CN103422851A - Method for determining intermittent pumping system through oil-well pump dynamic fullness well testing - Google Patents
Method for determining intermittent pumping system through oil-well pump dynamic fullness well testing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining an intermittent pumping system through oil-well pump dynamic fullness well testing. The method for determining the intermittent pumping system through oil-well pump dynamic fullness well testing comprises the steps of (1) determining a net stroke of a piston of an oil-well pump through synchronous measurement of a continuous polish rod load-and-time curve and a polish rod continuous displacement-and-time curve, and using a percentage between the net stroke and a gross stroke as a fullness measuring value; (2) building a complete oil-well pump dynamic fullness decreasing history curve according to continuous read and continuous analysis of the fullness, and obtaining an etamax and an etac according to the complete oil-well pump dynamic fullness decreasing history curve; (3) using the time spent by the process that the fullness of an oil well with the given characteristic decreases from the etamax to the etac as a fixed pumping time, and selecting different to-be-pumped times Tg to form an intermittent period; (4) using a percentage between the fixed pumping time and a well shutdown time as a pumping duty ratio, compiling a series of intermittent pumping systems according to different period systems, and determining an optimum intermittent pumping system according to the maximum daily output method and a minimum pumping duty ratio. The method for determining the intermittent pumping system through oil-well pump dynamic fullness well testing enables a sucker-rod pumping oil well to achieve maximum capacity, and reduces energy consumption and operating cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well well-logging method technical field, be specially the dynamic degree of filling well testing of a kind of oil well pump and determine that intermittent pump takes out the system method.
Background technology
By land production technique adopts sucker rod pump to carry out pump to take out (Pumping) history of more than 150 year has been arranged.The exploration and development of the land oil of present stage shows, the subsurface deposit pressure decline of old filed is serious, bottom pressure can provide the ability that oil well pump is full of, oil reservoir buried depth newly developed is large, be mostly hyposmosis and ultra-low penetration oil reservoir, be not enough to too oil well pump is full of to the shaft bottom fluid supply capacity.The physical condition restriction that has again minimum dimension in the design of machinery oil pumping system, cause too high pump to take out seriously inharmonious between ability and too low shaft bottom fluid supply capacity.Such pumpingh well can make oil pumping system work under poor efficiency, and the oil well energy consumption increases.Produce while not being full of due to the pump inherence " liquid hammer ", cause mechanical failure, increased operating cost simultaneously.
How solving for the initial way of adopting inharmonic problem is that manual type is carried out intermittent pump and taken out.Incipient stage is known as intermittently control pump and takes out, and according to Field Force's experience, adopts and allows oil well stop after a period of time to wait for that the shaft bottom producing fluid level starts oil pumper again while rising to the height that oil well pump can be full of.To such as large-scale beam pumping unit with go out husky oil well and adopt speed-variable pump to take out, reality is also that the way replaced with speed is worked oil well pump under maximum degree of filling in recent years, and principle is identical in itself.It is the intermittent mode difference.One is to adopt closing well to wait for method, and one is to take out slowly the wait method.The method of controlling oil well operation this intermittence is called intermittent pump in the initial period and takes out method (Inermitent Pumping), has arrived can automatic decision oil well pump evacuated the time, is known as the control method of finding time (Pump Off Control), is called for short POC.
By the way of artificial experience with certain blindness, at first, the judgement of the state that oil well pump is found time is discontinuous interval value method, the formation that oil well pump is found time and the complete understanding of evolution neither one, the 2nd, the bottom pressure that affects the oil well pump evacuated also neither one is understood completely, can not when accurately know form and be full of or find time under how much pressure.To the judgement of finding time also neither one evaluation index.So various low yield hyposmosis pumpingh wells intermittence system formulation on, there is no so far the exercisable method of a set of science, urgent need will be solved.
Below sucker-rod pumping well construction and operating principle, shaft bottom feed flow principle and pump taken out to the intermittently present situation of control method and device be introduced.
