CN103467186A - Tricholoma giganteum cultivation material combination and preparation method of cultivation material - Google Patents
Tricholoma giganteum cultivation material combination and preparation method of cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103467186A CN103467186A CN2013103731061A CN201310373106A CN103467186A CN 103467186 A CN103467186 A CN 103467186A CN 2013103731061 A CN2013103731061 A CN 2013103731061A CN 201310373106 A CN201310373106 A CN 201310373106A CN 103467186 A CN103467186 A CN 103467186A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tricholoma giganteum cultivation material. The tricholoma giganteum cultivation material is characterized in that chestnut branch chips, bract shell chips and chestnut shell chips are taken as the main raw materials, rice bran, bean pulp, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate and lime powder are supplemented as the auxiliary materials, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is 63%-65%. The invention further provides a preparation method of the cultivation material. The tricholoma giganteum cultivation material has the advantages as follows: 1, treatment including sun exposure, accumulation and aging and biological fermentation is performed on the chestnut branch chips, the bract shell chips and the chestnut shell chips, the toxic bacteriostat is removed, macromolecular substances are degraded, the absorption of the tricholoma giganteum mycelium is facilitated, and the vigorous growth of the mycelium is realized; 2, the cultivation material is reasonable in matching, the mycelium is good in air permeability and strong in water retention, a large amount of effective mushrooms is achieved, and the biological efficiency reaches 90.4%-98.6%; 3, the channels for the cultivation raw materials are broadened, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises golden good fortune mushroom planting material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Jin Fugu has another name called Tricholoma lobayense, large spoken parts in traditional operas mushroom, is a kind of high-quality edible mushroom be in exploitation.Its sporophore is grown thickly, and just, the bacterial context plumpness, distinguish the flavor of micro-sweet and delicious, has obvious mushroom fragrance, and storage tolerance is good for mushroom body circle, is described as the flavor matter outstanding person in excellent mushroom that holds concurrently.
Jin Fugu belongs to middle and high warm type mushroom, suitablely between summer to autumn, cultivates, and has the advantage of supplementary slack season, and its economic worth is very high, thereby has future develop.
Raw material for cultivating tricholoma lobayense mainly contains cotton seed hulls, weed tree sawdust etc. at present.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, Jin Fugu production faces the problem of shortage of raw materials and production cost rising, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is the first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, the Chinese Chestnut cultivated area was 200,000 hm
2, ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
In Chinese chestnut production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, 700,000 tons of the branch Yue Keda that the pruning of annual Cong Li garden falls, however these branches are not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, shell, have another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell that 60kg-90kg is arranged, and these luxuriant shells are drawn materials easily, enormous amount, but done fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone rots; The 3rd, the chestnut shell, plant skin for the pericarp of Li Jianguo, accounts for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, and the chestnut shell is to produce in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise processed it as waste, both increased production cost, wastes again resource.
The Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; The bud shell, contain higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; The chestnut shell, contain the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, and wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.Above these components, can grow essential carbon source, nitrogenous source is provided for edible fungi growth.But chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these three kinds of materials of chestnut shell also contain the materials such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of processing comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.After treatment, owing to having removed the objectionable impurities that affects the hypha of edible fungus growth, therefore be suitable for the growth of golden good fortune mushroom mycelia.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly the shortage today, utilize chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell to consider these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating tricholoma lobayenses to be worth doing, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
1, a kind ofly take the golden good fortune mushroom planting material compatibility that chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material compatibility, following component and quality proportioning are arranged: chestnut branch bits 23%-33%, bud shell bits 22%-28%, chestnut shell bits 18%-22%, rice bran 20%, dregs of beans 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
Chestnut branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: be exposed to the sun, be ground into the following particle of particle diameter 3mm (preventing the long sack that punctures of luxuriant shell thorn), be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell bits: be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell that fresh nothing is gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Rice bran: be by product when after rice hulling, essence is ground rice, contain protein 12%-18% in rice bran, nitrogen-free extract is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8%, in addition, also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Dregs of beans: be a kind of byproduct obtained after the soybean extracting bean oil, the main component of dregs of beans is: protein 40%-48%, Methionin 2.5%-3.0%, tryptophane 0.6%-0.7%, methionine(Met) 0.5%-0.7%.
