CN103497151A - 一种4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN103497151A
CN103497151A CN201310523035.9A CN201310523035A CN103497151A CN 103497151 A CN103497151 A CN 103497151A CN 201310523035 A CN201310523035 A CN 201310523035A CN 103497151 A CN103497151 A CN 103497151A
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methylnicotinic acid
amino
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hydroxyl
ester
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赵孝杰
吕红超
梁辉
王超
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Shandong Baoyuan Pharmaceutical Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/80Acids; Esters in position 3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/803Processes of preparation

Abstract

本发明公开了一种4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法。它包括:(1)4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸中加入醇类化合物进行酯化反应得到化合物Ⅱ;(2)化合物Ⅱ加入卤化试剂进行卤化得到化合物Ⅲ;(3)化合物Ⅲ加入氨水进行反应得到化合物Ⅳ;(4)化合物Ⅳ再加入无机酸进行脱保护得到4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸。本发明所用的原料经济易得,易于工业化生产,反应条件温和,易于控制。

Description

一种4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物合成领域,具体涉及氨基吡啶衍生物4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法。
背景技术
4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸,英文名称:4-Amino-6-methylnicotinicacid,CAS No:127915-50-8;分子式:C7H8N2O2;分子量:152.152;化学结构式如下所示。它是一种重要的化工原料,可以做为许多头孢类产品的侧链。
Figure 2013105230359100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
在4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成过程中,在吡啶环的4位上氨基比较困难,现有报导的合成方法比较少,比如:利比希化学纪事,(9),913-16;1990,其反应过程如下:
Figure 275662DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
上述合成方法原料比昂贵,合成方法比较复杂。
发明内容
本发明克服了上述现有技术的不足,提供了一种4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法。该方法是将4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸的羟基用卤素取代,再用氨基取代卤素得到。该合成方法简单,原料来源广泛,适宜工业化生产的进行。
本发明的技术方案是:一种4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,
(1)4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸(化合物Ⅰ)中加入醇类化合物进行酯化反应得到4-羟基-6甲基烟酸酯(化合物Ⅱ);
(2)化合物Ⅱ加入卤化试剂进行溴化得到4-溴-6-甲基烟酸酯(化合物Ⅲ);
(3)化合物Ⅲ加入氨水进行反应得到4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸酯(化合物Ⅳ);
(4)化合物Ⅳ再加入无机酸进行脱保护反应得到4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸(化合物Ⅴ)。
具体反应方程式如下所示。
 