1, sucker-rod pumping well construction and operating principle
Fig. 1 is the fundamental diagram of mechanical oil pumping system.Its operating principle is, drives reducer 2 by motor 1 rotating speed is changed to appropriate speed, drives walking beam 5 one ends by balance weight 3 and connecting rod 4 and swings up and down, and other end horse head 7 is done contrary square swinging up and down, and pulls oil pumping polish rod 8 and does and pump.The oil pumping leverage that polished rod 8 connects and the travelling valve in oil well pump and piston 13 pump together with also, and when piston stroking upward, the pressure in oil well pump is less than pump intake pressure, and the standing valve 14 of oil well pump is opened, and shaft bottom liquid sucks into oil well pump.When oil pump piston is descending, when the pressure in oil well pump surpasses the interior fluid pressure of piston top oil pipe, travelling valve is opened, and the liquid in oil well pump is excreted in the oil pipe on top.By so constantly moving back and forth, the liquid in shaft bottom is given rise to ground.The jacking capacity that pump is taken out mainly depends on that diameter, length of stroke and the jig frequency of oil well pump is how many, and the theoretical pump ability of taking out of oil pumping system can not be too small, too smallly just can not effectively the liquid in deep-well be given rise to ground.
2, shaft bottom feed flow principle summary
Fig. 2 be the nearly well oil reservoir in shaft bottom to well seepage flow schematic diagram, the shaft bottom of a production well is the sleeve structure with perforation 19, sleeve pipe 18 outsides have cement to fix.The perforation 19 of sleeve pipe 18 is connected with oil reservoir, the oil-containing in oil reservoir and the mixed liquor of gas under the differential pressure action of Reservoir Static pressure and operating bottom hole pressure to shaft bottom seepage flow.In oil reservoir, liquid is seeped into pit shaft by perforation, and the liquid that will be seeped into shaft bottom by oil well pump gives rise to ground.
In Fig. 2, Pe is Reservoir Static pressure, but when oil well production, can cause bottom pressure to reduce, the pressure P in shaft bottom
WfMean.The speed of shaft bottom seepage flow and Pe and P
WfDifference △ P relevant.Shaft bottom liquid when work has a height, is called producing fluid level 16.The height of producing fluid level 16 is decided by the size of △ P.Producing fluid level changes three kinds of situations, and a kind of is when pump pumping speed degree is less than the shaft bottom seepage velocity, and producing fluid level can remain on the feed pressure P of certain position and formation
WfEquate with Reservoir Static pressure, that is to say that feed pressure equals Reservoir Static pressure; A kind of is pump pump drainage amount speed while being greater than the shaft bottom inflow velocity, and the producing fluid level in shaft bottom can reduce, and △ P value increases, and has caused the seepage velocity increase.When seepage velocity is increased to while equating with the drainage rate of pump, producing fluid level will no longer change, and form metastable state.When the shaft bottom seepage velocity does not reach the pump pumping speed and spends, producing fluid level continues to descend and causes the full level of oil well pump also to reduce.In the situation that pump setting depth allows to strengthen, can make pump take out the state that ability is coordinated mutually with the shaft bottom percolation ability again by the position of sound production of oil well pump being arrived to Geng Shende position, down-hole, can reaching.But, at later stage or the hyposmosis oil well of recovering the oil, pump is hung in the situation that can not strengthen, oil well pump just have to not exclusively worked under full state.This pump is taken out the excessive and too small inharmonious state of percolation ability of ability and is called " inharmonious for adopting " by petroleum production engineering circle.
If can make oil well pump than correct time, stop pump taking out with closing well after until producing fluid level be elevated to that oil well pump can be full of than correct time, can save in a large number the energy undoubtedly, give full play to the production potential of oil well, extend the economic life of oil well, finally improve recovery ratio.So the Precise Control of Oil well pump is found time and is waited for that it is a technical need be significant that pump is found time.Best intermittent pump is taken out system definite become nearly half a century since people pursue untiringly.
3, pump is taken out intermittently control method and device present situation
The best intermittent pump system of taking out fixes on technical a lot of scheme that has really.But all schemes are all only to have considered the decision technology of finding time of oil well pump, U.S.'s decision technologies that now great majority adopt be degree of filling arrive 75% when following for finding time.Domestic still do not have a decision criteria.But determining of when starting that pump takes out do not rely on the judgement to the oil well pump state basically, but estimate according to periodically carrying out the data that oil well acoustic method producing fluid level measures.This pump is taken out ability and shaft bottom and is not easy to set up very much to the relation of well percolation ability, is a kind of very fuzzy relation.Whether the producing fluid level whether solution how to confirm oil well pump has arrived the intolerable state worked on and shaft bottom has reached the state that can make oil well pump work, remains so far oil well and carries out optimally-controlled key technology.
