CN103461650B - Feed additive and feed thereof - Google Patents
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- CN103461650B CN103461650B CN201310435959.3A CN201310435959A CN103461650B CN 103461650 B CN103461650 B CN 103461650B CN 201310435959 A CN201310435959 A CN 201310435959A CN 103461650 B CN103461650 B CN 103461650B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive and a feed thereof. The feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: b, bacillus subtilis spore powder: 100-; clostridium butyricum spore powder: 200-300; mannan oligosaccharide: 80-150 parts of; 75-125 parts of organic chromium; papain: 0.5-1.0. The compound feed disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the production performance of growing-finishing pigs which weigh 60Kg to the market, increase the feed conversion rate, reduce the fat deposition of the carcass, reduce the drip loss of the longissimus dorsi, reduce the thickness of backfat, increase the eye muscle area, improve the muscle tenderness and reduce the breeding cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed, and particularly relates to a feed additive and a batch mixture for improving meat quality.
Background
At present, China has become the first major country of pork consumption in the world. Whether food is safe or not is one of the most concerned hotspots of the whole people, namely, the 'clenbuterol' event, the 'fast-growing chicken' event, the 'water-injected meat' event and the 'Yangtze river float dead pig' event, and the relations of cultivation, environment, food and health are asked after one time. The Shuanghui group is repudiating $ 71 million, and the largest pork supplier in the United states, "Smischild," is being distributed for purchase, and in this purchase, the U.S. government is most concerned about food safety issues in China.
Pork quality is a relatively complex concept, and there are many comprehensive factors, including nutritional value, physicochemical properties, flavor, etc., that determine the quality of pork. The pork nutritive value comprises the amino acid content, the fatty acid content, the trace element content and the like in the muscle. The physical and chemical properties of the pig muscle mainly comprise the pH value of the muscle, the flesh color, marbling, tenderness, water loss rate, cooked meat rate, eye muscle area and the like. The flavor mainly comprises fragrance and delicate flavor, and acidic amino acids such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid and the like are main components for delicious meat flavor. The fragrance of the pork is mainly generated by heating fatty acid, and a certain proportion of intramuscular fat can increase the tenderness and the nutritional value of the pork.
When the weight of the commercial pig exceeds 60kg and comes to the market, the growth of the carcass is gradually converted from the growth and development of skeletal muscle into fat deposition, the thickness of backfat is controlled, the lean meat percentage of the carcass and the fat content between muscles are maintained, the drip loss of the muscle is reduced, the tenderness of the pork is maintained, and the quality of the pork is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a feed additive and a batch mixture for improving meat quality.
The invention firstly provides a feed additive for improving meat quality, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: b, bacillus subtilis spore powder: 100-; clostridium butyricum spore powder: 200-300; mannan oligosaccharide: 80-150 parts of; 75-125 parts of organic chromium; papain: 0.5-1.0.
Wherein the collection mode of the bacillus subtilis spores and the clostridium butyricum spores is low-temperature freeze drying.
Wherein the yield of the bacillus subtilis spores and the clostridium butyricum spores is not less than 50 hundred million/g.
The mannan oligosaccharide is one of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, konjac mannan oligosaccharide and galactomannan oligosaccharide.
The organic chromium is one of chromium picolinate, chromium methionine and chromium yeast.
The papain is not less than 5 ten thousand activity units.
The feed additive can be added into the conventional daily ration of pigs to prepare a batch for feeding. Therefore, the invention also provides a batch containing the feed additive.
The feed additive and the dilution carrier are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 4-1: 8, and then the mixture is added into conventional daily ration according to the weight ratio of 3-5 per mill to prepare a batch.
Wherein the diluting carrier is selected from one or more of rice bran, corn flour, soybean meal and puffed soybean, and is pulverized and sieved with a 60-mesh sieve for use.
Further, the invention also provides application of the feed additive in improving pork quality, the feed additive is uniformly mixed with the dilution carrier according to a certain proportion, the mixing proportion is 1: 4-1: 8, and the feed additive is mixed with conventional ration in a mixer according to a proportion of 3-5% per thousand and fed.
The compound feed is applied to commercial pigs with the weight of 60 kilograms on the market.
