CN103422851B - Oil well pump dynamic degree of filling well testing determines interval pumping system method - Google Patents
Oil well pump dynamic degree of filling well testing determines interval pumping system method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of oil well pump dynamic degree of filling well testing and determine interval pumping system method.This method passes through continuous polished rod load-time curve and the synchro measure of polished rod continuous dislocation time graph, determine the clean stroke of oil pump piston, and using the percentage ratio of clean stroke and hair stroke as fullness measure value, reading continuously and analyzing according to degree of filling, establish the dynamic degree of filling of complete oil well pump to successively decrease history curve, obtain η according to curvemaxAnd ηc.By the degree of filling of given characteristic oil well from ηmaxDrop to ηcTime find time as fixed pump, choose different T to be found timeg, form a resting period.Using the percentage ratio of pumping time and closed-in time as pumping dutycycle, according to different cycle systems, work out a series of interval pumping system, produce mensuration and minimum pumping dutycycle daily by maximum and determine optimal interval pumping system.The method makes Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well play maximum production capacity, reduces energy expenditure and operating cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well well-logging method technical field, be specially a kind of dynamic degree of filling of oil well pump
Well testing determines interval pumping system method.
Background technology
Production technique uses sucker rod pump to carry out pumping (Pumping) by land the history of more than 150 year.
Exploration and the exploitation of the land oil of present stage show, the subsurface deposit pressure decline of old filed is serious, and shaft bottom is pressed
Power can provide the ability making oil well pump be full of, and oil reservoir buried depth newly developed is big, be mostly hyposmosis and
Ultra-low penetration oil reservoir, is not enough to be full of oil well pump to shaft bottom fluid supply capacity too.Setting of machinery oil pumping system
The physical condition again on meter with minimum dimension limits, and causes too high pumping ability and too low shaft bottom feed flow energy
The most inharmonious between power.Such pumpingh well can make oil pumping system work under poor efficiency, and oil well energy consumption increases
Greatly.Simultaneously because produce " liquid hammer " when being not filled with in pump, cause mechanical failure, add operating cost.
How solving for the initial way adopting inharmonic problem is that manual type carries out interval pumping.Incipient stage
It is referred to as tapping mode pumping, uses according to the experience of Field Force and allow oil well stop after a period of time to wait well
End producing fluid level rises to start oil pumper again during the height making oil well pump to be full of.In recent years to the most large-scale walking beam
Formula oil pumper uses speed change pumping with going out husky oil well, and reality is also that the way replaced with speed makes oil well pump in maximum
Working under degree of filling, principle is inherently identical.Simply intermittent mode is different.One is to use to close
Well waits method, and one is to take out wait method slowly.The method that this tapping mode oil well runs is between the initial period is referred to as
Pumping of having a rest method (Inermitent Pumping), arrived can automatic decision oil well pump evacuated time, be referred to as taking out
Empty control methods (Pump Off Control), is called for short POC.
By the way of artificial experience with certain blindness, first, the judgement of the state that oil well pump evacuates is not
The understanding that continuous print interval value method, the formation evacuating oil well pump and evolution neither one are complete, two is to shadow
The bottom pressure also neither one ringing oil well pump evacuated is understood completely, it is impossible to accurately know when,
Formed under how much pressure and be full of or evacuate.To the judgement also neither one evaluation index evacuated.So it is various low
In the formulation of the interval system producing hyposmosis pumpingh well, there is no the exercisable method of a set of science so far, be badly in need of
Solve.
Below to sucker-rod pumping well construction and operation principle, shaft bottom feed flow principle and pumping tapping mode method and
The present situation of device is introduced.
1, sucker-rod pumping well construction and operation principle
Fig. 1 is the fundamental diagram of machinery oil pumping system.Its operation principle is, motor 1 drive decelerator
Rotating speed is changed to appropriate speed by 2, drives walking beam 5 one end to swing up and down by balance weight 3 and connecting rod 4, another
End caput Equi Asini 7 makees the most square swinging up and down, and pulls oil pumping polish rod 8 and pumps.Polished rod 8 connects
Oil pumping leverage and oil well pump in travelling valve and piston 13 also together with pump, work as piston stroking upward
Time, the pressure in oil well pump is less than pump intake pressure, and the standing valve 14 of oil well pump opens, shaft bottom liquid suck into
Oil well pump.When oil pump piston is descending, when the pressure in oil well pump exceedes fluid pressure in upper piston area oil pipe,
Travelling valve is opened, and the liquid in oil well pump is excreted in the oil pipe on top.By so the most back and forth transporting
Dynamic, the liquid in shaft bottom is given rise to ground.The jacking capacity of pumping depend on oil well pump diameter,
Length of stroke and jig frequency are how many, and the theoretical pumping ability of oil pumping system can not be too small, too small cannot effectively by
Liquid in deep-well gives rise to ground.
2, shaft bottom feed flow principle summary
Fig. 2 be shaft bottom nearly well oil reservoir to well seepage flow schematic diagram, the shaft bottom of a production well is with perforation 19
Sleeve structure, sleeve pipe 18 is outside has cement to fix.The perforation 19 of sleeve pipe 18 is connected with oil reservoir, in oil reservoir
The mixed liquor of oil-containing and gas under the differential pressure action of Reservoir Static pressure and operating bottom hole pressure to shaft bottom seepage flow.Oil
In hiding, liquid is seeped into pit shaft by perforation, by oil well pump, the liquid being seeped into shaft bottom is given rise to ground.
