CN103461106A - Method for breeding and planting morning glory with high ornamental value, disease resistance and high yield - Google Patents
Method for breeding and planting morning glory with high ornamental value, disease resistance and high yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding and planting morning glory, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. By the method for breeding the morning glory with a high ornamental value, disease resistance and high yield provided by the invention, the obtained new variety of the morning glory has the characteristics of vigorous growth, excellent ornamental traits, large flowering number, long ornamental period, high heat resistance and disease resistance; after the strain is determined, pollen and affinity are further optimized, so that the seed yield of the new variety is high. By the method, disease-resistant and high-yield hanging morning glory without climbing property is bred; the variety type of the morning glory is increased; the species of ornamental horticultural plants are enriched; a hanging greening ornamental effect is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of seed selection morning glory and cultivation thereof, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Morning glory (Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy) is the annual climing property voluble herb plant of Convolvulaceae ipomoea; numerous garden-varieties is arranged; the class of wherein dangling morning glory is the new varieties with ornamental value, and sarmentum is elongated: 180～250cm, how close complete stool is by short bristle.The leaf alternate, decomposite leaf, the flower armpit is given birth to, common 1 to several be born in peduncle and push up, corolla is horn-like.The bright-coloured beauty of pattern.Capsule is spherical, and ripe rear born of the same parents carry on the back cracking, seed black, brown or yellow-white, and the life-span is very long.The irregular yellowish-white patch of tool on green blade, spend large-scale, Hua Jing 11～14cm, to October, mostly thank towards opening the noon June at florescence.Both considerable flowers, also considerable leaf, bright-coloured flower and with the blade collocation of strong green, there is higher ornamental value.Morning glory originates in Asia and the torrid zone, Africa.In Japan, cultivation is contained most, claims towards the face flower, and selects numerous garden-varieties, and the flower type changes various, and pattern is rich and varied, with the blade collocation of strong green, brings out the best in each other, exquisite beyond compare.The morning glory cultivation management is simple; the cauline leaf softness; will reach good appreciation effect if can do the cultivation of dangling; the ornamental plants of much dangling is all to see Ye Weizhu; the color form is more single; and it is climing shorter to do at present the general plants stems of flowers that hanging views and admires; plant height, at 10-40cm, all is into flower ball-shaped with hanging basin or the cultivation of hanging basket form, to see Hua Weizhu; and the morning glory of dangling of climbing up by holding on to property of nothing; changed this situation, axis is climing longer, not only considerable flower but also considerable leaf; enrich the kind of ornamental horticulture plant, promoted the effect that greening is viewed and admired.The sight flower Hanging Plants that is usually used at present gardens be take petunia as main, also has hanging beauty cherry, hanging babysbreath and hanging catharanthus roseus etc., the Hanging Plants plant height of these types is generally at 10-40cm, to see Hua Weizhu, ornamental use is similar, and gardens are viewed and admired, hang the basin decoration and arrange flower bed etc. for potted plant usually.Many Variety Introduction and reports about Petunia hybrida are arranged now.Petunia (Petunia hybrida) is the herbaceos perennial of Solanaceae Petunia, Chang Zuoyi, biennial cultivation, garden-variety is many, plant height 10-80cm, Petunia hybrida wherein is a kind of petunia of the type of overgrowing, climing length is at 15-40cm, scape is at 5-7cm, mainly do and hang basin or hang gaily decorated basket cultivation, to see Hua Weizhu, whole plant becomes flower ball-shaped.
Although petunia is similar with morning glory flower corolla; all horn-like; but they are to adhere to not two kinds of dissimilar plants of equal genus separately; on cultivation management, the happiness of Petunia hybrida happiness light is fertile; be afraid of arid; not moisture-proof waterlogging; hot summer-flowering negligible amounts, could bloom in early spring and autumn and winter season by illumination and Temperature Treatment, if extend the period of seeing flower; to liquid manure; soil acidity or alkalinity, trace element have requirement, if can not reach cultivation condition, plant there will be Huang Ye; the phenomenons such as minimizing of blooming, cultivation management technology is had relatively high expectations.The petunia seed is tiny, and during seeding and seedling raising, specification requirement is high, otherwise can reduce the germination and emergence rate, has therefore increased production cost.
