CN103496151A - 一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103496151A
CN103496151A CN201310468623.7A CN201310468623A CN103496151A CN 103496151 A CN103496151 A CN 103496151A CN 201310468623 A CN201310468623 A CN 201310468623A CN 103496151 A CN103496151 A CN 103496151A
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陈启杰
晏永祥
王萍
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法。该方法以木薯或玉米原淀粉为原料，加入增塑剂，聚乙烯醇，增溶剂，其他助剂在高速搅拌机混合均匀，通过双螺杆挤压机（十二节筒体）挤压，在第十节筒体处以液体喷枪注入交联剂，物料挤压后通过挤压机出料口，再经干燥、冷却、粉碎后得到涂布纳米淀粉；本发明得到的造纸涂布用纳米淀粉，平均粒径50-250nm，粒径分布均匀，且纳米颗粒表面光滑平整，具有高固含量、低粘度、流动性好、成膜性好，粘结力强、使用方便等特点，可替代30-60%的丁苯胶乳，提高纸张性能，降低成本，利于环保。

Description

一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于淀粉变性技术领域，特别涉及一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法。
背景技术
淀粉是一种重要的可再生和可生物降解的天然资源，淀粉分子上有很多羟基，在一定温度条件下，能吸水膨胀而糊化，具有一定的粘性和粘着力，在工业上有较广泛的应用。
目前纸张涂布粘合剂主要是丁苯胶乳和涂布淀粉，丁苯胶乳粘度低，对于涂料及涂布纸张各项性能良好，但价格高、为不可再生的石油资源。涂布淀粉价格便宜，且具有较好的粘结力，是变性淀粉中质量要求较高的改性淀粉，我国对于涂布变性淀粉的研发起步较晚，质量存在诸多不足，在一定固含量下粘度太大、成膜性差，在涂布配方中不适合多加。如氧化涂布淀粉采用湿法氧化变性，产品的保水性、流动性、粘结力均不理想；醋酸酯淀粉采用湿法酯化、氧化变性，引入乙酰基团是非离子型的，在碱性条件下易水解脱落，导致产品流动性和保水性不稳定；磷酸酯淀粉采用干法磷酸酯化变性，引入磷酸根负离子基团，在涂布损纸回用时，会形成阴离子垃圾，对纸机湿部带来不良影响。
采用双螺杆挤压技术生产造纸涂布用纳米淀粉，工艺简单，无污水产生，反应效率高，生产成本低。挤压法生产涂布用纳米淀粉，在对淀粉进行塑化增强粘结力的同时，还可使淀粉糊化，并通过挤压后期添加交联剂，对析出的淀粉分子进行干交联，从而形成稳定的纳米级淀粉。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服目前涂布淀粉技术上存在的缺陷，提供一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的挤压制备方法，将其得到的改性淀粉用作纸张涂布粘合剂，可以取代现有涂料配方中的涂布淀粉和部分胶乳，从而降低纸张涂布成本，且有利于配置高固含量、低粘度的涂料。
本发明的技术方案为：一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，以原淀粉为原料，加入增塑剂，聚乙烯醇，增溶剂，其他助剂在高速搅拌机混合均匀，通过双螺杆挤压机（十二节筒体）挤压，在第十节筒体处以液体喷枪注入交联剂，物料挤压后通过挤压机出料口，再经干燥、冷却、粉碎后得到涂布纳米淀粉；
1）制备混合料
称取原淀粉，按比例加入增塑剂，聚乙烯醇，增溶剂，其他助剂，加蒸馏水调节体系水分含量至20-30%，在转速为2000-2500r/min的高速搅拌机中混合均匀；
2）双螺杆挤压机挤压条件控制
螺杆转速200-400rpm，挤压机十二节筒体温度分别设定为60-70℃，70-80℃，80-90℃，90-95℃，95-100℃，100-105℃，105-110℃，110-115℃，115-120℃，120-125℃，125-130℃，130-135℃；挤压机出料口的模头孔径为5-10mm；
3）挤压
将混合料放入双螺杆挤压机，经由喂料器进入挤压机内挤压，开始进行淀粉的塑化及增强粘结力，并在挤压机第十节筒体处以液体喷枪注入交联剂，使已塑化增粘化的淀粉分子的碳六原子通过交联剂的官能团互相连接，形成稳定的纳米淀粉微粒；
4）干燥、粉碎
将通过双螺杆挤压机挤压反应后所得产物放入烘箱，烘箱温度35-45℃，对挤出物进行烘干，在室温下冷却，用粉碎机粉碎，得造纸涂布用纳米淀粉产品。
本发明所用的原淀粉为木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉中的一种。
所述的增塑剂是水、甘油、尿素、柠檬酸中的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的5%-10%。
所述聚乙烯醇为市售牌号为1788和1799两种牌号商品中的一种或两种的混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的1%-10%。
所述增溶剂为聚山梨酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的0.2%-1%。
所述的其他助剂为十八酸、十六醇、十八醇中的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的0.1%-1%。
所述的交联剂为环氧氯丙烷、乙二醛、甲醛中的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的1%-5%。
本发明的有益效果：本发明采用双螺杆挤压技术（十二节筒体）生产的纳米淀粉，原料易得，生产工艺简单，生产成本降低，绿色无污染，可生物降解。
本发明制得的产品造纸涂布用纳米淀粉，平均粒径50-250nm，粒径分布均匀，且纳米颗粒表面光滑平整，在制备造纸涂料时，冷水可溶，使用时直接加入涂料中即可，不用进行糊化，该涂布纳米淀粉具有高固含量、低粘度、流动性好、成膜性好，粘结力强、使用方便等特点，可替代30-60%的丁苯胶乳，提高纸张性能，降低成本，利于环保。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
称取20kg玉米淀粉，加入甘油1.2kg，聚乙烯醇（1788）600g，聚山梨酯80g，十八醇40g，加蒸馏水调节体系水分含量至26%，在转速为2500r/min的高速搅拌机混合均匀；调节双螺杆挤压机螺杆转速350rpm，挤压机十二节筒体温度分别设定为60℃，70℃，80℃，90℃，100℃，105℃，110℃，115℃，120℃，125℃，130℃，135℃；挤压机出料口的模头孔径为5mm。将混合料经由喂料器进入双螺杆挤压机内挤压，并在挤压机第十节筒体以液体喷枪注入交联剂乙二醛400g。将挤出物放入烘箱，烘箱温度40℃，对挤出物进行烘干，在室温下冷却，用粉碎机粉碎，得造纸涂布用纳米淀粉产品。
实施例2：
称取20kg玉米淀粉，加入甘油1.4kg，聚乙烯醇（1788）800g，聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯100g，十八醇40g，加蒸馏水调节体系水分含量至28%，在转速为2200r/min的高速搅拌机混合均匀；调节双螺杆挤压机螺杆转速400rpm，挤压机十二节筒体温度分别设定为65℃，75℃，85℃，90℃，100℃，105℃，110℃，115℃，120℃，125℃，130℃，130℃；挤压机出料口的模头孔径为5mm。将混合料经由喂料器进入双螺杆挤压机内挤压，并在挤压机第十节筒体以液体喷枪注入交联剂环氧氯丙烷400g。将挤出物放入烘箱，烘箱温度40℃，对挤出物进行烘干，在室温下冷却，用粉碎机粉碎，得造纸涂布用纳米淀粉产品。
实施例3：
称取25kg玉米淀粉，加入甘油2.0kg，聚乙烯醇（1799）1.5g，聚山梨酯50g，十六醇50g，加蒸馏水调节体系水分含量至25%，在转速为2500r/min的高速搅拌机混合均匀；调节双螺杆挤压机螺杆转速360rpm，挤压机十二节筒体温度分别设定为65℃，70℃，80℃，90℃，100℃，105℃，110℃，115℃，120℃，120℃，125℃，130℃；挤压机出料口的模头孔径为6mm。将混合料经由喂料器进入双螺杆挤压机内挤压，并在挤压机第十节筒体以液体喷枪注入交联剂乙二醛500g。将挤出物放入烘箱，烘箱温度40℃，对挤出物进行烘干，在室温下冷却，用粉碎机粉碎，得造纸涂布用纳米淀粉产品。 