About the history and current situation of the decision technology of finding time, as far back as the fifties in last century, the U.S. was a large amount of at that time move the more than ten years even the output of the Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of decades all be decremented to very low degree, in the urgent need to carrying out intermittent operation.Make intermittent pump take out system more reasonable; just need the special suction condition of understanding the shaft bottom oil well pump; with the state be not full of of oil well pump, develop patent [US3817094Jun., the 1974Montgomery et al.73/151 of oil well pump full level at the bottom of some special measuring wells so corresponding; US3838597Oct., 1974Montgomery 73/151; US3851995Dec., 1974Mills 417/12; 3930752Jan. 1976Douglas 417/53; US3936231Feb., 1976Douglas 417/12; US3951209Apr., 1976Gibbs166/250; US4363605Dec., 1982Mills 417/44; US4487061Dec., 1984McTamaney417/12; US4490094Dec., 1984Gibbs 417/53; US4631954Dec., 1986Mills 417/12], as vibratory drilling method, current method, motor speed method etc.But by these methods, measured parameter still is subject to the impact of various other factorses, has very large uncertainty.What these patented technologies mainly adopted is the electronics device, utilizes Analogical Circuit Technique to be judged the state in oil well pump and shaft bottom.But, to after the last century the nineties, due to developing rapidly of computer technology, adopt digital test analyzing and diagnosing technology to become irreplaceable.Especially the most difficult is polished rod indicator card and utilize one dimension viscous damping wave equation to convert indicator card to shaft bottom pump merit figure to be very easy to, so indicator card and shaft bottom pump merit figure diagnose the incomplete full level of oil well pump generally to be adopted.
History about the test of indicator card and shaft bottom pump merit figure and analysis and diagnosis is also very long.The shaft bottom power graph method is to be adopted for the first time by Gibert in nineteen thirty-five, but measure, need to be put into shaft bottom by drawing the merit map device, after measurement, also device will be taken out, and can obtain the full state of oil well pump according to graphics shape.Need to carry out the repetition operation.Both expended time in, cost is also very large.
1950 ' s, the measuring to have adopted on the polished rod of ground of indicator card measured, and mechanical indicator card measurement has brought very large convenience, but due to the pumped impact of leverage vibration of measured figure, the shape of figure is twisted, and has caused the difficulty on the For Interpretation of Indicator Diagram.To the beginning of the sixties in last century, the API of American Petroleum Institute (API) forms special sucker rod pump method for designing seminar, indicator card to several thousand oil wells is analyzed, and in conjunction with the electrical analogue of multiple degrees of freedom oil pumping leverage, solves, and the expressed oil well pump work information of indicator card shape is understood in establishment.These methods still have the loaded down with trivial details and complexity on Data Management Analysis, need experienced especially merit map analysis expert to make an explanation.
Be also at 1960 ' s, the sucker rod pump diagnostician S Gibbs of famous American adopts the mathematics wave equation to be solved to the vibration of oil pumping leverage, has obtained shaft bottom pump merit figure, can directly according to shaft bottom pump work figure, judge the oil well pump operating mode.But solving wave equations need to obtain respectively PRL and time graph and polished rod displacement and time graph.Again by the numerical value of two curves respectively the substitution equation by Fourier space, solve, then the value solved is depicted as to the XY curve, load displacement curve, be called shaft bottom pump merit figure.This way needs the operational speed of a computer and the digital plotter of speed, so ' before s, the digitlization indicator card of in-site measurement can only be taken back to computer floor and be calculated, can not carry out real-time analysis and diagnosis to the pump condition of oil well 1990.After 2000, miniaturization due to computer, the Measurement and analysis of oil well and diagnosis can or be directly installed on by portable notebook computer and adopt with the single board computer of powerful CPU or the testing software on PLC, can complete a series of processes from measuring analysis, diagnosis and controlling.But, to the analysis of the variation of oil well pump full level, also just naturally continued to use the analytic approach of pump merit figure.Within 2006, Sam Gibbs has applied for again about adopting surface dynamometer card and shaft bottom pump merit figure to calculate the patent [US2006149476] of oil well output, this patented technology is mainly by the analysis of indicator card and shaft bottom pump merit figure, determine the clean stroke of oil pump piston, calculate according to clean stroke the volume that each circulation pump is taken out lower suction liquid again, the impact as the coefficient of viscosity, leakage and gas etc. by a series of corrections again, finally try to achieve oil well output.Power graph method is to be depicted as pump merit figure after the load-time graph of measurement and displacement-time curve are calculated by wave equation, then by the map analysis of pump merit is revised some row parameters.Especially to carry out the calculating of the coefficient of viscosity, the clean stroke that draws oil pump piston is revised, then calculate the degree of filling of oil well pump.This method needs a plurality of steps and a large amount of data operations, could obtain result.The software of writing according to this principle, the operation program amount is large, and the scene that is not suitable for is measured and analyzing and diagnosing real-time.Domestic above the determining of sucker rod pump degree of filling method basically continued to use above cited method, just at the control device up conversion of inventing on the design of some structures and circuit or manufacturing process, change.