In Fig. 2, Pe is Reservoir Static pressure, but bottom pressure can be caused to reduce when oil well production, shaft bottom
Pressure PwfRepresent.The speed of shaft bottom seepage flow and Pe and PwfDifference △ P relevant.Shaft bottom operationally liquid
Body has a height, referred to as producing fluid level 16.The height of producing fluid level 16 is determined by the size of △ P.Hydrodynamic
Face change has three kinds of situations, and one is that producing fluid level can be maintained at one when pumping speed is less than shaft bottom percolation flow velocity
The feed pressure P that location is put and formedwfEqual with Reservoir Static pressure, say, that feed pressure is equal to oil reservoir
Static pressure；When one is pumping discharge capacity speed more than shaft bottom inflow velocity, the producing fluid level in shaft bottom can reduce, △ P
Value increases, and result in percolation flow velocity increases.When percolation flow velocity increases to equal with the drainage rate of pump, hydrodynamic
Face will no longer change, and form relatively steady state.When shaft bottom percolation flow velocity does not reaches pumping speed, hydrodynamic
Face is continued decline and is caused the full level of oil well pump also to reduce.In the case of pump setting depth allows to strengthen, permissible
By by deeper for the position of sound production of oil well pump to down-hole position, can reach to make pumping ability and shaft bottom seepage flow energy
The state that power is coordinated mutually.But at later stage or the hyposmosis oil well of recovering the oil, pump is hung in the case of can not strengthening,
Oil well pump just have to work under being not completely filled with state.This pumping ability is excessive and percolation ability is too small not
Correlated state is referred to as " inharmonious for adopting " by petroleum production engineering circle.
If oil well pump can be made after the accurate time stops pumping and closing well until producing fluid level is increased to oil well pump
The accurate time that can be full of, the energy can be saved undoubtedly in a large number, give full play to the production potential of oil well, extend
The economic life of oil well, finally improve recovery ratio.So, when Precise Control of Oil well pump is found time and waits pumping
Between be a technical need being significant.Optimal interval pumping system be determined to become nearly half a century with
Carry out people to pursue untiringly.
3, pumping tapping mode method and apparatus present situation
The determination of optimal interval pumping system is technically having a lot of schemes.But all of scheme is all only to consider
The decision technology of the evacuation of oil well pump, U.S.'s decision technology degree of being filled with that great majority use now arrive 75%
For evacuating time following.Domestic still do not have decision criteria.But the determination when starting pumping is substantially disobeyed
The Lai Yu judgement to oil well pump state, but come according to the data periodically carrying out the measurement of oil well acoustic method producing fluid level
Estimation.This pumping ability and shaft bottom are not easy to the relation of well percolation ability to set up very much, are that one is the fuzzyyest
Relation.Solve how to determine whether oil well pump reaches the dynamic of the intolerable state worked on and shaft bottom
Whether liquid level has reached the state that oil well pump can be made to work, and remains oil well so far and carries out optimally-controlled key
Technology.
About history and the present situation of evacuation decision technology, as far back as the fifties in last century, the U.S. was substantial amounts of at that time
It has been decremented to the lowest degree, urgently through running the yield of the more than ten years even Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of decades
Need to carry out intermittent duty.Make interval pumping system more reasonable, it is necessary to the special suction understanding shaft bottom oil well pump
Enter state, and the state being not filled with of oil well pump, so developing some special measurement shaft bottom oil well pumps accordingly
Patent [US3817094Jun., the 1974Montgomery et al.73/151 of full level;US3838597Oct.,
1974Montgomery 73/151;US3851995Dec.,1974Mills 417/12;3930752Jan.,1976
Douglas 417/53;US3936231Feb.,1976Douglas 417/12;US3951209Apr.,1976Gibbs
166/250;US4363605Dec.,1982Mills 417/44;US4487061Dec.,1984McTamaney
417/12;US4490094Dec.,1984Gibbs 417/53;US4631954Dec., 1986Mills 417/12],
Such as vibratory drilling method, current method, motor speed method etc..But by the parameter measured by these methods still by various
The impact of other factors, has the biggest uncertainty.These patented technologies mainly use electronic device,
Utilize Analogical Circuit Technique that the state in oil well pump and shaft bottom is judged.But after last century the nineties,
Due to developing rapidly of computer technology, digital test analyzing and diagnosing technology is used to have become as irreplaceable.
It is difficult to polished rod indicator card and utilize one-dimensional viscous damping wave equation that indicator card is converted into shaft bottom
Pump dynagraoph has been very easy to, so indicator card and the degree that the is not completely filled with quilt of shaft bottom pump dynagraoph diagnosis oil well pump
Commonly used.
History about indicator card and the test of shaft bottom pump dynagraoph and analysis and diagnosis is the longest.Shaft bottom power graph method
It is to be used for the first time by Gibert in nineteen thirty-five, but measures and need drafting merit map device is put into shaft bottom,
Also device is taken out after measurement, the full state of oil well pump can be obtained according to graphics shape.Needs are carried out
Repeat operation.Both having expended the time, cost is the biggest.
1950 ' s, the measuring have employed of indicator card measure on the polished rod of ground, and mechanical indicator card is measured
Bring the biggest convenience, but affected owing to measured figure is vibrated by oil pumping leverage, the shape of figure
It is twisted, result in the difficulty on Interpretation of Indicator Diagram.To the beginning of the sixties in last century, American Petroleum Institute (API) API
Form special sucker rod pump method for designing seminar, the indicator card of thousand of oil wells is analyzed, in conjunction with
The electrical analogue of multiple degrees of freedom oil pumping leverage solves, and the oil well pump work information expressed by indicator card shape is understood in establishment.
