CN1034303A - The method and the feed stripped that prepare ensilage - Google Patents
The method and the feed stripped that prepare ensilage Download PDFInfo
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- CN1034303A CN1034303A CN88100323A CN88100323A CN1034303A CN 1034303 A CN1034303 A CN 1034303A CN 88100323 A CN88100323 A CN 88100323A CN 88100323 A CN88100323 A CN 88100323A CN 1034303 A CN1034303 A CN 1034303A
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- acid
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Abstract
A kind of with herbage with containing 5 or be less than the rudimentary organic acid of 5 carbon atoms and calcium salt is placed in the space of a sealing with method for preparing ensilage and the feed stripped that makes according to the method.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind ofly prepare the method for feed stripped and the feed stripped that makes according to the method by herbage.
Up to the present, forage crop-herbage of known storage domestic animal (mainly being ox) or green grass-method have two kinds.A kind of method comprises the green grass drying, makes its moisture be not more than 15%; Another kind method is that the fresh green grass (its moisture is about 80～90%) of will just gather in or moisture are about 60～70% the half-dried green grass horizental silo of packing into, and under the condition of anaerobic, make the sugar in the grass carry out lactic fermentation, prevent the generation of detrimental microorganisms by lactic acid, to store green grass.
Yet in some hot and humid areas, it is difficult making hay.And the crop (as corn or contain sugared corn) with thick stem can not be dry and store.Therefore, the Silaging method of feed becomes the main tendency of storage procedures.
With regard to the quality of green grass, generally believe that the nitrogen in the nitric acid contained in the green grass is few more, its quality is good more.But usually all contain the nitrogen in a large amount of nitric acid in the green grass, therefore must make nitrate reductase and decomposition with corynebacteria in that green grass is stored in the process of fermenting in the horizental silo.Owing to this reason, the method that is stored in horizental silo is that ensiling is the method for a kind of safe storage green grass.
When the technology of research ensilage, people change additive in horizental silo under condition of different temperatures and various experiments are carried out in storage procedures, because no matter how this lives to people weather is necessary.But in fact the effort of the fermentation ensilage that up to the present all preparation qualities are good has all been hit a slump.Particularly in recent years, because rich supply of forage gets too much, butyric acid ferments abnormally, and the activity of the digestive function of domestic animal is suppressed, and causes the dysfunction keratosis, gastritis of digestive disorder such as stomach etc., also influences vagus nerve, causes death.
In other words, the rich ensilage of chopping can cause unusual fermentation in the stomach of ox etc.; Even feed is cut longlyer, also can under ensilage is subjected to the situation of secondary fermentation, the automatic adjusting of stomach be suffered damage, this is the reason of the chaotic imbalance of digestive organs of ox etc.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation and be suitable for preventing method of ensilage of digestive organs imbalance of domestic animal and the feed stripped that makes according to the method.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing ensilage, makes feed in the nutritive loss of the lay up period degree that minimizes according to this method.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of method of ensilage and feed that makes according to the method for preparing.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method of ensilage and feed that makes according to the method for preparing, and described method is suitable for cutting raw material long and providing matter measured ensilage.
Another purpose of the present invention provides and is suitable for preventing the method for preparing ensilage of secondary fermentation and the feed that makes according to this method.
Another purpose of the present invention provides such feed, and this feed can be preserved the good quality that has fermented for a long time without any need for large-scale storage facilities, and can supply with the user as required in a large number.
Of the present invention also have a purpose to provide a kind of method for preparing ensilage, and no matter this method is the output in soil, can both supply with the identical feed of composition with whole year such as winter; With the feed that makes according to this method.
Characteristics of the present invention as mentioned above are to prepare the method for ensilage, and this method comprises herbage with containing 5 or be less than the rudimentary organic acid of 5 carbon atoms and calcium salt is placed in the space of a sealing.For a more detailed description to this method below.
Fig. 1 prepares the sectional view of the horizental silo that method adopted (bankersilo) of ensilage for the present invention.
Fig. 2 prepares the horizental silo that method adopted of ensilage for the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of chemicals bag of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a) and (b) and (c) be the plane of chemicals being put into the order of the Polythene Bag that 25 kilograms of green grass are housed.