Measurement and the control of sucker rod pump degree of filling in sum have several deficiencies.The one, method is loaded down with trivial details, and the clean stroke of the embedded oil well pump of the control device of finding time that the U.S. adopts is measured and machinery is controlled software, expensive, and be difficult for and controller manufacturer supporting.The 2nd, how method calculates the clean stroke value of oil well pump by calculating indicator card and pump merit figure if only having provided, determine and stop the parameter that pump is taken out, and does not provide and needs stop pumping how long to start the judgement parameter that pump is taken out again.All above methods just have continuous quantitative control when pump is taken out, and are stopping in the time judgement that pump takes out there is no quantitative method, thereby are a kind of methods qualitatively.
At present, the measuring transducer technology, control on pumpingh well of communication and communication transfer technology and computer technology application has been unusual nothing the matter feelings.Problem is what control device controlled oil well according to.Find time to control product or an introduction of taking out product as great majority, just mention oil well pump and can just be full of and take out, just can not be full of and not take out.Or shaft bottom has producing fluid level just to take out, do not have producing fluid level just not take out.This control does not just have definite control parameter.Because what is cried and is full of, what cries is not full of, and being a kind ofly has or the state of nothing, neither one measurement value, more neither one evaluation of estimate.Cause the control technology of finding time can not be applied in the middle of Petroleum Production reality.So the Design and manufacture of control device has not been problem, a fundamental issue in the urgent need to address is to set up a set of method that how to realize best control system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide the dynamic degree of filling well testing of a kind of oil well pump to determine that intermittent pump takes out the system method, this method is on fully current Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well is in the world implemented to find time control technology and on-the-spot basis of testing for many years, sum up and concluded a large amount of Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well production and experimental data, set up a set of complete well of stand oil really optimal mechanical pump and taken out the Test Methods And Procedures of system, by this kind of method, can determine that those pump abilities of taking out are greater than the pumpingh well of shaft bottom fluid supply capacity, can obtain the best system that maximum daily output and minimum pump are taken out dutycycle under system at different intermittences, reach maximum production, energy consumption minimized.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The dynamic degree of filling well testing of a kind of oil well pump determines that intermittent pump takes out the system method, and this method is to be greater than the Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of shaft bottom fluid supply capacity for the pump ability of taking out, and sets up the method that the best intermittent pump of stand oil well is really taken out system, specifically comprises:
1) the continuous PRL-time graph of synchro measure and polished rod continuous dislocation-time graph, divide another the determine standing valve (SV) of oil well pump and the opening time of travelling valve (TV) by the up load turning point on load-time graph and descending load turning point, and further determine clean stroke and the hair stroke of oil pump piston, using the percentage of clean stroke and hair stroke as the fullness measure value.
According to the operating principle that not exclusively is full of oil well pump and oil well pump structure, when sucker rod drives piston movement, be to carve to be divided into two stages.At first be that piston moves upward to the process of top dead-centre from bottom dead centre.After up beginning, the Pressure Drop in pump is to when being less than bottom pressure, and in oil well pump, standing valve is opened, and the liquid in shaft bottom enters in pump by Pump Suction Nozzle.But, when the liquid height that be drawn in oil well pump constantly increases, when bottom pressure can not further provide enough pressure, the liquid height in pump stops increasing, what produced oil well pump not exclusively is full of phenomenon.Space in oil well pump forms two parts, and bottom is divided into the liquid entered in oil well pump, and top is divided into air and is full of part, is called clearance space.Then be to arrive after top dead center when piston movement, transfer the motion process to bottom dead centre to.In moving downward process, piston is at first by being full of the clearance space of air, when touching liquid suction head position, piston starts compressed liquid, when under piston, partial pressure is greater than upper partial pressure, travelling valve is opened, and under piston, partially liq is discharged in the middle of the oil pipe on top.
According to above-mentioned principle, definition oil pump piston stroke (hair stroke) is the distance between top dead-centre and bottom dead centre in reciprocating motion of the pistons, the M of unit.The piston position that the piston position that effective stroke (clean stroke) is opened by standing valve on stroke of polished rod and travelling valve are opened is determined, the M of unit.Definition oil well pump degree of filling is inhalant liquid height S in oil well pump
n(clean stroke) and the full stroke S of oil well pump
gThe percentage of (hair stroke) is shown with formula table:
Wherein: η is the oil well pump degree of filling, S
nFor inhalant liquid height in oil well pump, S
gFor the full stroke of oil well pump.
