燥器中备用;
(5)染料溶液的配制:将权利要求1所述的吩噻嗪染料溶于四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷(体积比1:1)中,配制成5×10-4mol·L-1溶液;
(6)电解质溶液的配制:用乙睛和戊腈(体积比85:15)配制的含有0.6M1-甲基-3-丙基碘化咪唑嗡,0.1M硫氰酸胍,0.03M I2和0.5M对叔丁基吡啶的溶液;
(7)光阳极的敏化:通过步骤d制备的光阳极纳米多孔TiO2薄膜层浸染在权利要求1所述的吩噻嗪按步骤e配制的染料中;
(8)将H2PtCl6·6H2O溶于异丙醇溶液中,配制成浓度为5×10-3M的溶液,然后将配好的液体小心的滴在干净的导电玻璃表面上,并用玻棒轻轻滚动使之均匀涂覆在表面,将其自然晾干后置于马弗炉中400℃下烧结15min,此时H2PtCl6由于热分解生成Pt而沉积在导电玻璃表面,降温后将其取出,切割成所需尺寸并浸泡于无水乙醇中备用;
(9)在TiO2电极上盖一个铂电极,两边用夹子固定即形成了待测的开放性敏化染料太阳电池。将步骤d制备的电解液从对电极的小孔中注入;待两个电极之间没有气泡后,将其密封,制得染料敏化太阳电池。
实施例5
染料敏化太阳电池性能测试:
按照实施例4中的电池制备步骤,分别以实施例1和实施例2合成的染料组装成电池,分别从光阳极和光阴极引出导线,接到电池性能测试装置上,电池的工作面积为0.16cm2时,用太阳光模拟器模拟太阳光,将光强度调节至100mW/cm2分别测其光电转化效率。
将所测数据汇总于表2。
表2实施例1和实施例2染料用于染料敏化太阳电池性能数据
Claims (2)
1.一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料,其特征是具有以下结构:
2.权利要求1所述一类三向延长共轭链吩噻嗪染料在制备染料敏化太阳电池中的应用,其特征在于制备步骤包括:
a.FTO导电玻璃的预处理:将导电玻璃依次在去油剂、无水乙醇和去离子水中用超声波充分清洗,然后烘干备用;
b.TiO2纳晶颗粒的制备:室温下,10mL Ti(OBu)4和20mL EtOH的混合液搅拌后,搅拌下于上述溶液中加入18mL乙酸和50mL去离子水并维持搅拌1h,然后将此混合液移入高压釜于230℃下处理12h,自然冷却至室温,将所得悬浊液过滤,分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤多次,50℃下于烘箱中烘6h至干,得到粒径为20nm的TiO2纳晶颗粒;
c.TiO2纳晶颗粒浆料的制备:取TiO2纳晶颗粒1.0g,分别加入乙醇8.0mL、乙酸0.2mL、松油醇3.0g、乙基纤维素0.5g,将此混合物充分研磨40min,然后泥浆物经超声作用15min后得到所需的白色粘性TiO2纳晶浆料;
d.纳晶TiO2膜的制备:将处理好的导电玻璃导电面朝上,将丝网板放置于玻璃上方,控制1cm的网距,再将TiO2纳晶浆料置于丝网上进行印刷,每次印刷的TiO2膜需放入125℃的烘箱内烘烤5分钟,以便有机溶剂挥发;单次印刷的TiO2膜厚度为4μm,重复数次得到厚度16μm的TiO2膜;将制备好的TiO2膜放于马弗炉中依次在如下不同的温度下处理:325℃烘焙5min,375℃烘焙5min,375℃烘焙5min,450℃烘焙15min,500℃烘焙15min,而后将烘焙好的TiO2浸于70℃ 0.04M的TiCl4水溶液中处理30min;将处理结束的TiO2膜取出并用去离子水反复冲洗干净后,置于马弗炉中升温520℃再次烘焙30min,冷至室温后置于密封袋并存于干燥器中备用;
e.染料溶液的配制:将权利要求1所述的吩噻嗪染料溶于四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷中,配制成5×10-4mol·L-1染料溶液;
f.电解质溶液的配制:用乙腈和戊腈配制的含有0.6M 1-甲基-3-丙基碘化咪唑鎓,0.1M硫氰酸胍,0.03M I2和0.5M对叔丁基吡啶的溶液;
g.光阳极的敏化:步骤d制备的光阳极纳米多孔TiO2薄膜层浸染步骤e配制的染料溶液;
h.将H2PtCl6·6H2O溶于异丙醇溶液中,配制成浓度为5×10-3M的溶液,然后将配好的液体滴在干净的导电玻璃表面上,并用玻棒滚动使之均匀涂覆在表面,将其自然晾干 后置于马弗炉中400℃下烧结15min,此时H2PtCl6由于热分解生成Pt而沉积在导电玻璃表面,降温后将其取出,切割成设定的尺寸并浸泡于无水乙醇中备用;
i.在TiO2电极上盖一个铂电极,两边用夹子固定即形成了待测的开放性敏化染料太阳电池;将步骤f制备的电解液从对电极的小孔中注入;待两个电极之间没有气泡后,将其密封,制得染料敏化太阳电池。
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