The bacillus subtilis spore has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, extrusion resistance and temperature change resistance, and can meet the requirements of various feeds on granulation processing. The bacillus spore obtained by low-temperature freezing spray drying can be rapidly revived on the upper part of the intestinal tract after entering the intestinal tract, and the revival rate is close to 100%. The bacillus subtilis can degrade complex organic matters in animal and plant feeds in digestive enzymes such as intestinal endocrine protease, amylase, lipase and the like, promote digestion and absorption and improve the utilization rate of the feeds. Meanwhile, the excretion of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the excrement is reduced, the emission of harmful gas is reduced, the concentration of ammonia gas, indole and other harmful gas in a culture place is reduced, the odor of the excrement is reduced, the culture environment is improved, the digestion and absorption functions are enhanced, the nutrient components and natural pigments in the feed are fully absorbed and utilized, and the coloring degree and the edible flavor of animal products are increased.
The clostridium butyricum has high spore yield and good stability, and spores can not only generate probiotic substances after entering small intestines to be reactivated, but also promote the absorption of vitamin E, degrade cholic acid and improve the oxidation resistance.
The mannooligosaccharides are also called mannooligosaccharides and have extremely strong stability. Acid resistance, alkali resistance, heat resistance, digestive enzyme resistance, wide sources, and the functions of regulating the immunity of the organism and the gastrointestinal tract environment.
The use of organic chromium can improve the absorption rate of chromium, which can reach 15-25%. The addition of organic chromium in the feed can improve lean meat percentage, reduce backfat thickness and increase eye muscle area.
The papain is pure natural plant protease containing sulfhydryl (-SH), is safe and nontoxic, has the activities of protease and esterase, has strong hydrolysis capacity on animal and plant proteins, polypeptides, esters, amides and the like, has biochemical action similar to that of animal digestive enzymes, hydrolyzes macromolecular protein substances which are not easy to absorb and digest into amino acids, is beneficial to absorption and utilization of proteins, and thus improves the flavor and tenderness of pork.
The additive disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the production performance, increase the feed conversion rate, reduce the fat deposition of the carcass, reduce the drip loss of the longissimus dorsi, reduce the thickness of backfat, increase the eye muscle area, improve the muscle tenderness and reduce the cultivation cost when being used for feeding growing-finishing pigs which weigh 60Kg to the market.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The sources of the respective components in examples 2 and 3 are the same as in example 1 unless otherwise specified, but the components of the present invention are not limited to these sources.
Example 1
100g of bacillus subtilis spore powder, no less than 100 hundred million/g of spore (purchased from Zhejiang Uigai Biotechnology Limited), 300g of clostridium butyricum spore powder, no less than 50 hundred million/g of spore (purchased from Zhejiang Uigai Biotechnology Limited), 80g of konjac mannan oligosaccharide (purchased from Chengdu Yongan pharmaceutical company and with the content of no less than 70%), 125g of methionine (purchased from Zhongshan City best feed development Limited, with the chromium content of no less than 1.0% and the methionine content of no less than 9.8%), 0.5g of papain (the feeding papain is purchased from Guangzhou Zhongzhou Zhongyuan Biotechnology Limited and with the enzyme activity unit of no less than 5g per gram), and is uniformly mixed with 3000g of corn to obtain the feed.
The additive and other daily grains are put into a stirrer to be mixed evenly, and the commercial pigs are fed. The feed formula comprises: 696.4Kg of corn, 100Kg of bran, 160Kg of peeled soybean meal and 4% of premix S414Y40Kg (Dabeinong), the total amount is 1000 Kg.
Example 2
200g of bacillus subtilis spore powder, 200g of clostridium butyricum spore powder, 150g of galactomannan-oligosaccharide (purchased from Shandong Kenren and biology Co., Ltd., content is more than or equal to 40 percent), 75g of chromium picolinate (purchased from sheep Xin Mei Gong Kong Co., Ltd., chromium Melamine, China general Ltd.)
Wherein the chromium picolinate (carboxylic acid) is more than or equal to 9.90 percent; cr (chromium) component3+Not less than 1.22 percent) and 1g of feed papain, and is uniformly mixed with 3750g of corn meal.
The additive and other daily grains are put into a stirrer to be mixed evenly, and the commercial pigs are fed. The feed formula comprises: 695.6Kg of corn, 100Kg of bran, 160Kg of peeled soybean meal, and 1000Kg of 4% premix S414Y40 Kg.