Fig. 5 is the front view of another embodiment of explanation, in this embodiment, and round chemicals, to be in raw material that one deck the presss from both sides a layer state big upturned soil ant ┐ that packs into little
Here used " enclosure space " word not only refers to above-mentioned horizental silo, also refers to the ensiling silo that the vinyl film is made or the bag of being made by polyethylene or other impermeable films (such as thermoplastic).
It is the half-dried green grass of 60-70% that herbage should be adopted moisture, also can use but moisture is the fresh green grass of 80-90%, preferably contains the nitrogen in a small amount of nitric acid. By traditional method, herbage must be cut into 0.5-1 centimeter length (to reduce air content), but according to the present invention, the quality of the ensilage of 10 ± 3 centimeter length is goodish, and guarantees can store at least 3 years.
Contain 5 or the rudimentary organic acid example that is less than 5 carbon atoms and comprise acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, wherein only is formic acid (HCOOH). Calcium salt then comprises calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), use in the method for the invention their mixture.
Total consumption of these chemicals is the 5-10% of green grass weight, wherein calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and contain 5 or the rudimentary organic acid that is less than 5 carbon atoms and account for respectively 90 ± 3%(weight), 8 ± 2%(weight) and 2 ± 1%(weight).
For making the coexistence of these chemicals together, formic acid is mixed with green grass (the molten point of formic acid is 8.4 ℃; When being higher than 8.4 ℃ such as temperature formic acid is sprayed on the green grass, then powder is mixed with green grass when temperature is lower than 8.4 ℃), calcium carbonate with after calcium hydroxide mixes, is put into a permeable bag (being made by paper or cloth); The neutralized product and the green grass that are enclosed in rudimentary organic acid, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide in the permeable bag are put together.
Method of the present invention is characterised in that with above-mentioned any mixed method and makes green grass and above-mentioned chemicals be co-located in the horizental silo or be co-located in the above-mentioned plastic sheeting sealing bag, fermentation is accelerated to prevent that bacterium, yeast or mould from causing secondary fermentation, mainly is to prepare ensilage by lactic fermentation.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment of the present invention are described.
Fig. 1 represents one embodiment of the invention, contain 5 or the rudimentary organic acid that is less than 5 carbon atoms (as acetate, formic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid or isovaleric acid), the chemicals of the neutralized product of calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide is loaded in permeable chemistry bag 4 and 5 of being made by nonwoven or Japan paper etc., and bag sealed.When packing green grass 3 into horizental silo 1,5% the above-mentioned chemicals that will be equivalent to green grass weight is packed into and is sealed in the chemistry bag 5 that places at the bottom of the horizental silo, 5% the above-mentioned chemicals that will be equivalent to green grass weight is packed into and is sealed in and places top chemistry bag 4, and the consumption of above-mentioned chemicals is the 5-10% of green grass weight; In above-mentioned chemicals composition, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and contain 5 or the rudimentary organic acid that is less than 5 carbon atoms and account for 90 ± 3%(weight respectively), 8 ± 2%(weight) and 2 ± 1%(weight).After green grass 3 and chemicals bag 4 and 5 fillings are finished, horizental silo 1 closed with covering 2.
Fig. 2 represents another embodiment of the present invention, and to be loaded into also be to seal in permeable chemistry bag 8 of being made by nonwoven or Japan paper etc. and with bag to the mixture of calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide among the figure.In the time of in horizental silo 6 that green grass 7 is packed into, make and contain 5 or the rudimentary organic acid (as acetate, formic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid or isovaleric acid) that is less than 5 carbon atoms and be blended in suitably that (fusing point of formic acid is 8.4 ℃ in the green grass 7; Be higher than 8.4 ℃ as temperature, formic acid be sprayed on the green grass 7, be lower than 8.4 ℃ as temperature powder is mixed with green grass), and the chemistry bag 8 of the mixture of having adorned calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide recited above placed the appropriate location of green grass 7 in the horizental silo 6.Above-mentioned chemicals (i.e. rudimentary organic acid except that green grass, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide) total amount be adjusted in the 5-10% scope of green grass weight, wherein rudimentary organic acid, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide account for 2 ± 1%, 8 ± 2%, 90 ± 3% of chemicals gross weight respectively.