These methods still have the loaded down with trivial details and complexity on Data Management Analysis, need exceptionally experienced merit map analysis
Expert explains.
Also being at 1960 ' s, the vibration of oil pumping leverage is used by the sucker rod pump diagnostician S Gibbs of famous American
Mathematics wave equation solves, it is thus achieved that shaft bottom pump dynagraoph, directly can judge oil pumping according to shaft bottom pump work figure
Pump condition.But solving wave equations needs to obtain PRL and time graph and polished rod displacement and time respectively
Curve.Again the numerical value of two curves is substituted into equation respectively to be solved by Fourier space, then the value solved is painted
Make XY curve, i.e. load displacement curve, referred to as shaft bottom pump dynagraoph.This way needs the meter of speed
Calculation machine arithmetic speed and digital plotter, so ' before s, can only show merit by the digitized of in-site measurement 1990
Figure is taken back computer floor and is calculated, it is impossible to the pump condition of oil well is analyzed in real time and diagnosed.After 2000,
Owing to the miniaturization of computer, the measurement analysis of oil well and diagnosis can be by portable notebook computers or direct
It is arranged on the test software used with on the single board computer of powerful CPU or PLC, it is possible to complete to divide from measuring to
Analysis, a series of processes diagnosing and controlling.But the analysis of the change to oil well pump full level, also the most natural
Continued to use the analytic process of pump dynagraoph.Within 2006, Sam Gibbs has applied for again about using surface dynamometer card and well
End pump dynagraoph calculates the patent [US2006149476] of oil well output, this patented technology mainly by indicator card and
The analysis of shaft bottom pump dynagraoph, determines the clean stroke of oil pump piston, calculates each circulating pump further according to clean stroke
Take out the volume of lower suction liquid, then the impact by a series of corrections such as coefficient of viscosity, leakage and gas etc.,
After try to achieve oil well output.Power graph method be by measure load-time graph and displacement-time curve by fluctuation side
Journey is depicted as pump dynagraoph after calculating, then by some row parameters are modified by pump dynagraoph analysis.Especially want
Carry out the calculating of the coefficient of viscosity, the clean stroke drawing oil pump piston is modified, then calculates oil well pump
Degree of filling.This method needs multiple steps and substantial amounts of data operation, could obtain result.According to this former
The software that reason is write, operation program amount is big, is not suitable for scene and measures real-time and analyzing and diagnosing.Domestic having
Above the determination of bar pump degree of filling, method has substantially continued to use method enumerated above, simply at the control dress of invention
Put and change in some structures of up conversion and the design of circuit or manufacturing process.
Measurement and the control of sucker rod pump degree of filling in sum have several deficiency.One is that method is loaded down with trivial details, institute of the U.S.
The clean stroke of oil well pump controlled embedded by device that evacuates used is measured and Mechanical course software, expensive, and
And it is difficult to supporting with controller manufacturer.Two is how method only gives by calculating indicator card and pump dynagraoph
Calculate the clean stroke value of oil well pump, determine the parameter stopping pumping, do not provide needs and stop taking out the most again
Start the judgement parameter of pumping.All above method simply have the control that continuous print is quantitative when pumping, and are stopping
Only there is no quantitative method in the time judgement of pumping, thus be one method qualitatively.
At present, measuring sensor technology, communication and communication transfer technology and computer technology are on pumpingh well
Controlling application has been piece of cake feelings.Problem is to control device to be controlled oil well according to what.
Control product as great majority evacuate or take out the introduction of product, simply mentioning oil well pump and can be full of and just take out, it is impossible to fill
Completely do not take out.Or shaft bottom has producing fluid level just to take out, producing fluid level is not had not take out.This control does not just have definite control
Parameter processed.Because to what cry be full of, what cries is not filled with, a kind of with or without state, neither one
Measurement value, more neither one evaluation of estimate.Evacuation control technology is caused to can not be applied in the middle of Petroleum Production reality.
So, the design and the manufacture that control device are not the most problems, and a fundamental issue in the urgent need to address is
Set up a set of method how realizing optimal control system.
Summary of the invention
In place of it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of oil well pump dynamic degree of filling examination
Well determines interval pumping system method, and this method is fully to control the enforcement evacuation of Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well the most in the world
On the basis of technology and scene are tested for many years, sum up and summarize substantial amounts of Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well and produce and experiment
Data, establish the Test Methods And Procedures of complete set stand oil well optimal mechanical pumping system really, by this
The method of kind, it may be determined that those pumping abilities are more than the pumpingh well of shaft bottom fluid supply capacity, in different interval systems
The lower optimal system that can obtain the maximum daily output and minimum pumping dutycycle, reaches maximum production, and energy consumption is minimum
Change.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of oil well pump dynamic degree of filling well testing determines interval pumping system method, and this method is to be more than for pumping ability
The Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of shaft bottom fluid supply capacity, the method setting up stand oil well optimal interval pumping system really, specifically
Including:
1) the continuous PRL-time graph of synchro measure and polished rod continuous dislocation-time graph, by load-time
Up load turning point and descending load turning point on half interval contour divide the standing valve separately determining oil well pump
And the opening time of travelling valve (TV), and further determine that clean stroke and the hair of oil pump piston (SV)
Stroke, using the percentage ratio of clean stroke and hair stroke as fullness measure value.