The morning glory of the type of dangling, cultivation management is simple, and adaptability is stronger, and drought-resistant lean soil is not afraid of wet waterlogging, vigorous in the torridity summer growth, blooms in great numbers.And the scope of application is wider on gardens, because plants stems is climing longer, both can also can arrange tracery wall, flower hedge, small-sized frame with hanging basin or the gaily decorated basket is done the plants ' aesthetics that dangles, be suitable for park, the hedge flower stand of garden, can also be for the hillside fields greening of road both sides.To cultivation management technology, require low.The morning glory seed grain is large, and easily simple during seeding and seedling raising, emergence rate is high, manages relatively simple.
The morning glory gardens scope of application of the type of therefore dangling is wider, and cultivation management is simple, and ornamental plantation is effective, and production cost is low.But the existing morning glory kind color of dangling is single, take white as main, and seed production is lower, and disease is serious, inspection information, the report of the class morning glory that finds no that the seed selection sight is good, high-yield disease resisting dangles.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the defect existed for prior art, a kind of seed selection of proposition is viewed and admired, and ornamental value is high and disease-resistant, the method for high yield morning glory and cultivation thereof.
The present invention is the technical solution problem by the following technical programs: a kind of seed selection sight is good, disease-resistant, the method for high yield morning glory, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, in the seed farm of the morning glory K11-53 of dangle class morning glory K11-56, the purple of white and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory, to bloom, number is many, the class morning glory K11-56 individual plant that dangles of the white number of blooming surpasses 90 Duo ∕ strains; The morning glory K11-53 of purple and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory individual plant are bloomed number over 150 Duo ∕ strains.Ripening rate is high, and the class morning glory K11-56 ripening rate that dangles of white is more than 35%; The morning glory K11-53 of purple and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory ripening rate are more than 75%.Disease-free for the individual plant of each kind of target selection;
Step 2, will after the individual plant mark of each kind, carry out selfing, obtain the F1 of each kind for seed;
Step 3, the F1 of each kind is planted for seed, to bloom, number is many, and the class morning glory K11-56F1 that dangles of white surpasses 90 Duo ∕ strains for the individual plant number of blooming; The morning glory K11-53 of purple and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory F1 are bloomed number over 150 Duo ∕ strains for individual plant.Ripening rate is high, white the class morning glory K11-56F1 that dangles for ripening rate more than 35%; The morning glory K11-53 of purple and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory F1 for ripening rate more than 75%.Disease-free is each kind F1 of target selection individual plant in generation.
Step 4, the individual plant in K11-56F1 generation of take are maternal, and the K11-53F1 of take carries out interspecific cross on behalf of the individual plant in B as male parent on behalf of A and K11-54F1, obtains AF1 and BF1 for hybrid seed;
Step 5, AF1 and BF1 are sowed respectively, select without climbing up by holding on to ability, pattern is consistent with male parent, between disease resistance Johnson & Johnson is long-term, plant infects without any disease, the number of blooming many (individual plant is bloomed number over 110 Duo ∕ strains), pollen amount is large (visually observes the flower of blooming when at 9-10 in morning of fine day, each stamen in flower is white, grow and normally there is no abortion or overstrike, and the surface of stamen all is covered with and sheds pollen load, can this judge that the stamen growth is normal and pollen amount is large, because it is undesired that the flower stamen of part morning glory can be grown, abortion or brown stain, although part morning glory stamen is normal, but the surface without pollen, shed) individual plant selfing, the individual plant that retains self-fruitful rate high (ripening rate is more than 55%),
Step 6, the individual plant of described reservation is carried out to continuous selfing 4-5 generation, obtain the morning glory new lines;
Step 7, by the sowing of described morning glory new lines to blooming; carry out individual plant Pollen Activity mensuration, the self-compatibility single plant yield when observing and gathering in the crops in conjunction with seed; select many individual plants of blooming and bloom number over 120 Duo ∕ strains; pollen activity high (flower pollen germination rate and Pollen Activity percentage mean value are more than 80%); self-compatibility is the new varieties of (self-fruitful rate is more than 60%) better, i.e. the morning glory of disease-resistant, high yield.
In the described step 7 of said method, select 15-20 individual plant to carry out seed selection.