Calcium superphosphate: phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient are provided.
Lime powder, light calcium carbonate: regulate, stablize the planting material potential of hydrogen.
The making method of planting material, comprise the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, dregs of beans, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, the plastics stopper is changed into to tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 27 ℃-28 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 27d-28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, then after-ripening 7d-10d, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, dregs of beans, calcium superphosphate, light calcium carbonate, lime powder, makes golden good fortune mushroom planting material.Its advantage is: the one, and chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are processed through sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation, have both removed poisonous bacteriostatics, make again the macromolecular substance degraded, are conducive to the absorption of golden good fortune mushroom mycelia, and the mycelia growing way is vigorous; The 2nd, the planting material reasonable ratio, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and effectively mushroom quantity is many, and its biological efficiency reaches 90.4%-98.6%; The 3rd, widened the culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, golden good fortune mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 23%, luxuriant shell bits 28%, chestnut shell bits 22%, rice bran 20%, dregs of beans 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: 2d is exposed to the sun raw material before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pat surrounding, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm on heap, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃; keep 24h; then carry out turning; and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, dregs of beans, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet; turning number of times totally 5 times; time remaining 7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, the plastics stopper is changed into to tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 28 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%.Through the cultivation of 27d, mycelia is covered with pocket, then after-ripening 8d, enters management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, golden good fortune mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 28%, luxuriant shell bits 25%, chestnut shell bits 20%, rice bran 20%, dregs of beans 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, golden good fortune mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 33%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 18%, rice bran 20%, dregs of beans 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on golden good fortune mushroom biological efficiency
Claims (8)
1. a golden good fortune mushroom planting material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 23%-33%, bud shell bits 22%-28%, chestnut shell bits 18%-22%, rice bran 20%, dregs of beans 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut branch bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dries and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
3. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described luxuriant shell bits, for the following particle of particle diameter 3mm, are deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing.
4. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut shell bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing, ageing 1 year.
5. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rice bran is by product when after rice hulling, essence is ground rice.
6. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described dregs of beans is a kind of byproduct obtained after the soybean extracting bean oil.
7. the making method of the golden good fortune mushroom planting material described in a claim 1-6 is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, dregs of beans, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
8. utilize the golden good fortune mushroom planting material described in claim 1-7, after it is characterized in that accessing bacterial classification, the plastics stopper is changed into to tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 27 ℃-28 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, cultivation through 27d-28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, then after-ripening 7d-10d, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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Citations (5)
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| JP2000253746A (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-19 | Shunichi Shibayama | Culture medium for tricholoma irinum, and artificial cultivation of tricholoma irinum |
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| CN101570452A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-04 | 孙伟 | Preparation method of tricholoma giganteum massee compost |
| CN102010253A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-04-13 | 孙伟 | Tricholoma giganteum culture material |
| CN102807430A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-05 | 王来战 | Preparation method of Tricholoma lobayense Heim culture material |
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2013
- 2013-08-12 CN CN201310373106.1A patent/CN103467186B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000253746A (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-19 | Shunichi Shibayama | Culture medium for tricholoma irinum, and artificial cultivation of tricholoma irinum |
| CN1723757A (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-25 | 广州市微生物研究所 | Method for culturing |
| CN101570452A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-04 | 孙伟 | Preparation method of tricholoma giganteum massee compost |
| CN102010253A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-04-13 | 孙伟 | Tricholoma giganteum culture material |
| CN102807430A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-05 | 王来战 | Preparation method of Tricholoma lobayense Heim culture material |
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| 李昌春，等: "板栗蒲壳栽培香菇试验初报", 《食用菌》 * |
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