According to being not completely filled with operation principle and the oil well pump structure of oil well pump, when sucker rod drives piston movement it is
It is divided into two stages quarter.First it is that piston moves upward to the process of top dead-centre from bottom dead centre.After up beginning,
When the pressure in pump is down to during less than bottom pressure, and in oil well pump, standing valve is opened, and the liquid in shaft bottom passes through
Pump Suction Nozzle enters in pump.But when the liquid height being drawn in oil well pump is continuously increased, and bottom pressure can not
When further providing for enough pressure, the liquid height in pump stops increasing, and creates not exclusively filling of oil well pump
Full phenomenon.Space in oil well pump forms two parts, and bottom is divided into the liquid entering in oil well pump, upper part
It is full of part, referred to as clearance space for air.Followed by when piston movement is to after top dead center, transfer to bottom dead centre
Motor process.During moving downward, piston first passes through the clearance space of full air, when touching
During liquid suction head position, piston starts compressed liquid, when piston lower portion partial pressure is more than upper part pressure,
Travelling valve is opened, and piston lower portion separatory body is discharged in the middle of the oil pipe on top.
According to above-mentioned principle, definition oil pump piston stroke (hair stroke) be in reciprocating motion of the pistons top dead-centre and
Distance between bottom dead centre, unit M.Then effective stroke (clean stroke) is opened by standing valve on stroke of polished rod
Piston position and the piston position opened of travelling valve determined, unit M.Definition oil well pump degree of filling is for taking out
Liquid height S is sucked in oil pumpn(clean stroke) and oil well pump full stroke SgThe percentage ratio of (hair stroke), with public affairs
Formula is expressed as:
Wherein: η is oil well pump degree of filling, SnFor sucking liquid height, S in oil well pumpgFor oil well pump full stroke.
The test of the degree of filling of oil well pump is first with on the load sensor with polish rod being arranged on polished rod and walking beam
Angular displacement sensor carries out the measurement of load-time graph and displacement-time curve.Displacement-time curve represents
Sinusoidal displacement motion made by the ground polished rod of connection oil well pump, sinusoidal minimum point (A point) be lower extremely
Point, peak (B point) is top dead-centre.Load-time graph is an irregular curve movement, but
Two characteristic points i.e. C point and D point is had on load-time graph.C point is when piston moves upward from bottom dead centre,
Pressure in oil well pump is less than the opening point of standing valve during bottom pressure.Because after standing valve is opened,
Oil well pump and the liquid communication in oil well shaft bottom, sucker rod does not continues to load, and causes the elastic change on sucker rod
Shape power relaxes suddenly, and load Condition of Sudden Unloading forms the load turning point of turning point C(piston stroking upward).According to the time
Synchronization principles, the position of turning point C is corresponding on displacement-time curve is C ' point.Put with regard to energy according to C '
Determine oil well pump standing valve open position, the now position remaining bottom dead centre residing for oil pump piston.
In the displacement change that A point to C ' point is occurred, caused by sucker rod elastic deformation, piston exists
Change in displacement is not produced, so hair stroke should be in during this period of time
From upper on load-time graph
Dead point B occurs in that the load turning point of another turning point D(descent of piston time descending), it is the travelling of oil well pump
Valve is opened a little.Because when experience amount is full of different medium during top dead-centre is descending by oil well pump inner carrier
Space, the space being filled with gas first passed through.But when going downwards to the height that liquid is full of, piston and liquid
Body contacts, and due to the incompressible character of the approximation of liquid, the upper and lower pressure of piston can change suddenly, piston table
Surface pressure increases suddenly, but travelling valve is opened at once immediately, and travelling valve is opened rear piston surface pressure and dashed forward again
So declining, landing load-time graph can experience and decline suddenly and increase turnover, forms the turning point D of mechanics.
According to time Synchronization Analysis, what the D point on load-time graph was corresponding is the D ' point on displacement-time curve.
Travelling valve open position is can be concluded that from D '.This position is also the height that liquid is drawn in oil well pump,
Also it is the starting point of the clean stroke of oil pump piston, so clean stroke is
The clean punching of gained will be measured
Journey value ηnWith hair stroke ηgSubstitute in formula (1), can obtain being full of angle value η.It is expressed as with formula:
Wherein: ηnFor the clean stroke of oil well pump, ηgFor oil well pump hair stroke.
2) formulate shut-in pressure recovery time, make shaft bottom producing fluid level reach corresponding height, more not between
Break and carry out pumping, pumping overall process is measured the full angle value of oil well pump continuously, sets up degree of filling-time graph,
This curve is the dynamic degree of filling of oil well pump and successively decreases history curve, according to the curve pumping dynamic characteristic to oil well pump
Analysis obtains maximum pumping degree of filling ηmaxWith critical minimum pumping degree of filling ηc(oil well pump evacuation evaluation point)；
Continuously pumping dynamic degree of filling decline curve can by formulating longer shut-in pressure recovery time,
Make shaft bottom producing fluid level reach a corresponding height, the most uninterruptedly carry out pumping, connect in overall process
The continuous degree of filling η value measuring oil well pump.Owing to the pumping ability of oil well is more than shaft bottom fluid supply capacity, so being full of
Degree η value presents decline trend on a timeline.