The present invention further provides that seed selection is disease-resistant, the cultivation method of high yield morning glory, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, in spring and summer, described disease-resistant, high yield morning glory is sowed, germination temperature remains on 20-30 ℃;
Step 2, when the seedling of described morning glory grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf, carry out field planting;
Step 3, when described morning glory grows to 6-7 sheet blade, to the main climing pinching for the first time of carrying out, the branches and tendrils of regenerating between the axil after pinching for the first time, after branches and tendrils grow 3-4 sheet blade, pinching again;
Step 4, in vegetative period by 400～500 times of liquid spraying prevention powdery mildews of 500～600 times of liquid of 50% sulphur deflocculant or 70% mancozeb, when disease occurs, spray 1000 times of liquid of 15% triadimefon, but aphid is sprayed to 2000～2500 times of liquid controls of 10% Imidacloprid wet-milling.
In the described step 1 of said method, grow seedlings and select seedbed program request or point disk seedling growing, the surface of the seed earthing 0.5-1cm.Described point disk seedling growing adopts 56 hole dishes.Before sowing, the kind skin at kind of ridge place is cut open.
In described step 2, the flowerpot or the flower bed that contain base fertilizer are selected in field planting.While as dangling, making scape, field planting adopts dense planting 15 * 15cm.
In described step 3, after each pinching, topdressed, for the first time after pinching in conjunction with watering with 0.1-0.2% urea top dressing, for the second time after pinching in conjunction with watering with 0.5% N-P
2o
5-K
2the water soluble composite fertilizer top dressing that O is 20-10-20, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of florescence every 15-20 days foliage-sprays 0.2-0.3%, can make its branch strong full of leaves, and the flower polychrome is gorgeous.
The morning glory new varieties that obtain by method of the present invention have that growth potential is prosperous, and fancy points is excellent, and the quantity of blooming is many; viewing period is long, and stronger warm tolerance and the characteristics of disease resistance, after strain is determined; preferred through further pollen and compatibility, make the new varieties seed production higher.Select, disease-resistant high yield good without the sight of the climbing up by holding on to property morning glory of dangling by the method, increased the variety type of morning glory, enriched the kind of ornamental horticulture plant, promoted the effect that the greening of dangling is viewed and admired.New varieties have the following advantages:
(1) florescence longer, the number of blooming is many, in 6～October of florescence, individual plant is bloomed several 120-130, seed production is higher, more than single plant yield reaches 25g, is former maternal white more than 2 times of morning glory output that dangle.
(2) fancy points is good, the climing softness of stem, and aubergine or redness, without climbing up by holding on to property, the irregular yellowish-white patch of tool on green blade, spend large-scalely, and Hua Jing 11～14cm, do the cultivation of dangling, and stem, leaf, Huadu have appreciation effect preferably.
(3) the plant strain growth gesture is vigorous, heat-resisting drought resisting, and disease resistance is strong.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention one Breeding Process schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention two Breeding Process schematic diagrames.
Embodiment
Material source: the great Hua decomposite leaf dangles and leads a cow, pattern is white (Q940-1DN9Q3), kind numbering k11-56, great Hua decomposite leaf are climbed up by holding on to the purple of leading a cow (Q05-9DY), kind numbering k11-53, the great Hua decomposite leaf is climbed up by holding on to the pink of leading a cow (Q03-54N), kind numbering K11-54, and above 3 kind Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City are on sale, other medicaments are commercially available, below repeat no more.
Test method:
Pollen viability measuring method
(1) pollen germination determination method
Pollen germination culture medium prescription: sucrose 15-20%, boric acid 0.001%, agar 0.5%.
Cultivate and the observed and recorded method: put into 15,20,, 25,30,35 ℃ of incubators, respectively 2,6,12,18,24,36,48h takes out film recording, add up respectively the pollen germination rate in 3 different visuals field under the Olymbus microscope, and measure pollen tube length with micrometer.Each sample size is 10, and random sampling repeats for 3 times.Statistics pollen germination rate and pollen tube length, filter out pollen germination rate the highest, the widest individual plant of temperature range of sprouting.