Example 3
150g of bacillus subtilis spore powder, 250g of clostridium butyricum spore powder, 100g of yeast cell wall polysaccharide (the effective content is more than or equal to 94 percent and is purchased from Huzhou gift biotechnology limited company), 100g of yeast chromium (the organic chromium content is more than or equal to 2000 mu g/g and is purchased from Zhuhaitian bioengineering technology limited company), 0.8g of papain for feeding and 3000g of corn flour are uniformly mixed to obtain the feed.
The additive and other daily grains are put into a stirrer to be mixed evenly, and the commercial pigs are fed. The feed formula comprises: 696.4Kg of corn, 100Kg of bran, 160Kg of peeled soybean meal and 4% of premix S414Y40Kg, the total amount is 1000 Kg.
Test example 1
Test animals and daily ration:
selecting fattening pigs (Du X big X long) with weight of about 60kg, randomly dividing the fattening pigs into 4 treatments according to the weight, wherein each treatment is repeated for 3 times, each treatment is repeated for 10 pigs, and the proportion of male pigs and female pigs in each treatment is consistent. The test is finished when the average body weight reaches about 110 Kg. (about 8 weeks)
The feed is prepared by treating 1 common corn-soybean meal type daily ration and treating 2-4 compound feeds of the invention in the embodiment 1-3.
The formula of the common corn-soybean meal type daily ration is as follows: 680kg of corn, 60kg of bran, 100kg of soybean meal, 120kg of puffed soybean and 40kg of 4% premix.
Test procedure:
feeding, management, medication and immunization of pigs are carried out according to the prescribed procedures of a pig farm.
The weight of the pigs was weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment (gavage: 12 hours). After the test was completed, 6 slaughters, one half each for male and female, were selected from each treatment. Measurement indexes are as follows: feed conversion ratio, backfat change, lean meat percentage, dressing percentage, longissimus dorsi drip loss, tenderness, pH 45 minutes and 24 hours after dressing.
Results and analysis:
table 160Kg commercial pig Productivity and meat quality statistics
| Index (I) | Process 1 | Treatment 2 | Treatment 3 | Treatment 4 |
| Meat ratio of materials | 3.01 | 2.73 | 2.76 | 2.70 |
| Backfat (mm) | 18.0 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 17.0 |
| Lean meat percentage (%) | 61.56 | 65.68 | 68.9 | 65.22 |
| Dressing percentage (%) | 71.25 | 74.26 | 75.0 | 74.56 |
| Water loss of longissimus dorsi (%) | 8.21 | 7.51 | 7.35 | 7.48 |
| Shear force of longissimus back (Kg) | 3.56 | 3.26 | 3.15 | 3.22 |
| pH（45min）* | 6.12 | 6.26 | 6.24 | 6.25 |
| pH（24h）** | 5.80 | 5.63 | 5.60 | 5.65 |
***: the pH of normal pork after slaughter is 6.1-6.4, and the meat which has a pH of below 5.8 and is accompanied by a large amount of off-white exudation of meat 45min after slaughter is called PSE meat. Pork pH was above 6.0 at 24h post slaughter, with a dull-colored dry surface called DFD meat, both of which were off-grade pork.
As can be seen from Table 1, the feed conversion rate and meat quality of each treated commercial pig were superior to those of the control group after feeding the diets of the present invention for 8 weeks. The foreign three-element commercial pig is selected in the test, the original slaughter rate and lean meat percentage of the foreign three-element commercial pig are higher in the world, the two indexes are respectively improved by 1.46-5.26% and 5.9-11.9%, and if the additive can be applied in a large scale, the profit of food processing enterprises at the downstream of an industrial chain is certainly increased. The longissimus dorsi related data reflects the tenderness level of pork, which is one of the indexes for improving the mouthfeel, and the additive provided by the invention has great improvement on tenderness of commercial pigs 8 weeks before marketing, wherein the treatment effect of the treatment 3 (example 3) is optimal.
Comparative example 1
Test animals and daily ration:
selecting fattening pigs (Du X big X long) with weight of about 60kg, randomly dividing the fattening pigs into 2 treatments according to the weight, wherein each treatment is repeated for 5 times, each treatment is repeated for 10 pigs, and the proportion of male pigs and female pigs in each treatment is consistent. The test is finished when the average body weight reaches about 110 Kg. (about 8 weeks)
Treatment 1 was fed with the formula feed containing example 7 of the comparative patent (201210580375.0), and treatment 2 was fed with the formula feed of the present invention example 3.