By oil well pump dynamic degree of filling change histories curve it can be seen that curve is not linear decrease, due to logical
Crossing closing well or take out slowly, shaft bottom producing fluid level can return to certain altitude, and the degree of filling of oil well pump can keep one section steadily
State, this constant full angle value is that the maximum that given oil pumping system can reach is full of angle value ηmax(definition
Maximum degree of filling is that the maximum that under specified criteria, oil well pump is likely to be breached is full of angle value, uses ηmaxRepresent).What is called is given
Determine oil pumping system and include the physical dimension of given rod tube pump, given pump speed and given shaft bottom liquid property,
The difference of these specified criterias, can make the oil well pump of different oil wells reach different maximums and be full of angle value ηmax。
This divided stages is I section.Until shaft bottom producing fluid level drops to a certain position, this position is formed
Bottom pressure not enough so that the degree of filling of oil well pump is maintained at steady statue, the full angle value of oil well pump starts to pass
Subtracting, at ratio at the beginning comparatively fast, this divided stages is the IIth section to the speed successively decreased.But will after having arrived certain phase
Reducing decline rate, after decline rate reduces, this divided stages was the IIIth stage.At the IIIth stage, degree of filling
Change more complicated, the highest, the lowest, but total decline trend has compared slowly.This is
After successively decreasing due to the full level of oil well pump, suck and get rid of liquid measure and reduce, namely pumping reduced capability.But
Being that after producing fluid level reduces, shaft bottom feed pressure reduces, operting differential pressure increases, and nearly well percolation flow velocity is accelerated accordingly,
Make oil well pump degree of filling decline to slow down, define the state that the pumping ability with oil well pump adapts, so one
In the fixed time period, the degree of filling of bottom pressure oil well pump has a corresponding self-adjusting balance.By the IIth rank
The cross point in section and the IIIth stage evacuates evaluation point η as oil well pumpc, the most critical minimum pumping degree of filling ηcOr face
Boundary degree of filling ηc(critical degree of filling refers to value determined by the slope-inversion point by pumping degree of filling decline curve,
Use ηcRepresent).
3) by the degree of filling of given characteristic oil well from ηmaxDrop to ηcTime find time as fixed pump, choosing
Take different T to be found timeg, the pumping time form a resting period with waiting to find time, an interval week
In phase, the pumping time accounts for the percentage ratio of resting period as pumping dutycycle.
From the three phases analysis of pumping dynamic degree of filling curve, find out the time period of best-fit pumping.I
Stage is the preferable pumping time period, but is intended to reach the pumping time period under such a maximum degree of filling and needs to close
Well and take out for a long time slowly, rate when reducing the work of oil well, it is meant that the daily output it cannot be guaranteed that.IIIth stage
Being a stage balanced each other with shaft bottom seepage flow, but this stage is not suitable for carrying out pumping, its reason has
Two, one is generation " liquid hammer " in oil well pump, causes Mechanical System Trouble to increase；Two is at long-term nearly well oil
Hide seepage flow under bubble point pressure, the work damage of nearly well oil reservoir can be caused.It is not discussed in detail.
According to the analysis of three phases section on curve, it may be determined that the IIth stage was the proper pumping stage,
In this stage, i.e. need not by closing well or take out the time that wait is long slowly, turn avoid oil well pump due to not
It is completely filled with produced liquid hammer.So the IIth stage duration to be defined as the fixing of a given oil well
Pumping time Tc, or claim cycle effective pumping time Tc。
Owing to each given beam hanger pumping oil well has the oil well pump dynamic degree of filling decline curve of oneself, the most just
There is the relatively-stationary pumping time period of oneself.So when determining pumping time TcAfter, it is necessary to select one
Individual wait the section of finding time Tg(cycle invalid pumping time TgOr stop the T that finds timeg), by pumping time TcWith in time taking out
Between TgForming a resting period T, i.e. resting period (time resting period T) is single effective pumping time Tc
Add single invalid pumping time TgOr stop finding time.
The aggregate-value of one day 24 hours pumping time is to add up effective pumping time T dayct；
One day 24 hours invalid pumping time or the aggregate-value stopping finding time are to add up invalid pumping time or day day
Add up to stop the T that finds timegt。
Every day, periodicity was to be removed institute's value by cycle time, for intraday circulating cycle issue in one day 24 hours.
Day accumulative resting period n, is within 24 hours, to be added up effective pumping time T dayctRemove, use actual count
Numerical value.
Within a resting period, pumping time TcThe percentage ratio referred to as pumping accounting for whole time resting period T accounts for
Sky compares Dp.It is expressed from the next:
If within a cycle, wait to find time long, it is meant that pumping dutycycle is little, the work of oil pumper
Efficiency just reduces, and influences whether the daily output of oil well.
4) arrange according to the different resting periods, work out a series of interval pumping system, by the maximum daily output
Method and minimum pumping dutycycle determine optimal interval pumping system.
To a certain given oil well, pumping time TcDetermined by oil well pump dynamic degree of filling decline curve, be fixing
The pumping time.T to be found timegA different set of time value can be selected, different time resting period can be compiled into
T and pumping dutycycle DpSystem series, then intermittent cyclic runs minimum 24 in series under each system
Hour, obtaining a series of daily output numerical value, these numerical value can arrange into test system establishment table.
Wherein, the yield calculated with degree of filling by variable in resting period is for single production per cycle, with qn
Represent；The 24 hours each resting period yield sums using oil well pump degree of filling to be variable are pumping daily output QN
(each resting period yield sum in 24 hours), unit M3/ sky；Pumping daily output Q in N number of pumping systemN
The maximum is the maximum pumping daily output (maximum daily output value), represents with Q；Duty in N number of pumping system
It is minimum pumping dutycycle than reckling, unit %.