The perspective view of the outward appearance of permeable chemistry bag 11 that Fig. 3 is made by nonwoven formula, Japan paper etc. for expression, the top and the bottom of chemistry bag all sew so that chemicals is enclosed in wherein; When the green grass material quantity was 25 kilograms, the total amount of chemicals was 1.25 kilograms (5%).Calcium carbonate by 2% the formic acid that accounts for the chemicals gross weight, 90% calcium hydroxide and 8% mixed and calcium formate pack in the chemistry bag 11, the green grass raw material that is cut into about 10 centimeter length is packed in the packaging bag 9 of being made by plastics (as polyethylene etc.) with chemistry bag 11, a large amount of air are present in the bag, shown in Fig. 4 (a).
Then, shown in Fig. 4 (b), the opening of packaging bag 9 entangles with ring 12, and the opening of packaging bag 9 is sealed, shown in the numeral 14 of Fig. 4 (c).
Fig. 5 is the side view of expression another embodiment of the present invention, and in this embodiment, green grass raw material 10 and chemistry bag 11 are to be contained in the big polyethylene packaging bag 13 that two openings are arranged.In above-mentioned each embodiment, green grass raw material 10 all is a corn, and its moisture is adjusted to 60-90% in advance, and is cut into about 10 centimeter length.
The same with above-mentioned green grass, also chresard content is 80-90%(weight) fresh green grass or moisture be 60-70%(weight) semiarid contain 5 or the rudimentary organic acid example that is less than 5 carbon atoms and comprise acetate, formic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, but the most suitable with formic acid.Obtain the measured ensilage of matter, the green grass of packing into will be cut into 10 ± 3 centimeter length, and such green grass can store 3 years at least.
The mode of fermentation will be described below.Starting stage before fermentation, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria exist together, and have residue during oxygen anaerobic bacteria can not breed substantially; But lactobacillus (is anaerobic bacteria by its person's character) can be bred even under the condition of aerobic also be.Breed very soon when lactobacillus begins to increase, and the PH in the ensilage is reduced rapidly, this makes breeding reduce rapidly again.Lactic acid produces fewly in this case, then can cause the butyric acid reaction, therefore, can not obtain the measured ensilage of matter, and therefore, according to method of the present invention, fermentation is at Ca(OH)
2, CaCO
3Carry out after adding with HCOOH, this moment Ca(OH)
2And CaCO
3All be alkaline, make the pH value of ensilage reach 6-8, prevented the rapid breeding of lactobacillus.Owing to prevented the breeding of lactobacillus, can keep cold fermentation, thereby can prevent the loss of contained nutrition.Putting into the initial period of chemicals, lactic fermentation slowly begins, and generates lactic acid and water this moment.Ca(OH)
2And CaCO
3With lactic acid C
3H
6O
3With water H
2O reacts and generates calcium lactate and calcium lactate hydrate.These two kinds of products all are ackd salts, and they itself are stable materials.Because the existence of these two kinds of materials, acid condition is stablized, and fermentation is gone on.Then, the water that is produced again with Ca(OH)
2, Ca(C
3H
5O
3)
2, Ca(C
3H
5O
2)
2, 2C
3H
6O
3And Ca(HCO
2)
2React and generate hydrate (monohydrate, dihydrate, pentahydrate, heptahydrate etc.), thereby cause the moisture absorption reaction.This is the interstage of fermentation, and its reactional equation is as follows:
It takes place the process proof of this reaction when lactic fermentation, and Ca(OH)
2Generate calcium lactate or calcium hydroxide hydrate, make pH value be stabilized in acidic region, cause the moisture absorption reaction and generate ackd salt.
As mentioned above, Ca(OH)
2And CaCO
3Make the necessary acidic region of lactic fermentation stable, and regulate moisture, thereby prevent other bacterial growth indirectly by the moisture absorption reaction.The growth that can prevent anaerobic bacteria (clostridium layer) by above-mentioned reaction or product is to suppress the butyric fermentation effect.