At first the test of the degree of filling of oil well pump utilizes the load sensor with polish rod and the angular displacement sensor on walking beam that are arranged on polished rod to carry out the measurement of load-time graph and displacement-time curve.Displacement-time curve has been expressed the ground polished rod of connection oil well pump and has been done the sinusoidal displacement motion, and sinusoidal minimum point (A point) is bottom dead centre, and peak (B point) is top dead-centre.Load-time graph is an irregular curve movement, but it is C point and D point that two characteristic points are arranged on load-time graph.The C point is when piston moves upward from bottom dead centre, the opening point of standing valve when interior pressure is less than bottom pressure to oil well pump.Because after standing valve is opened, the liquid in oil well pump and oil well shaft bottom is connected, and sucker rod no longer continues to load, and causes the elastic deformation force on sucker rod lax suddenly, and the load Condition of Sudden Unloading forms the load turning point of turning point C(piston stroking upward).According to the time synchronized principle, the position of turning point C is corresponding on displacement-time curve is C ' point.Just can determine the position that the oil well pump standing valve is opened according to C ' point, now the residing position that remains bottom dead centre of oil pump piston.At A point to the displacement that C ' point occurs, changing, is because the sucker rod elastic deformation is caused, and piston does not during this period of time produce change in displacement, so the hair stroke should be
The load turning point that has occurred another turning point D(descent of piston when descending from top dead-centre B on load-time graph), be that the travelling valve of oil well pump is opened a little.Because, when the oil well pump inner carrier is full of the experience amount space of different medium from the descending process of top dead-centre, what at first pass through is gassiness space.But while going downwards to the height that liquid is full of, piston contacts with liquid, approximate incompressible character due to liquid, the pressure meeting flip-flop that piston is upper and lower, piston face pressure increases suddenly, but travelling valve is opened at once immediately, and travelling valve is opened rear piston surface pressure and descended suddenly again, landing load-time graph can experience unexpected decline and increase turnover, forms the turning point D of mechanics.According to time Synchronization Analysis, what the D point on load-time graph was corresponding is the D ' point on displacement-time curve.Can conclude from D ' position that travelling valve is opened.This position is also that liquid is drawn into the height in oil well pump, is also the starting point of the clean stroke of oil pump piston, so clean stroke is
The clean stroke value η of gained will be measured
nWith hair stroke η
gIn substitution formula (1), can obtain degree of filling value η.With formula table, be shown:
Wherein: η
nFor the clean stroke of oil well pump, η
gFor oil well pump hair stroke.
2) formulate shut-in pressure recovery time, make the shaft bottom producing fluid level reach corresponding height, and then uninterruptedly carry out continuously pump and take out, the degree of filling value of at pump, taking out continuous measurement oil well pump in overall process, set up degree of filling-time graph, this curve is the dynamic degree of filling of the oil well pump history curve that successively decreases, and according to curve, the pump of oil well pump is twitched to the step response analysis and obtains maximum pump and take out degree of filling η
maxTake out degree of filling η with critical minimum pump
c(oil well pump find time evaluation point);
Continuous pump is twitched state degree of filling decline curve and can, by formulating longer shut-in pressure recovery time, be made the shaft bottom producing fluid level reach a corresponding height, and then uninterruptedly carry out continuously pump and take out, the degree of filling η value of continuous measurement oil well pump in overall process.Because the pump ability of taking out of oil well is greater than the shaft bottom fluid supply capacity, so degree of filling η value presents decline trend on time shaft.