Yield q of each jig frequency in each resting period in test being calculated, computing formula is:
Q=Sn×πR2(3)
The yield of each jig frequency, S during in formula (3), q is a resting periodnBeing full of height for oil well pump, R is
The radius of oil well pump oil pick-up tube.The value that the yield pumping each time of single cycle circulated adds up is as each cycle
Yield qn.It is added accumulative for obtained yield in each for every day cycle, just obtains daily output QN。
From a series of interval pumping systems, choose optimal system to be determined by two indexs.First-selected index is daily output
Amount QN.In a series of interval pumping systems, daily output the maximum is optimal interval pumping system.
Second index is dutycycle, wherein two or more interval obtained yield values Q of pumping systemNEqual
In the case of, choose dutycycle reckling for optimal interval pumping system.
There is advantages that
1, the present invention mainly have employed and the different principle of traditional power graph method judgement degree of filling.Dynamically degree of filling
Test method(s) is non-power graph method, it directly on measured load-time graph and displacement time curve according to the time
Synchronos method obtains the degree of filling of oil well pump, speed block, and precision is high, measures the most in real time, analyzes
And diagnosis.This method compares with the S.Gibbs shaft bottom power graph method of United States advanced and is more suitable for China's actual conditions.?
The most Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of the U.S. uses wave equation to calculate shaft bottom pump dynagraoph and is analyzed necessity of diagnosis
Condition is that big pump is taken out soon.Namely greatly and jig frequency is high for the diameter of oil well pump, and such process conditions make ground survey
The load generation Severe distortion of amount, causes and analyzes and the difficulty of diagnosis.U.S.'s pumpingh well uses pump footpath mostly 56
More than mm, jig frequency great majority are more than 6 beats/min.And the pump footpath of China's pumpingh well general the most all 56mm with
Under, jig frequency is both less than 6 beats/min, so the load in ground survey only has the least distortion, and easily repaiies
Just, this is directly to determine that oil well pump is full of filling of angle value by landing load-time graph and displacement-time curve
Divide and essential condition.
2, this method and program achieve measurement and the calculating of continuous print degree of filling, give complete oil well pump
Degree of filling change procedure in decrementing procedure and feature, give the evacuation evaluation of estimate determining meaning by analysis,
Evacuation is made to control to be provided with the physical significance of reality.
3, this method is for ease of the measurement of the dynamically change of oil well pump degree of filling and control, it is determined that a set of for
Parameter and the term being used this test method of test are defined, and make test method and process be formed a set of
The specification of science.Be easy to the block of different oil reservoirs and different sucker-rod pumpings aboveground determine initial trial condition and
Evaluation of test result.
4, according to the optimal system of this test selected interval pumping, simple, decrease machinery pumping
Blindness, can make to occupy bar pumping oil well more than 70% for adopting inharmonic low yield and hyposmosis pumpingh well
Yield reaches to maximize, and not only reduces machinery energy consumption, it is often more important that having played oily well capacity, raising is adopted
Yield.Current land oil production engineering level is made to reach a new stage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sucker-rod pumping well construction and operation principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that shaft bottom nearly well oil reservoir is to well seepage flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is oil well pump structural representation.
Fig. 4 is that oil well pump degree of filling of the present invention determines schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is oil well pump of the present invention load-time graph and displacement-time curve.
Fig. 6 is the continuous pumping of the present invention dynamic degree of filling decline curve.
Fig. 7 is pumping time and square wave figure to be found time in one resting period of the present invention.
Fig. 8 be the present invention dynamic oil well pump degree of filling well testing determine optimal interval pumping system method test procedure and
Step.
Accompanying drawing identifies: 1-motor；2-variator；3-balance weight；4-connecting rod；5-walking beam；6-support shaft；7-
Caput Equi Asini；8-polished rod；9-polished rod eye；10-packing；11-sleeve pipe；12-oil pipe；13-piston and travelling valve；14-
Standing valve；Liquid height in 15-pump；16-producing fluid level；17-oil pipe；18-sleeve pipe；19-perforation；20-pumps
Bar；21-liquid suction head；22-Pump Suction Nozzle；23-bottom dead centre；24-top dead-centre；131-piston；132-is solid
Determine valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples to the detailed description of the invention.
According to the purpose of the present invention and requirement, it is embodied as possessing following condition:
1, necessary PRL and displacement tester and instrument.The load transducer precision measured is wanted
10mV/V, the full scale precision of displacement transducer to reach 0.2%.Use the measurement numeral of enough accuracy
Record and storage device, the A/D conversion accuracy measuring signal should reach 12bit.Sampling digit rate should be higher than that 20
Samples/sec.Have to export and print or the equipment of direct screen reading curve numerical value, in order to analyze value.
2, must be equipped with automatic cycle program installation, such as dual-time intervalometer, preferably use digital programmable energy
Carry out the programme controlled smart machine of automatic cycle.Automatically according to pumping time of each cycle with wait to find time out
Close the motor of oil pumper, or change frequency conversion motor rotating speed reaches the purpose of speed Control.
3, the daily output that oil well is actual is measured or calculates by oil well output to be combined measurement equipment.Suggestion is adopted
It is tracked metering with well other ground tank and tank car.Use conventional three phase separator metering, need to reach enough
Time.