Claims (7)

1.一种造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，其特征在于：以原淀粉为原料，加入增塑剂，聚乙烯醇，增溶剂，其他助剂在高速搅拌机混合均匀，通过双螺杆挤压机（十二节筒体）挤压，在第十节筒体处以液体喷枪注入交联剂，物料挤压后通过挤压机出料口，再经干燥、冷却、粉碎后得到涂布纳米淀粉；主要步骤为：
1）制备混合料：称取原淀粉，按比例加入增塑剂，聚乙烯醇，增溶剂，其他助剂，加蒸馏水调节体系水分含量至20-30%，在转速为2000-2500r/min的高速搅拌机中混合均匀；
2）双螺杆挤压机挤压条件控制：螺杆转速200-400rpm，挤压机十二节筒体温度分别设定为60-70℃，70-80℃，80-90℃，90-95℃，95-100℃，100-105℃，105-110℃，110-115℃，115-120℃，120-125℃，125-130℃，130-135℃；挤压机出料口的模头孔径为5-10mm；
3）挤压：将混合料放入双螺杆挤压机，经由喂料器进入挤压机内挤压，开始进行淀粉的塑化及增强粘结力，并在挤压机第十节筒体处以液体喷枪注入交联剂，使已塑化增粘化的淀粉分子的碳六原子通过交联剂的官能团互相连接，形成稳定的纳米淀粉微粒；
4）干燥、粉碎：将通过双螺杆挤压机挤压反应后所得产物放入烘箱，烘箱温度35-45℃，对挤出物进行烘干，在室温下冷却，用粉碎机粉碎，得涂布纳米淀粉产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的原淀粉为木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的增塑剂是水、甘油、尿素、柠檬酸中的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的5%-10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的聚乙烯醇为市售牌号为1788和1799两种牌号商品中的一种或两种的混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的1%-10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的增溶剂为聚山梨酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的0.2%-1%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的其他助剂为十八酸、十六醇、十八醇中的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的0.1%-1%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的造纸涂布用纳米淀粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的交联剂为环氧氯丙烷、乙二醛、甲醛中的一种或两种混合物，用量为原淀粉绝干量的1%-5%。
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