CN103443413A - 尾气过滤材料及包括这种尾气过滤材料的尾气过滤器元件 - Google Patents

尾气过滤材料及包括这种尾气过滤材料的尾气过滤器元件 Download PDF

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CN103443413A
CN103443413A CN2012800077500A CN201280007750A CN103443413A CN 103443413 A CN103443413 A CN 103443413A CN 2012800077500 A CN2012800077500 A CN 2012800077500A CN 201280007750 A CN201280007750 A CN 201280007750A CN 103443413 A CN103443413 A CN 103443413A
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斯特凡·尧斯
斯文·西格勒
阿内特·阿诺尔德
托马斯·屈尔魏因
霍尔格·洛伊布纳
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Carl Freudenberg KG
Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0654—Support layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0677—More than one layer present in the filtering material by spot-welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1426—Filtration means
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于尾气过滤器的尾气过滤材料（1），包括三层（3、4、5），即，基底层（3）、覆盖层（4）和位于其间的过滤层（5），其中，所有的层（3、4、5）由聚丙烯无纺布形成。由此能够获得尾气过滤材料（1）的较长使用寿命。

Description

尾气过滤材料及包括这种尾气过滤材料的尾气过滤器元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于尾气过滤器的尾气过滤材料以及包括这种尾气过滤材料的尾气过滤器元件。
背景技术
尿素在现代机动车中用于还原内燃机的废气中的氮氧化合物，其中所谓的SCR方法（选择性催化还原法）在此使用得越来越多。在SCR方法中，尿素被注入到热的废气流中并分解成氨，该氨在下游催化剂中还原氮氧化合物。以这种方式注入到废气中的尿素因而总体上促进了机动车辆的发射特性。一般而言，机动车辆中的尿素在其中使用之前被过滤，也就是在注入到废气流之前被过滤，为此使用尾气过滤器。已知的尾气过滤器的缺陷在于，这些尾气过滤器由于尿素所产生的侵进环境而仅在一定程度上耐用。
发明内容
本发明涉及的问题是对尾气过滤材料提供改进的实施例，其特征特别在于增大的使用寿命。
根据本发明，该问题通过各独立权利要求的主题得以解决。各有利实施例形成各从属权利要求的主题。
本发明基于一般概念将用于尾气过滤器的尾气过滤材料构造成三层，即具有三个层，即，基底层、覆盖层和位于其间的过滤层，其中所述尾气过滤材料中的所有层由聚丙烯形成，特别是形成为聚丙烯无纺布。聚丙烯为局部结晶热塑性材料，并属于聚烯烃族。此时，聚丙烯在室温下对几乎所有的一般溶液和化学制品有抵抗力，因而，专门由聚丙烯无纺布制成的尾气过滤材料具有所需的较长使用寿命。另外，由于尾气过滤材料根据本发明为三层结构，能够获得极为有抵抗力的过滤材料，除了化学负荷，该过滤材料还能够经受由操作期间通过尾气过滤材料的流动所造成的机械负荷。此时，尾气过滤材料根据本发明还对所谓的冷冻膨胀具有较高的抵抗力。冷冻膨胀意味着水的异常在冷冻时增大其体积。UREA由大约70%水组成。在尾气过滤器中总是保持一定量的尿素溶液，并且这在因其水分在冷冻时而膨胀。合适的尾气过滤材料应长久性地经受这种膨胀。
在根据本发明的解决方案的进一步有利展开中，所述基底层和所述过滤层被焊接在一起，特别是通过超声波被焊接在一起，所述过滤层和所述覆盖层被模压在一起，特别是通过热轧被结合在一起。通过超声波焊接，能够实现所述过滤层和所述基底层的简单且长久性的连接，其中这两层优选仅在特定接触点被焊接在一起。例如还被称为支撑无纺布的所述基底层于是能够通过用热方法加热的滚筒与所述过滤层模压。上述方法仅证实，根据本发明的过滤材料在生产技术以及因此在节省成本方面纪委有效地产生。自然，替代焊接或模压，诸如例如针刺、毡合、熔合或粘合结合的气体合适结合方法也是可行的，其中各种结合方法总是应根据尾气过滤材料的各个层的结构进行选择。
本发明此外涉及一种包括尾气过滤材料的尾气过滤器元件，其中所述尾气过滤器元件被构造成环形过滤器元件，并且所述尾气过滤材料具有褶皱星的形式。这种过滤器元件的上端盘和下端盘在此情况下也优选类似所述尾气过滤材料一样由聚丙烯形成，因而对化学制品和溶液有高的抵抗力。所述上端盘和下端盘能够粘合结合，熔合或焊接到由所述尾气过滤材料制成的褶皱星的前侧，从而排外地，沿径向方向通过所述尾气过滤器元件的一个通路是可能的。