(2) adopt triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method: take 0.5g TTC and put into beaker, add a little 95% alcohol to make its dissolving, then with distilled water diluting to 100ml.Get fresh morning glory pollen, a little is placed on dry clean slide, adds 1-2 0.5%TTC solution; stir evenly rear covered, put in 35 ℃ of insulating boxs microscopy after 10-15min; all Pollen Activities dyed for red are strong, and light red taking second place, colourless person is not for there is no vigor or pollen sterile.Observe 2-3 slice, thin pieces, get 5 visuals field for every, add up the rate of dyeing of pollen, mean the vigor percentage of pollen with rate of dyeing.
(3) IKI dye-binding assay: I
2-KI solution: get 2g KI and be dissolved in 5～10ml distilled water, add 1g I
2, until completely dissolved, then add distilled water 300ml.Store in brown bottle standby.Get fresh morning glory pollen on slide,, then add 1-2 I2-KI solution, covered, examine under a microscope.Every stronger pollen grain of vigor for containing starch that is dyed to blueness, being filemot is hypogenetic pollen grain.Observe 2～3 slice, thin pieces, get 5 visuals field for every, add up the rate of dyeing of pollen, mean the fertility of pollen with rate of dyeing.
Self-compatibility is measured:
At the beginning of (1) 9 month; in morning glory, bloom the Sheng phase; choose the flower of newly opening the same day at 9-10 in the morning; dip pollen with writing brush, brushing on column cap gently (taken and carried out at same), then with stapler, petal ordered; each individual plant is processed 10 flowers; the record of listing after processing finishes, carry out once in every 2-3 days, carries out altogether 10 times.Within after each the processing 30-35 days, check statistics setting and solid situation.
At the beginning of (2) 9 months; in morning glory, bloom the Sheng phase; choose the flower of newly opening the same day at 9-10 in the morning; dip pollen with writing brush; (at same individual plant, on different flower, carry out) on the column cap that brushes another morning glory gently, then with stapler, petal is ordered, each individual plant is processed 10 flowers; the record of listing after processing finishes, carry out once in every 2-3 days.Carry out altogether 10 times, within after each the processing 30-35 days, check statistics setting and solid situation.
At the beginning of (3) 9 months; in morning glory, bloom the Sheng phase; in the time of at 4-5 in afternoon, (bud length is greater than 3.5cm, and calyx sheet length approaches half of bud total length to choose the bud that second day is about to bloom; and petal opens slightly); order petal with stapler, its second day flower can not be launched, each individual plant is processed 10 flowers; the record of listing after processing finishes, carry out once in every 2-3 days.Carry out altogether 10 times, within after each the processing 30-35 days, check statistics setting and solid situation.
In the present invention, adopted above 3 kinds of processing to carry out self-compatibility mensuration, chosen three kinds and process all individual plants preferably of solid situations.
(bud of morning glory is that the calyx sheet tightly wraps up petal while forming, in the flower bud development process petal and sepal all in elongation, the Petal growth speed, when bud length is greater than 3.5cm, calyx sheet length approach or surpass the bud total length half be about to bloom)
Embodiment mono-
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment disease-resistant, high yield morning glory of seed selection by the following method:
1, the selection of parent material: at dangle seed farm and the purple (K11-53) of morning glory (K11-56) of Arabescato look, climb up by holding on in the seed farm of morning glory, all many with the number of blooming respectively, ripening rate is high, without the powdery mildew disease, is target seed selection individual plant.
2, select then these individual plants, each individual plant selfing after mark, obtain F
1for seed.
3, at the F of two kinds
1in the plant colony after the seed plantation, continuation is many with the number of blooming, and ripening rate is high, without the powdery mildew disease, it is target seed selection individual plant, and the individual plant of selecting of take in K11-56 is maternal, and the individual plant that the A (K11-53) of take respectively selects carries out interspecific cross as male parent, obtains AF
1for hybrid seed.
4, AF
1sowing, with without climbing up by holding on to ability, that pattern and paternal character approach is consistent, disease resistance strong, the number of blooming is many, and pollen amount is large, for breeding goal is selected individual plant selfing, 16 good individual plants of reservation self-fertility, the superseded low individual plant of ripening rate.
5, retain the individual plant offspring after planting, continue with said method seed selection individual plant, 4 generations of selfing continuously, obtain respectively dangle 2 of morning glory new lines of the purple similar with this male parent fancy points.