Heretofore described oil well pump structure is as shown in Figure 3.Pumping bar 20 drives piston 131 motion to be to carve to be divided into
Two stages.It is that piston moves upward to the process of top dead-centre 24 from bottom dead centre 23 from A to B-stage.Upper
After row starts, when the pressure in pump drops to during less than bottom pressure, and standing valve 14 is opened, the liquid in shaft bottom
Entered in pump by Pump Suction Nozzle 22.But when the liquid height being drawn in oil well pump is continuously increased, and shaft bottom is pressed
When power can not further provide for enough pressure, the liquid height in pump stops increasing, and creates oil well pump not
It is completely filled with phenomenon.Space in oil well pump forms two parts, and bottom is divided into the liquid entering in oil well pump,
Top is divided into air to be full of part, referred to as clearance space.When, after piston movement to top dead-centre B, transferring to the most dead
The motion of some A.During moving downward, piston 131 first passes through the clearance space of full air, when connecing
When contacting liquid suction head 21 position, piston 131 starts compressed liquid, when piston lower portion partial pressure is more than upper
During partial pressure, travelling valve 132 is opened, and piston lower portion separatory body is discharged in the middle of the oil pipe on top.
Oil well pump degree of filling η sucks liquid height S in being defined as oil well pumpnWith oil well pump full stroke SgPercentage
Than (Fig. 4).
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, dynamic oil well pump degree of filling well testing determines test procedure and the step of optimal interval pumping system method
The most as shown in Figure 8.Specific as follows:
1, the test of the degree of filling of oil well pump.
The test of the degree of filling of oil well pump is first with on the load sensor with polish rod on P point in Fig. 1 and S point
Angular displacement sensor carries out the measurement of load-time graph and displacement-time curve.The shape of the curve measured is such as
Shown in Fig. 5.In displacement-time curve, A point is bottom dead centre, and B point is top dead-centre.Load-time graph is one
Individual irregular curve movement, but on load-time graph, there are two characteristic points i.e. C point and D point.C point
Being when piston moves upward from bottom dead centre, when the pressure in oil well pump is less than bottom pressure, standing valve opens
Qi Dian.The position of turning point C is corresponding on displacement-time curve is C ' point.Just can determine that according to C ' point
Oil well pump standing valve open position, the now position remaining bottom dead centre residing for oil pump piston.At A
The displacement change that point is occurred to C ' point, caused by sucker rod elastic deformation, piston is in this section
Change in displacement is not produced in time.So hair stroke should be
When top dead-centre B is descending, occur in that another turning point D on load-time graph, be the travelling of oil well pump
Valve is opened a little.According to time Synchronization Analysis, what the D point on load-time graph was corresponding is that displacement versus time is bent
D ' point on line.Travelling valve open position is can be concluded that from D '.This position is also that liquid is drawn into and takes out
Height in oil pump, is also the starting point of the clean stroke of oil pump piston.So clean stroke is
Will
Measure clean stroke value η of gainednWith hair stroke ηgSubstitute in formula (1), can obtain being full of angle value η.
2, continuous pumping dynamic degree of filling decline curve test and evacuate evaluation point ηcDetermination.
Formulate longer shut-in pressure recovery time, make shaft bottom producing fluid level reach a corresponding height,
The most uninterruptedly carry out pumping, overall process is measured the degree of filling η value of oil well pump continuously.With time
Between be abscissa, degree of filling be vertical coordinate draw continuous pumping dynamic degree of filling decline curve, as shown in Figure 6.
In Fig. 6, during the degree of filling held stationary state of oil well pump, when i.e. degree of filling is steady state value, this value is
The maximum that given oil pumping system can reach is full of angle value ηmax, this divided stages is I section.When shaft bottom is pressed
Power is not enough so that the degree of filling of oil well pump is maintained at steady statue, and the full angle value of oil well pump starts to successively decrease, in figure
A is that oil well pump degree of filling successively decreases starting point.At ratio at the beginning comparatively fast, this divided stages is to the speed successively decreased
II section.But decline rate will be reduced after having arrived certain phase.After decline rate reduces, this divided stages is the
The III stage.The cross point B of phase il and ii I-stage is evacuated evaluation point η as oil well pumpcIi
The AB section in stage is defined as the fixed pump of a given oil well and finds time Tc.
3, the intermittently establishment of pumping system and calculating
After determining the pumping time, select one and wait the section of finding time Tg, by pumping time TcWith wait to find time
Tg forms a resting period (Fig. 7).
Every day periodicity be one day 24 hours by cycle time except institute's value be intraday circulating cycle issue.
Within a resting period, the pumping time accounts for the percentage ratio of whole cycle time and is referred to as pumping dutycycle Dp。
Fig. 7 is pumping time T in the cyclecWith T to be found timegSquare wave figure.To a certain given oil well, pump
Find time and determined by oil well pump dynamic degree of filling decline curve, find time for fixed pump.Wait to find time and can select
The a different set of time, the system series of different cycles time and pumping dutycycle, then interval can be compiled into
Circulating and run under each system in series minimum 24 hours, obtain a series of numerical value, these numerical value arrange into
Test system establishment table, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
4, the calculating of pumping yield is tested
Single production per cycle qnCalculate.The parameter of each jig frequency in each loop cycle in test is calculated,
Computing formula is:
Q=Sn×πR2
S in formulanIt is full of height for oil well pump, to obtain q by cumulative for the yield of pumping each time of single cycle circulationnValue is made
Yield for each cycle.
In cycle as each in every day the yield that obtains is accumulative is added, just obtain daily output QN。
5, optimal pumping system is chosen
From a series of interval pumping systems, choose optimal system to be determined by two indexs.First-selected index is daily output
Amount QN.In a series of interval pumping systems, daily output the maximum is optimal interval pumping system.
Second index is dutycycle, the situation that two or more interval the obtained yield values of pumping system is equal wherein
Under, choose dutycycle reckling for optimal interval pumping system.