On the other hand, HCOOH and a part of Ca(OH)
2Or a part of CaCO
3React and generate calcium formate, though its amount seldom, have organic acid intrinsic bactericidal action (protection), prevent the growths such as bacterium, yeast, mould of common existence.
The reactional equation that proves above-mentioned situation is as follows:
Can understand from the top description that the method for preparing ensilage is done, have only before this when raw material prescinded and to obtain the measured ensilage of matter owing to the air-tightness in the storage cellar for storing things; Yet this brings problem can for the automatic adjusting of stomach, and the result makes the physiology of ox undermined greatly.
According to the present invention, even its length of ensilage is also can have enough good quality about 10 centimetres. Therefore, guarantee ensilage long time stored be to the storage crops epoch-making contribution. Replaced traditional method, according to the conventional method, ensilage only just has good quality when prescinding, and even can injure domestic animal.
Below table 2 listed the situation that the fate of pH value after with dress green grass changes, compared and stored according to the conventional method and according to the situation of method caching of the present invention, also compared in two kinds of storage procedures the situation of change of lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and isovaleric acid content in the organic acid.
Annotate 1, above delegation's numeral method of the present invention, below the traditional method of delegation's numeral.
2.PH analytical test carry out with glass electrode method, every kind of organic acid content is measured with high-speed liquid chromatography.
Can understand from above-mentioned result of the test, compare with traditional method; Characteristics of the present invention are as follows.
1.PH change less. This shows that chemicals of the present invention is not neutralized, and can stand long storage.
2. the growing amount of butyric acid is very little.This means that ensilage has very high use value.
And put into 25 kilograms of ensilages of having stored the green grass in 3 years and still passed through unusual assessment method (freak evaluation method), this has shown the reliability of method of the present invention.
The variation of the analysis data behind the ensilage pack into shown in following table 3 according to method of the present invention.
Table 3
Time/project PH lactic acid (%) acetate (%) butyric acid (%) (ammonia nitrogen)/(nitrogen pool) * 100 (%)
3 weeks 3.7 1.76 0.27 did not measure 3
Do not measure 5.4 in 3 months 3.6 1.92 0.65
Annotate: the content colorimetric method for determining of nitrogen.
Equally, open after 6 months shown in the table 4 that is compared as follows face of the comparison of analyzing and opening behind the silo lower fatty acid component data of analyzing in 24 hours and obtaining behind the storage cellar for storing things immediately and the nitrogen data in the nitric acid according to the method for the present invention ensilage of packing into.
Table 4
PH acetate propionic acid butyric acid valeric acid isovaleric acid caproic acid
（%）????（%）????（%）????（%）????（%）????（%）
After opening
Immediately 3.6 9.78 1.78 0.02 0.02 0.2 0.12
Measure
After opening
24 is little by 3.7 9.43 1.82 0.02 0.09 0.2 0.01
In time, measured
The standard of the ensilage of the good quality that evaluation makes with traditional preparation method is as follows.
Table 5
PH lactic acid (%) acetate (%) butyric acid (%) (ammonia nitrogen)/(nitrogen pool) * 100(%)
Less than 1.5～0.5～less than 0.1 less than 5～8
4.2????2.5????0.8
Annotating thirsty timid cap in the ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems ú error ǖ of non-irrigated imitates
The result of The above results and table 3 and table 4 is compared, and as can be seen, the composition of the ensilage that obtains with method of the present invention has reached the standard of the measured ensilage of matter shown in the table 5.Therefore, the ensilage that obtains with method of the present invention has outward appearance described below and performance and has the composition shown in the top table 5.
Outward appearance and performance
Ensilage is light yellowish brown, and unique sweet taste is arranged.
For reference: poor quality's ensilage is dark-brown, and does not have sweet taste.
Though the present invention has been done detailed description and has introduced specific embodiment, the professional in present technique field all can feel significantly can also do not depart from spirit of the present invention and within the situation of scope of the present invention under the present invention is done various changes.
Claims (14)
1, a kind of method for preparing ensilage, this method comprise puts herbage and the rudimentary organic acid and the calcium salt that contain 5 or 5 following carbon atoms together, and it is stored in the enclosure space.