By the dynamic degree of filling change histories of oil well pump curve, can find out, curve is not linear decrease, due to by closing well or take out slowly, the shaft bottom producing fluid level can return to certain altitude, the degree of filling of oil well pump can keep one section plateau, and this constant degree of filling value is the maximum degree of filling value η that given oil pumping system can reach
max(defining maximum degree of filling is the maximum degree of filling value that under specified criteria, oil well pump may reach, and uses η
maxMean).So-called given oil pumping system has comprised the physical dimension of given rod tube pump, given pump speed and given shaft bottom liquid property, and the difference of these specified criterias, can make the oil well pump of different oil wells reach different maximum degree of filling value η
max.This stage is divided into the I section.Until the shaft bottom producing fluid level drops to a certain position, on this position, formed bottom pressure deficiency is so that the degree of filling of oil well pump remains on stable state, the degree of filling value of oil well pump starts to successively decrease, and the speed of successively decreasing is at the beginning than comparatively fast, and this one-phase is divided into the II section.But will reduce decline rate after having arrived certain phase, after decline rate reduces, this one-phase is divided into the III stage.In the III stage, the variation more complicated of degree of filling, sometimes very high, sometimes very low, but total decline trend is slower.This is, after full level due to oil well pump successively decreases, suck and get rid of liquid measure and reduce, and namely the pump ability of taking out weakens.After but producing fluid level reduces, the shaft bottom feed pressure reduces, operting differential pressure increases, the nearly corresponding quickening of well seepage velocity, the oil well pump degree of filling is descended to slow down, formed the state that the pump ability of taking out with oil well pump adapts, so, in the regular hour section, the degree of filling of bottom pressure oil well pump has a corresponding self-adjusting balance.Evaluation point η finds time the crosspoint in II stage and III stage as oil well pump
c, critical minimum pump is taken out degree of filling η
cOr critical degree of filling η
c(critical degree of filling refers to the determined value of slope flex point of taking out the degree of filling decline curve by pump, uses η
cMean).
3) will be to the degree of filling of given characteristic oil well from η
maxDrop to η
cTime as fixed pump, find time, choose different T to be found time
g, being found time and waited to find time by pump forms a resting period, and within a resting period, the pump percentage that accounts for the resting period of finding time is taken out dutycycle as pump.
Twitch the three phases analysis of state degree of filling curve from pump, find out the time period that the best-fit pump is taken out.The I stage is the desirable pump section of finding time, but will reach the pump section of finding time under so maximum degree of filling and need closing well and take out slowly for a long time, and rate while having reduced the work of oil well, mean that daily output can not guarantee.The III stage is a stage of balancing each other with shaft bottom seepage flow, but this one-phase is not suitable for carrying out pump, takes out, and its reason has two, the one, in oil well pump, produce " liquid hammer ", and cause Mechanical System Trouble to increase; The 2nd, seepage flow under long-term nearly well oil reservoir bubble point pressure, can cause nearly well oil reservoir work damage.Here do not discuss in detail.
According to the analysis of three phases section on curve, can determine that the II stage is that proper pump is taken out the stage, in this stage, do not need by closing well or take out slowly and wait for the long time, avoided again oil well pump owing to not exclusively being full of produced liquid hammer.So the time that the II stage is lasting is defined as the fixed pump of the given oil well T that finds time
c, or effective pump of title cycle T that finds time
c.
Because each given beam hanger pump pumpingh well has oneself the dynamic degree of filling decline curve of oil well pump, the relatively-stationary pump section of finding time of oneself is also just arranged.So when having determined the pump T that finds time
cAfter, just need to select one and wait the section of finding time T
g(invalid pump of the cycle T that finds time
gOr stop pumping time T
g), by the pump T that finds time
cWith T to be found time
gForm a resting period T, the resting period (resting period time T) is the effective pump of the single T that finds time
cAdd the invalid pump of the single T that finds time
gOr the stop pumping time.
The aggregate-value that one day 24 hours pumps are found time is day effective pump of the accumulative total T that finds time
Ct
One day 24 hours invalid pumps are found time or the aggregate-value of stop pumping time is found time for day invalid pump of accumulative total or day accumulative total stop pumping time T
Gt.
Every day, periodicity was to be removed institute's value by cycle time in one day 24 hours, was intraday circulating cycle issue.
Day accumulative total resting period n, be 24 hours by day effective pump of the accumulative total T that finds time
CtRemove, adopt actual count numerical value.
Within a resting period, the pump T that finds time
cThe percentage that accounts for whole resting period time T is called pump and takes out dutycycle D
p.Be expressed from the next:
If in one-period, wait to find time long, just mean that pump is taken out dutycycle little, the operating efficiency of oil pumper just reduces, and can have influence on the daily output of oil well.
4) arrange according to different resting period, work out a series of intermittent pumps and take out system, take out dutycycle by maximum daily output method and minimum pump and determine that best intermittent pump takes out system.
To a certain given oil well, the pump T that finds time
cBy determining on the dynamic degree of filling decline curve of oil well pump, for fixed pump is found time.T to be found time
gCan select a different set of time value, can be compiled into different resting period time T and pump and take out dutycycle D
pSystem series, then intermittent cyclic in series under each system the operation minimum 24 hours, obtain a series of daily output numerical value, these numerical value can be listed as into test system establishment table.