6, after the new lines sowing is bloomed; select respectively by each strain of field observation the number of blooming many; 15-20 individual plants that infect without any disease that pollen amount is larger; by the individual plant Pollen Activity, measure; self-compatibility is observed, and the single plant yield while gather in the crops in conjunction with seed, final definite select bloom many; pollen germination rate is higher, and the column cap compatibility purple morning glory new varieties-purple cloud that dangles preferably.
7, new varieties feature:
The climing aubergine of axis, without climbing up by holding on to property, the climing length 180～250cm of stem, plant corpus is by hair, leaf alternate, the long 11～14cm of leaf; Leaf tool dark three splits, and central sliver is larger, the irregular yellowish-white patch of tool on green blade, and the base portion heart, middle sliver Long Circle is point suddenly, and the side sliver is shorter, triangle, breach is sharp.Spend 1 to 3 armpit to give birth to, spend large-scale, corolla funnel-form, Hua Jing 11～14cm, purple; Stamen 5-6, do not stretch out outside corolla, and filigree is not isometric; Gynoecium 1, the column cap head, capsule is subsphaeroidal, seed ovum shape prismatic, pitchy, in 6～October of florescence, the single-strain seed amount is at 28.4g, and the field plant disease resistance is stronger, and the powdery mildew infection rate is lower than 5%.
8, the main fancy points of new varieties that parent and seed selection obtain is relatively in Table 1:
Table 1
9, the new varieties fecundity that parent and seed selection obtain and disease resistance are relatively in Table 2
Table 2
| Parent and new varieties | Single plant yield (g) | White powder diseased plant infection rate (%) |
| Maternal | 12.78 | ＞25 |
| Male parent | 33.5 | ﹤5 |
| New varieties | 28.4 | ﹤5 |
10, warm tolerance relatively
The new varieties of the present embodiment can continuous one week under the natural high-temperature condition of 35-39 ℃, at any unguarded open-air condition lower blade, the shrinkage warp does not occur, plant strain growth is normal, and in summer high temperature season, generally within 5-7 days, water once, if collect seed cultivation on stereo flower bed or ground, can reach more than 10 days the interval time of watering, even slight blade wilting phenomenon is arranged, can restore normal growth after watering.But the phenomenon of shrinkage warp and wilting all occurs in its male parent and maternal blade under the same conditions, and the convalescence after watering is longer, even can't recover.
The present embodiment is disease-resistant, the cultivation method of high yield morning glory is as follows:
(1) grow seedlings: generally at spring and summer, all can sow, can require suitably to determine date of seeding, 20-30 ℃ of germination thermophilics, about 7 days left and right seed germinations according to viewing and admiring.Can adopt seedbed program request or point disk seedling growing, earthing 0.5-1cm.The seedbed seeding and growing seedling is 300/1m approximately
2, point disk seedling growing adopts 56 hole dishes.Before sowing, at seed ridge place, suitably carve and break in the seed coat, be conducive to neat emerging fast.
(2) field planting: when seedling grows to two or three true leaf, get final product field planting in the flowerpot that has added in advance base fertilizer, or need to be made in the flower bed of scape, but dangle, make scape rational close planted 15 * 15cm.
(3) pinching: when morning glory grows to 6-7, can impel branch to main climing pinching, after pinching, give birth to again branches and tendrils between axil for the first time, after branches and tendrils bear three or four leaves, pinching again, be conducive to the plant type grace plentiful.After each pinching, all suitably topdress.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly in vegetative period, prevent and treat powdery mildew and aphid.
Embodiment bis-
As shown in Figure 2, the present embodiment disease-resistant, high yield morning glory of seed selection by the following method:
1, the selection of parent material: in dangle seed farm and the pink (K11-54) of morning glory (K11-56) of Arabescato look, climb up by holding on in the seed farm of morning glory, all many with the number of blooming respectively, ripening rate is high, without the powdery mildew disease, is target seed selection individual plant.
2, select then these individual plants, each individual plant selfing after mark, obtain F
1for seed.
3, at the F of two kinds
1in the plant colony after the seed plantation, continuation is many with the number of blooming, and ripening rate is high, without the powdery mildew disease, it is target seed selection individual plant, and the individual plant of selecting of take in K11-56 is maternal, and the individual plant that the B (K11-54) of take respectively selects carries out interspecific cross as male parent, obtains BF
1for more than 200 of hybrid seed.