2, the process of claim 1 wherein that described enclosure space is a horizental silo or impermeable bag.
3, the process of claim 1 wherein that described rudimentary organic acid is selected from formic acid, acetate, propionic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, described calcium salt comprises calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
4, the process of claim 1 wherein that the described method that herbage and rudimentary organic acid that contains 5 or 5 following carbon atoms and calcium salt are coexisted is that herbage and described organic acid mixture are put together with permeable bag that described calcium salt is housed; Or described organic acid mixed with described calcium salt, herbage and permeable bag that this mixture is housed are put together.
5, the method for claim 1, consumption comprising the described chemicals of described organic acid and described calcium salt is the 5-10% of herbage weight, wherein contains 5 or the consumption that is less than rudimentary organic acid, calcium hydroxide and the calcium carbonate of 5 carbon atoms and accounts for wherein 2 ± 1%(weight respectively), 90 ± 3%(weight) and 8 ± 2%.
6, the process of claim 1 wherein that described herbage is that moisture is that 80～90% fresh green grass or moisture are 60～70% semiarid.
7, the method for claim 2, wherein said impermeable bag is the bag made from plastic sheeting.
8, the method for claim 4, wherein said permeable bag is made by Japan paper or cloth.
9, a kind of feed stripped is characterized in that preparing the method for ensilage, and this method comprises to be made herbage and contain 5 or be less than the rudimentary organic acid and the calcium salt coexistence of 5 carbon atoms, and is stored in the enclosure space and keeps following ingredients:
Composition: the pH value of feed ingredient is not more than 4.2
Lactic acid content: 1.5-2.5%
Acetic acid content: 0.5-0.8%
Butyric acid content: be not more than 0.1%
(nitrogen in the ammonia)/(nitrogen pool) * 100%: be not more than 5-8%
10, a kind of feed stripped contains in an impermeable packaging bag of being made by plastic sheeting sealing and the herbage of the moisture with control of storing and contain the chemicals of rudimentary organic acid, calcium hydroxide and the calcium carbonate of 5 or 5 following carbon atoms.
11, the feed stripped of claim 10, wherein said chemicals mixes and sealing in a permeable bag.
12, the feed stripped of claim 10, the moisture of wherein said herbage is 60-90%, describedly contain 5 or the rudimentary organic acid that is less than 5 carbon atoms and be selected from formic acid, acetate, propionic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, described permeable bag is made by Japan paper or nonwoven.
13, the feed stripped of claim 10, wherein total consumption of all chemicals is the 5-10% of herbage weight, wherein contains 2 ± 1%(weight that 5 or the consumption that is less than rudimentary organic acid, calcium hydroxide and the calcium carbonate of 5 carbon atoms account for the total consumption of chemicals respectively), 90 ± 3%(weight) and 8 ± 2%(weight).
14, the feed stripped of claim 10, wherein said herbage by the wall of airtight bag round, described permeable bag is equipped with chemicals, and the plastic film bag of packing into, compacting in addition makes it not contain air.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100323A CN1034303A (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | The method and the feed stripped that prepare ensilage |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100323A CN1034303A (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | The method and the feed stripped that prepare ensilage |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1034303A true CN1034303A (en) | 1989-08-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100323A Pending CN1034303A (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | The method and the feed stripped that prepare ensilage |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102318729A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-01-18 | 林善斌 | Method and equipment for preparing low-moisture silage |
| CN104222708A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 南通天马汇文化发展有限公司 | High-quality silage forage grass preservative and application thereof |
| CN106798092A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 中创云牧(内蒙古)科技咨询有限公司 | The preparation method that a kind of sorghum wraps up in bag ensiling |
-
1988
- 1988-01-20 CN CN88100323A patent/CN1034303A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102318729A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-01-18 | 林善斌 | Method and equipment for preparing low-moisture silage |
| CN102318729B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-02-26 | 林善斌 | Method and equipment for preparing low-moisture silage |
| CN104222708A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 南通天马汇文化发展有限公司 | High-quality silage forage grass preservative and application thereof |
| CN106798092A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 中创云牧(内蒙古)科技咨询有限公司 | The preparation method that a kind of sorghum wraps up in bag ensiling |
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