Wherein, in resting period, take degree of filling as the output that variable was calculated be the single production per cycle, with q
nMean; Adopting 24 hours each resting period output sums that the oil well pump degree of filling is variable is that pump is taken out daily output Q
N(each resting period output sum in 24 hours), the M of unit
3/ day; In N pump taken out system, pump is taken out daily output Q
NThe maximum is that maximum pump is taken out daily output (maximum daily output value), with Q, means; In N pump taken out system, the dutycycle reckling is that minimum pump is taken out dutycycle, the % of unit.
The output q of each jig frequency in each resting period in test is calculated, and design formulas is:
q＝S
n×πR
2 （3）
The output that in formula (3), q is each jig frequency in the resting period, S
nFor oil well pump is full of height, the radius that R is the oil well pump oil pick-up tube.Using the single cycle each time pump take out the output q of the cumulative value of the output of circulation as per cycle
n.By in every day in each cycle the addition of the output that obtains accumulative total, just obtain daily output Q
N.
Take out system and choose best system and can be determined by two indexs from a series of intermittent pumps.First-selected index is daily output Q
N.In a series of intermittent pumps are taken out system, daily output the maximum is that best intermittent pump is taken out system.
Second index is dutycycle, and two above intermittent pump systems of taking out obtain yield values Q therein
NIn equal situation, choosing the dutycycle reckling is that best intermittent pump is taken out system.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention has mainly adopted the different principle of judging degree of filling with traditional power graph method.Dynamically the degree of filling test method(s) is non-power graph method, and it directly obtains the degree of filling of oil well pump on measured load-time graph and displacement time curve according to the time synchronized method, the speed piece, and precision is high, easily measures in real time at the scene, analyzes and diagnose.The S.Gibbs shaft bottom power graph method of this method and United States advanced is compared and is more suitable for China's actual conditions.At the most Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of the U.S., adopting wave equation to calculate the necessary condition that shaft bottom pump merit figure carries out analyzing and diagnosing is that large pump is taken out soon.Namely the diameter of oil well pump is large and jig frequency is high, and such process conditions make the load of ground survey that serious distortion occur, and causes and analyzes and the difficulty of diagnosis.U.S.'s pumpingh well employing pump footpath is mostly more than 56mm, and the jig frequency great majority are more than 6 beats/mins.And the pump footpath of China's pumpingh well is generally all below 56mm, jig frequency all is less than 6 beats/mins, so only have very little distortion in the load of ground survey, and easily revise, this is directly by landing load-time graph and displacement-time curve, to determine the abundant and necessary condition of oil well pump degree of filling value.
2, this method and program have realized the measurements and calculations of continuous degree of filling, change procedure and the characteristics of complete oil well pump degree of filling in the process of successively decreasing have been provided, provided the evaluation of estimate of finding time of definite meaning by analysis, the control that makes to find time has had actual physical significance.
3, this method, for ease of measurement and the control of the dynamic change of oil well pump degree of filling, has determined that a set of parameter for test and the term that this test method is adopted are defined, and makes test method and process form the standard of a set of science.Be convenient to block and the aboveground definite initial trial condition of different sucker-rod pumping and evaluation of test result at different oil reservoirs.
4, test according to this best system that selected intermittent pump is taken out, simple, reduced the blindness that mechanical pump is taken out, can make to occupy the confession of bar pump pumpingh well more than 70% adopts inharmonic low yield and hyposmosis oil pumping well yield and reaches maximization, not only reduced mechanical energy consumption, the more important thing is the production capacity of having brought into play oil well, improve recovery ratio.Make current land oil production engineering level reach a new stage.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sucker-rod pumping well construction and operating principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that the nearly well oil reservoir in shaft bottom is to well seepage flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the oil well pump structural representation.
Fig. 4 is that oil well pump degree of filling of the present invention is determined schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is oil well pump load-time graph of the present invention and displacement-time curve.
Fig. 6 is that continuous pump of the present invention is twitched state degree of filling decline curve.
Fig. 7 is that interior pump of resting period of the present invention is found time and square wave figure to be found time.
Fig. 8 is that the well testing of the dynamic oil well pump degree of filling of the present invention determines that best intermittent pump takes out test procedure and the step of system method.