Claims (6)
1. an oil well pump dynamic degree of filling well testing determines interval pumping system method, it is characterised in that: this method is
For pumping ability more than the Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of shaft bottom fluid supply capacity, set up stand oil well optimal interval pumping really
The method of system, specifically includes following steps:
(1) the continuous PRL-time graph of synchro measure and polished rod continuous dislocation-time graph, by load-
Up load turning point on time graph and descending load turning point determine the standing valve of oil well pump respectively
With the opening time of travelling valve, and further determine that clean stroke and the hair stroke of oil pump piston, by clean stroke
With the percentage ratio of hair stroke as fullness measure value；Described hair stroke be oil well pump inner carrier move back and forth on
Distance between dead point and bottom dead centre, with ηgRepresent；Described clean stroke is then all by fixing on oil-well pump polish rod stroke
The piston position that your piston position of opening and travelling valve are opened is determined, i.e. on stroke of polished rod, standing valve is beaten
Distance between the piston position that the piston position opened and travelling valve are opened, with ηnRepresent；
(2) formulation shut-in pressure recovery time, shaft bottom producing fluid level is made to reach corresponding height, more not
Be interrupted and carry out pumping, pumping overall process is measured continuously the fullness measure value of oil well pump, set up degree of filling-
Time graph, this curve is the dynamic degree of filling of oil well pump and successively decreases history curve, according to the curve pump to oil well pump
Take out dynamic analysis and obtain maximum pumping degree of filling ηmaxWith critical minimum pumping degree of filling ηc；
(3) by the degree of filling of given characteristic oil well from ηmaxDrop to ηcTime find time as fixed pump
Tc, choose different T to be found timeg, the pumping time form a resting period, at one with waiting to find time
In resting period, the pumping time accounts for the percentage ratio of resting period as pumping dutycycle Dp；
(4) arrange according to the different cycles, work out a series of interval pumping system, produced daily by maximum mensuration
Optimal interval pumping system is determined with minimum pumping dutycycle.
Interval pumping system method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (1) has
Body includes:
(1) because sucking liquid height in oil well pump to be equal to hair stroke equal to clean stroke, oil well pump full stroke,
Therefore oil well pump fullness measure value is equal to sucking liquid height S in oil well pumpnWith oil well pump full stroke SgHundred
Proportion by subtraction, is expressed as with formula:
In formula: η is oil well pump fullness measure value, SnFor sucking liquid height, S in oil well pumpn=ηn；SgFor taking out
Oil pump full stroke, Sg=ηg；
(2) carrying out the measurement of load-time graph and displacement-time curve, the minimum point of displacement-time curve is
Bottom dead centre A, peak is top dead-centre B；When bottom dead centre moves upward, occur on load-time graph that load is dashed forward
So unloading forms the load turning point C of piston stroking upward, and the position of turning point C is corresponding C ' on displacement-time curve
Point, determines oil well pump standing valve open position, now under the remaining residing for oil pump piston according to C ' point
The position at dead point；In the displacement change that A point to C ' point is occurred, it is caused by sucker rod elastic deformation
, piston does not the most produce change in displacement, so hair stroke isLoad-time is bent
On line when top dead-centre B goes downwards to the height that liquid is full of, the upper and lower pressure of piston can change suddenly, swims immediately
Dynamic valve is opened, and travelling valve is opened rear piston surface pressure and declined the most suddenly, and landing load-time graph can be through
Go through and decline suddenly and increase turnover, form the load turning point D of descent of piston；According to time Synchronization Analysis, carry
What the D point on lotus-time graph was corresponding is the D ' point on displacement-time curve, determines that travelling valve is opened from D '
Position, this position height in i.e. liquid is drawn into oil well pump, is also the opening of clean stroke of oil pump piston
Initial point, so clean stroke isThe clean stroke η of gained will be measurednWith hair stroke ηgSubstitute into formula (1)
In, available fullness measure value η, it is expressed as with formula:
Wherein: ηnFor the clean stroke of oil well pump, ηgFor oil well pump hair stroke.
Interval pumping system method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step (1)
PRL-time graph utilizes the load sensor with polish rod on polished rod to measure continuously, polished rod continuous dislocation-time
Curve utilizes angular displacement sensor to measure.
Interval pumping system method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step (2)
According to curve, the pumping dynamic analysis of oil well pump obtained maximum pumping degree of filling ηmaxWith critical minimum pumping
Degree of filling ηcParticularly as follows:
On oil well pump dynamic degree of filling change histories curve, the degree of filling of oil well pump can keep one section of plateau,
This fullness measure value is the maximum pumping degree of filling η that given characteristic oil pumping system can reachmax；These rank
Section is divided into I section；After the fullness measure value of oil well pump starts to successively decrease, the speed successively decreased from fast to slow, is passed
The fast divided stages of deceleration is ii section, and after decline rate is slack-off, this divided stages is ii I-stage；Will
The cross point of phase il and ii I-stage is as critical minimum pumping degree of filling ηc。
5. according to the interval pumping system method described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: described given spy
Property includes the physical dimension of given rod tube pump, given pump speed and given shaft bottom liquid property, and these are given
The difference of fixed condition, can make the oil well pump of different oil wells reach different maximum pumping degree of filling ηmax。
Interval pumping system method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (4) has
Body is:
For given oil well, the pumping time is fixed, and chooses different waiting and finds time, sets up the different resting periods
With the interval pumping system of corresponding pumping dutycycle, then each resting period in this system is run at least
24 hours, obtain daily output value corresponding to each resting period；
Using daily output the maximum in this system as optimal interval pumping system；Interval pumping system occurs not
With daily output value corresponding to resting period equal time, choose pumping dutycycle reckling for optimal interval pumping system
Degree.
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