4, BF
1sowing, with without climbing up by holding on to ability, that pattern and paternal character approach is consistent, disease resistance strong, the number of blooming is many, and pollen amount is large, for breeding goal is selected individual plant selfing, 14 good individual plants of reservation self-fertility, the superseded low individual plant of ripening rate.
5, retain the individual plant offspring after planting, continue with said method seed selection individual plant, continuously 4-5 generations of selfing, obtain respectively the dangle morning glory new lines similar with this male parent fancy points.
6, after the new lines sowing is bloomed; select respectively by each strain of field observation the number of blooming many; 15-20 individual plants that infect without any disease that pollen amount is larger; by the individual plant Pollen Activity, measure; self-compatibility is observed, and the single plant yield while gather in the crops in conjunction with seed, final definite select bloom many; pollen germination rate is higher, and the column cap compatibility pink morning glory new varieties-rosy clouds brightness that dangles preferably.
7, new varieties feature:
The climing redness of axis, without climbing up by holding on to property, the climing length 180～250cm of stem, plant corpus is by hair, leaf alternate, the long 11～14cm of leaf; Leaf tool dark three splits, and central sliver is larger, the irregular yellowish-white patch of tool on green blade, the base portion heart, middle sliver Long Circle is point suddenly, the side sliver is shorter, triangle, breach is sharp, spends 1 to 3 armpit to give birth to, spend large-scale, corolla funnel-form, Hua Jing 11～14cm, pink; Stamen 5-6, do not stretch out outside corolla, and filigree is not isometric; Gynoecium 1, the column cap head, capsule is subsphaeroidal, seed ovum shape prismatic, yellowish-brown, 6～October of florescence.The single-strain seed amount is at 26.5g, and the field plant disease resistance is stronger, and the powdery mildew infection rate is lower than 5%.
8, the main fancy points of new varieties that parent and seed selection obtain is relatively in Table 3:
Table 3
9, the new varieties fecundity that parent and seed selection obtain and disease resistance are relatively in Table 4:
Table 4
| Parent and new varieties | Single plant yield (g) | White powder diseased plant infection rate (%) |
| Maternal | 12.78 | ＞25 |
| Male parent | 31.3 | ﹤5 |
| New varieties | 26.5 | ﹤5 |
10, warm tolerance relatively
The new varieties of the present embodiment can continuous one week under the natural high-temperature condition of 35-39 ℃, at any unguarded open-air condition lower blade, the shrinkage warp does not occur, plant strain growth is normal, and in summer high temperature season, generally within 5-7 days, water once, if collect seed cultivation on stereo flower bed or ground, can reach more than 10 days the interval time of watering, even slight blade wilting phenomenon is arranged, can restore normal growth after watering.But the phenomenon of shrinkage warp and wilting all occurs in its male parent and maternal blade under the same conditions, and the convalescence after watering is longer, even can't recover.
The present embodiment is disease-resistant, the cultivation method of high yield morning glory is as follows:
(1) grow seedlings: generally at spring and summer, all can sow, can require suitably to determine date of seeding, 20-30 ℃ of germination thermophilics, about 7 days left and right seed germinations according to viewing and admiring.Can adopt seedbed program request or point disk seedling growing, earthing 0.5-1cm.The seedbed seeding and growing seedling is 300/1m approximately
2, point disk seedling growing adopts 56 hole dishes.Before sowing, at seed ridge place, suitably carve and break in the seed coat, be conducive to neat emerging fast.
(2) field planting: when seedling grows to two or three true leaf, get final product field planting in the flowerpot that has added in advance base fertilizer, or need to be made in the flower bed of scape, but dangle, make scape rational close planted 15 * 15cm.
(3) pinching: when morning glory grows to 6-7, can impel branch to main climing pinching, after pinching, give birth to again branches and tendrils between axil for the first time, after branches and tendrils bear three or four leaves, pinching again, be conducive to the plant type grace plentiful.After each pinching, all suitably topdress.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly in vegetative period, prevent and treat powdery mildew and aphid.