The formula of treatment 1 ration was as follows: 680kg of corn, 60kg of bran, 100kg of soybean meal, 120kg of puffed soybean and 40kg of 4% premix. Meat quality modifier: 240g of bacillus subtilis powder, 80g of bacillus coagulans powder, 80g of clostridium butyricum powder, 14g of chitosan oligosaccharide and 22g of astragalus polysaccharide powder.
Test procedure:
feeding, management, medication and immunization of pigs are carried out according to the prescribed procedures of a pig farm.
The weight of the pigs was weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment (gavage: 12 hours). After the test was completed, 4 slaughters, male and female halves, were selected from each treatment. Measurement indexes are as follows: feed conversion ratio, backfat change, lean meat percentage, dressing percentage, longissimus dorsi drip loss, tenderness, pH 45 minutes and 24 hours after dressing.
Results and analysis:
table 260 Kg commercial pig production Performance and meat quality statistics to the Top market
| Index (I) | Process 1 | Treatment 2 |
| Meat ratio of materials | 3.12 | 2.70 |
| Backfat (mm) | 16.8 | 17.5 |
| Lean meat percentage (%) | 62.5 | 68.9 |
| Dressing percentage (%) | 72.2 | 78.2 |
| Water loss of longissimus dorsi (%) | 7.55 | 7.22 |
| Shear force of longissimus back (Kg) | 3.45 | 3.20 |
| pH（45min）* | 6.05 | 6.25 |
| pH（24h）** | 5.75 | 5.60 |
***: the pH of normal pork after slaughter is 6.1-6.4, and the meat which has a pH of below 5.8 and is accompanied by a large amount of off-white exudation of meat 45min after slaughter is called PSE meat. Pork pH was above 6.0 at 24h post slaughter, with a dull-colored dry surface called DFD meat, both of which were off-grade pork.
Through feeding tests by adding the additive in the comparative patent (201210580375.0) to the feed for the fattening pigs in the example 7, it can be seen that all measurement indexes of the addition effect of the patent in the example 3 are superior to those in the comparative patent, particularly the 'feed-meat ratio' index in the comparative patent, the advantages of the fattening pigs are not reflected at all, the analysis shows that the fat deposition speed of the fattening pigs is increased mainly in the later growth period, and the additive combination in the comparative patent focuses on improving the immunity of young animals, so that the effect of improving the meat quality, particularly the tenderness, is general.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The feed additive is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: b, bacillus subtilis spore powder: 100-; clostridium butyricum spore powder: 200-300; yeast cell wall polysaccharide: 80-150 parts of; 75-125 parts of yeast chromium; papain: 0.5-1.0.
2. The feed additive of claim 1 wherein the bacillus subtilis spores and the clostridium butyricum spores are collected by freeze-drying at low temperature.
3. The feed additive of claim 1 or 2 wherein the yield of bacillus subtilis spores and clostridium butyricum spores is not less than 50 hundred million/gram.
4. The feed additive of claim 1 wherein the papain is not less than 5 ten thousand activity units.
5. A batch containing the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The batch according to claim 5, wherein the feed additive and the diluting carrier are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 4-1: 8, and then the mixture is added into conventional daily ration according to the weight ratio of 3-5 per mill to prepare the batch.
7. The batch according to claim 6, wherein the diluting carrier is one or more of rice bran, corn flour, soybean meal and expanded soybean, and is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve for later use.
8. Use of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the batch according to any one of claims 5 to 7 for improving the meat quality of pork, wherein the feed additive is mainly used for commercial pigs whose body weight is 60kg to the market.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105192312A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-30 | 河北农业大学 | Pig feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN106562038B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2020-10-13 | 云南大北农饲料科技有限公司 | Functional feed for improving pork quality |
| CN106819470A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-06-13 | 湖北高生生物饲料有限公司 | Pig feed additive and its preparation method and application |
| CN107183358A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-22 | 华南农业大学 | The application of PIOGITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE and chromium methionine in terms of pig feed additive is fattened |
| CN110841063A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-28 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | High-efficiency anti-eimeria composition for broiler chickens as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113647511A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-16 | 有鱼有品(深圳)生物技术有限公司 | Pet food component with excrement odor improving function |
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| CN101558824A (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-21 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Compound micro-ecological preparation |
| CN101683127A (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2010-03-31 | 刘显富 | Novel pig feed formula |
| CN101816378A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-09-01 | 蓝德安 | Breeding feed additive |
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| Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality,and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs;Q. W. Meng et al.;《J ANIM SCI》;20100618(第88期);3320-3326 * |
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