本发明的进一步的重要特征和优点能够在各从属权利要求、附图以及结合附图的相关图示描述而获得。
应理解，在不背离本发明的范围的框架下，上述各特征以及仍待在下文中解释的那些特征不仅能够以所给出的组合进行使用，而且还通过其他组合或者单独使用。
附图说明
本发明的各优选示例性实施例显示在附图中，并在以下描述中更详细地进行说明，其中相同的附图标记指代相同或类似或功能上相同的部件。
在附图中，所有情况下示意性地
图1显示根据本发明的尾气过滤材料的剖视图。
图2显示根据本发明的包括尾气过滤材料的尾气过滤器元件的可能实施例。
具体实施方式
根据图1，用于根据图2显示的尾气过滤器元件2的尾气过滤材料1包括三层，即基底层3、覆盖层4和位于其间的过滤层5。所有所述这三层3、4、5根据本发明由聚丙烯形成，特别由聚丙烯无纺布形成。基底层3和过滤层5被焊接在一起，特别是通过超声波方法被焊接在一起，其中，例如，仅将基底层3斑点式固定到过滤层5是可以的。与此相反，过滤层5和覆盖层4被模压在一起，特别是通过加热的滚筒被结合在一起。自然，诸如例如粘合结合、针刺、毡合等其他结合方法也是可行的。然而，所有这三层3、4、5能够同时被结合（超声波或用热的方法）。根据图1所示的各个层3至5的厚度应被理解成仅为示例，因而过滤层5比基底层3更厚或更薄自然也是可以的。而且，各个层3、4和5能够具有不同的强度和/或不同的过滤特性。形成无纺布的层3至5的各种纤维能够具有不同的纤维厚度和/或不同的纤维长度。各个层能够被制成为所谓的纺粘无纺布，并且对化学制品和溶液具有高的抵抗力，因而，它们极其适用于盛行于尾气过滤器中的侵进环境。自然，诸如例如所谓的“熔喷”方法的不同制造方法对于各个层3至5也是可行的。在所谓的熔喷方法中，熔融塑料利用压缩空气而起作用，因而获得实际织物。
基底层3由更稳定的聚丙烯无纺布组成，这根本上确保了对过滤层5的支撑功能。然而，过滤层5由更大体积的聚丙烯无纺布组成，以便通过合适的孔大小保证所需的过滤效果。覆盖层4也应确保较软的过滤层5不因机械摩擦而被破坏。因此，覆盖层4由相对较薄且平滑的聚丙烯无纺布组成。
如果考虑图2，能够看到根据本发明的尾气过滤器元件2，其在目前形式中被构造成环形过滤器元件。在此情况下，尾气过滤材料被折叠成褶皱星，并具有沿径向方向从中穿过的流动。第一和第二端盘6、7沿轴向方向终止褶皱星，其中两个端盘6、7也由聚丙烯形成。褶皱星的前侧被紧密地连接到相应的端盘6、7，特别是粘合地结合或熔合到相应的端盘6、7。根据尾气过滤器元件2的需求，端盘6、7配备由密封件或开口。
一般而言，根据本发明的尾气过滤材料1具有极好的介质抵抗力，特别是相对于在冷冻期间体积增大的机械负载而言。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于尾气过滤器的尾气过滤材料（1），包括三层（3、4、5），即，基底层（3）、覆盖层（4）和位于其间的过滤层（5），其中，所有的层（3、4、5）由聚丙烯无纺布形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的尾气过滤材料，其特征在于，至少所述基底层（3）和所述过滤层（5）被焊接在一起，特别是通过超声波被焊接在一起。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的尾气过滤材料，其特征在于，至少所述过滤层（5）和所述覆盖层（4）被模压在一起，特别是通过热轧被结合在一起。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的尾气过滤材料，其特征在于，所述层（3、4、5）具有不同的厚度、强度和/或过滤特性。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的尾气过滤材料，其特征在于，所述层（3、4、5）包括具有不同的织物厚度和/或织物长度的织物。
6.一种包括根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的尾气过滤材料（1）的尾气过滤器元件（2）。
7.根据权利要求6所述的尾气过滤器元件，其特征在于，所述尾气过滤器元件（2）被构造成环形过滤器元件，并且所述尾气过滤材料（1）具有褶皱星的形式，其中第一和第二端盘（6、7）由聚丙烯制成。
CN2012800077500A 2011-02-03 2012-02-02 尾气过滤材料及包括这种尾气过滤材料的尾气过滤器元件 Pending CN103443413A (zh)

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DE102013017577A1 (de) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Filterelement und Verfahren zum Hestellen desselben
DE102014103715A1 (de) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-24 Emitec France S.A.S Flüssigkeitsreinigungselement zum Reinigen einer Flüssigkeit
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