Except above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of a seed selection sight comprises the following steps:
Step 1, in the seed farm of the morning glory K11-53 of dangle class morning glory K11-56, the purple of white and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory, to bloom, number is many, ripening rate is high, disease-free is the individual plant of each kind of target selection;
Step 2, will after the individual plant mark of each kind, carry out selfing, obtain the F1 of each kind for seed;
Step 3, the F1 of each kind is planted for seed, and according to each kind F1 of the target selection in described step 1 individual plant in generation;
Step 4, the individual plant in K11-56F1 generation of take are maternal, and the K11-53F1 of take carries out interspecific cross on behalf of the individual plant in B as male parent on behalf of A and K11-54F1, obtains AF1 and BF1 for hybrid seed;
Step 5, AF1 and BF1 are sowed respectively, select that ability, pattern and male parent are consistent without climbing up by holding on to, disease resistance strong, bloom that number is many, pollen amount large, individual plant selfing, the high individual plant of reservation self-fruitful rate;
Step 6, the individual plant of described reservation is carried out to continuous selfing 4-5 generation, obtain the morning glory new lines;
Step 7, by the sowing of described morning glory new lines to blooming; carry out individual plant Pollen Activity mensuration, the self-compatibility single plant yield when observing and gathering in the crops in conjunction with seed, select and bloom manyly, pollen activity is high; self-compatibility is new varieties preferably, i.e. the morning glory of disease-resistant, high yield.
2. the method for good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described step 1, the number of blooming refers to that the class morning glory K11-56 individual plant that dangles of described white blooms number over 90 Duo ∕ strains more; The morning glory K11-53 of purple and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory individual plant are bloomed number over 150 Duo ∕ strains, and ripening rate is high refers to that the class morning glory K11-56 ripening rate that dangles of white is more than 35%; The morning glory K11-53 of purple and pink K11-54 climbing class morning glory ripening rate are more than 75%.
3. the method for good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in described step 5; disease resistance refers to that by force the growing period plant infects without any disease; the number of blooming refers to that individual plant blooms number over 110 Duo ∕ strains more; pollen amount referred to greatly and visually observe the flower of blooming when at 9-10 in morning of fine day; each stamen in flower is white; grow and normally there is no abortion or overstrike; and the surface of stamen all is covered with the pollen load that sheds and, and ripening rate is high refers to that ripening rate is more than 55%.
4. the method for good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 7, select 15-20 individual plant to carry out seed selection; Bloom and refer to that the individual plant number of blooming surpasses 120 Duo ∕ strains more, pollen activity is high refers to that flower pollen germination rate and Pollen Activity percentage mean value are more than 80%, and self-compatibility better refers to that self-fruitful rate is more than 60%.
5. the cultivation method of good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 1 comprises the following steps:
Step 1,, high yield morning glory good, disease-resistant to described sight in spring and summer are sowed, and germination temperature remains on 20-30 ℃;
Step 2, when the seedling of described morning glory grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf, carry out field planting;
Step 3, when described morning glory grows to 6-7 sheet blade, to the main climing pinching for the first time of carrying out, the branches and tendrils of regenerating between the axil after pinching for the first time, after branches and tendrils grow 3-4 sheet blade, pinching again;
Step 4, in vegetative period by 400～500 times of liquid spraying prevention powdery mildews of 500～600 times of liquid of 50% sulphur deflocculant or 70% mancozeb, when disease occurs, spray 1000 times of liquid of 15% triadimefon, but aphid is sprayed to 2000～2500 times of liquid controls of 10% Imidacloprid wet-milling.
6. the cultivation method of good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in described step 1, grow seedlings and select seedbed program request or point disk seedling growing, the surface of the seed earthing 0.5-1cm, described point disk seedling growing to adopt 56 holes dishes.
7. the cultivation method of good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 6, is characterized in that: before sowing, the kind skin at kind of ridge place is cut open.
8. the cultivation method of good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, the flowerpot or the flower bed that contain base fertilizer are selected in field planting.
9. the cultivation method of good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: while as dangling, making scape, field planting adopts dense planting 15 * 15cm.
10. the cultivation method of good, disease-resistant, the high yield morning glory of seed selection sight according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: in described step 3; after each pinching, topdressed; for the first time after pinching in conjunction with watering with 0.1-0.2% urea top dressing, for the second time after pinching in conjunction with watering with 0.5% N-P
2o
5-K
2the water soluble composite fertilizer top dressing that O is 20-10-20, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of florescence every 15-20 days foliage-sprays 0.2-0.3%.
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| CN106416999A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-22 | 万农高科股份有限公司 | Water spinach selection breeding method and planting method thereof |
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