Figure 2013105230359100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸加入反应器中,再加入醇类化合物加热回流反应1-10小时,减压浓缩至干得化合物Ⅱ;
(2)将步骤(1)所得化合物Ⅱ加入卤化试剂,加热至60-190℃保温反应1-10小时,然后降温至40℃以下把反应液倒入冰水中,过滤得到化合物Ⅲ;
(3)将步骤(2)所得化合物Ⅲ加入到高压反应器中,加入醇类试剂和氨水,在压力0.1-1.0MPa时升至100-200℃反应1-10小时,反应液浓缩至干,得固体化合物Ⅳ;
(4)再加入醇类试剂,搅拌溶解后加入无机酸调pH值至3-5,然后加入有机溶剂打浆后过滤得到产物。
所述步骤(1)中醇类化合物包括:甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇等醇类化合物,优选甲醇。所述醇类化合物与4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸的质量比为1-5:1,以2:1为最佳。
所述步骤(1)中还可以加入催化剂氯化亚砜,所述氯化亚砜与4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸的摩尔比为1-2:1,以1.2:1为最佳。
所述步骤(2)卤化试剂为:三溴氧磷、三氯氧磷等,以三溴氧磷为最佳。所述卤化试剂与化合物Ⅱ的摩尔比为1-5:1,以2:1为最佳。
所述步骤(2)的反应温度优选为80-100℃。
所述步骤(3)反应温度范围100℃-200℃,优选为150℃。
所述步骤(3)和(4)所用的醇类试剂包括:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等。所用的醇类试剂和氨水的比例可以是任意比,以体积比1:1为最佳。
所述步骤(3)中化合物Ⅲ与氨水的摩尔比为1:1-10,1:8为最佳。
所述步骤(4)所用无机酸优选盐酸或者硫酸。
所述步骤(4)打浆用的有机溶剂包括:石油醚、正已烷、乙醚等有机溶剂。
本发明的合成方法可以应用于其它4-氨基的吡啶类衍生物方面,为4-氨基的吡啶类衍生物的应用提供了一种新的思路。
本发明所用的原料经济易得,易于工业化生产,反应条件温和,易于控制。
具体实施方式
实施一:
取20g4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸加入500ml反应瓶中,再加入氯化亚砜18g、甲醇40g加热至回流反应5小时,减压浓缩至干得固体19.6g,然后加入三溴氧磷65g,加热至85℃保温6小时,然后降温至40℃以下把反应液倒入的500ml冰水中,搅拌20分钟后,过滤得固体24.6g,将所得固体加入到高压反应器中,加入甲醇30g、氨水30g,在压力0.7MPa时升至150℃反应5小时后转入500ml反应瓶中减压浓缩至干,得固体17.1g,再加入甲醇30g,搅拌溶解后加入浓盐酸14g调pH值至4,加入石油醚120g打浆1小时后过滤得固体13.5g。总收率为67.9%,纯度为99.8%。
实施二:
取20g4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸加入500ml反应瓶中,再加入氯化亚砜18g、甲醇40g加热至回流反应8小时,减压浓缩至干得固体19.8g,然后加入三溴氧磷66g,加热至90℃保温6小时,然后降温至40℃以下把反应液倒入的500ml冰水中,搅拌20分钟后,过滤得固体25.1g,将所得固体加入到高压反应器中,加入甲醇30g、氨水30g,在压力0.7MPa时升至150℃反应10小时后转入500ml反应瓶中减压浓缩至干,得固体17.7g,再加入甲醇30g,搅拌溶解后加入浓盐酸16g调pH值至4,加入石油醚120g打浆1小时后过滤得固体14.2g。总收率为71.7%,纯度为99.8%。

Claims (10)

1.一种4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,
(1)4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸中加入醇类化合物进行酯化反应得到4-羟基-6甲基烟酸酯;
(2)4-羟基-6甲基烟酸酯加入卤化试剂进行溴化得到4-溴-6-甲基烟酸酯;
(3)4-溴-6-甲基烟酸酯加入氨水进行反应得到4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸酯;
(4)4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸酯再加入无机酸进行脱保护反应得到4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(1)中醇类化合物为甲醇、乙醇或者正丙醇。
3.如权利要求1所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(2)的卤化试剂为三溴氧磷或者三氯氧磷。
4.如权利要求1所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(4)所用无机酸为盐酸或者硫酸。
5.如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,
(1)将4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸加入反应器中,再加入醇类化合物加热回流反应1-10小时,减压浓缩至干得4-羟基-6甲基烟酸酯;
(2)将步骤(1)所得4-羟基-6甲基烟酸酯加入卤化试剂,加热至60-190℃保温反应1-10小时,然后降温至40℃以下把反应液倒入冰水中,过滤得到4-溴-6-甲基烟酸酯;
(3)将步骤(2)所得4-溴-6-甲基烟酸酯加入到高压反应器中,加入醇类试剂和氨水,在压力0.1-1.0MPa时升至100-200℃反应1-10小时,反应液浓缩至干,得4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸酯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸酯再加入醇类试剂,搅拌溶解后加入无机酸调pH值至3-5,然后加入有机溶剂打浆后过滤得到产物。
6.如权利要求5所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(1)中还加入催化剂氯化亚砜,所述氯化亚砜与4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸的摩尔比为1-2:1。
7.如权利要求5所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(3)和(4)所用的醇类试剂为甲醇、乙醇或者异丙醇。
8.如权利要求5所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(1)醇类化合物与4-羟基-6-甲基烟酸的质量比为1-5:1。
9.如权利要求5所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(2)卤化试剂与4-羟基-6甲基烟酸酯的摩尔比为1-5:1。
10.如权利要求6-9中任意一项所述的4-氨基-6-甲基烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述步骤(3)中化合物4-溴-6-甲基烟酸酯与氨水的摩尔比为1:1-10。
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