Accompanying drawing sign: 1-motor; The 2-speed changer; The 3-balance weight; The 4-connecting rod; The 5-walking beam; The 6-back shaft; The 7-horse head; The 8-polished rod; The 9-polished rod eye; The 10-packing; The 11-sleeve pipe; The 12-oil pipe; 13-piston and travelling valve; The 14-standing valve; Liquid height in the 15-pump; The 16-producing fluid level; The 17-oil pipe; The 18-sleeve pipe; The 19-perforation; The 20-sucker rod; 21-liquid suction head; The 22-Pump Suction Nozzle; The 23-bottom dead centre; The 24-top dead-centre; The 131-piston; The 132-standing valve.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples to the detailed description of the invention.
According to purpose of the present invention and requirement, concrete enforcement will possess following condition:
1, necessary PRL and displacement tester and instrument.The load transducer precision of measuring is wanted 10mV/V, and the full scale precision of displacement transducer will reach 0.2%.Adopt measurement digital record and the storage device of enough accuracy, the A/D conversion accuracy of measuring-signal should reach 12bit.The sampling digit rate should be higher than 20 samples/sec.Having can output print or equipment that directly screen reads curve numerical value, so that analyze value.
2, must be equipped with the automatic cycle timer, as the dual-time timer, preferably adopt digital programmable can carry out the programme controlled smart machine of automatic cycle.Automatically find time according to the pump in per cycle and wait to find time the motor of switch oil pumper, or changing the purpose that the variable-frequency motor rotating speed reaches speed Control.
3, to be measured or be calculated by the daily output to oil well reality in conjunction with the oil well output measureing equipment.Suggestion adopts well other ground tank and tank car to follow the tracks of metering.Adopt three phase separator metering commonly used, need to reach time enough.
The structure of oil well pump described in the present invention as shown in Figure 3.Pumping bar 20 drive piston 131 motions is to carve to be divided into two stages.From A to the B stage, be that piston moves upward to the process of top dead-centre 24 from bottom dead centre 23.After up beginning, the pressure in pump drops to when being less than bottom pressure, and standing valve 14 is opened, and the liquid in shaft bottom enters in pump by Pump Suction Nozzle 22.But, when the liquid height that be drawn in oil well pump constantly increases, when bottom pressure can not further provide enough pressure, the liquid height in pump stops increasing, what produced oil well pump not exclusively is full of phenomenon.Space in oil well pump forms two parts, and bottom is divided into the liquid entered in oil well pump, and top is divided into air and is full of part, is called clearance space.When piston movement, after top dead-centre B, transfer to the motion of bottom dead centre A.In moving downward process, piston 131 is at first by being full of the clearance space of air, when touching liquid suction head 21 position, piston 131 starts compressed liquid, when under piston, partial pressure is greater than upper partial pressure, travelling valve 132 is opened, and under piston, partially liq is discharged in the middle of the oil pipe on top.
Oil well pump degree of filling η is defined as inhalant liquid height S in oil well pump
nWith the full stroke S of oil well pump
gPercentage (Fig. 4).
Embodiment
In the present embodiment dynamically the well testing of oil well pump degree of filling determine that best intermittent pump takes out the test procedure of system method and step as shown in Figure 8.Specific as follows:
1, the test of the degree of filling of oil well pump.
At first the test of the degree of filling of oil well pump utilizes the angular displacement sensor on the load sensor with polish rod on the P point and S point in Fig. 1 to carry out the measurement of load-time graph and displacement-time curve.The shape of the curve of measuring as shown in Figure 5.In displacement-time curve, the A point is bottom dead centre, and the B point is top dead-centre.Load-time graph is an irregular curve movement, but it is C point and D point that two characteristic points are arranged on load-time graph.The C point is when piston moves upward from bottom dead centre, the opening point of standing valve when interior pressure is less than bottom pressure to oil well pump.The position of turning point C is corresponding on displacement-time curve is C ' point.Just can determine the position that the oil well pump standing valve is opened according to C ' point, now the residing position that remains bottom dead centre of oil pump piston.At A point to the displacement that C ' point occurs, changing, is because the sucker rod elastic deformation is caused, and piston does not during this period of time produce change in displacement.So the hair stroke should be
Another turning point D having occurred when descending from top dead-centre B on load-time graph, is that the travelling valve of oil well pump is opened a little.According to time Synchronization Analysis, what the D point on load-time graph was corresponding is the D ' point on displacement-time curve.Can conclude from D ' position that travelling valve is opened.This position is also that liquid is drawn into the height in oil well pump, is also the starting point of the clean stroke of oil pump piston.So clean stroke is
The clean stroke value η of gained will be measured
nWith hair stroke η
gIn substitution formula (1), can obtain degree of filling value η.
2, continuous pump is twitched test and the evaluation point η that finds time of state degree of filling decline curve
cDetermine.
Formulate longer shut-in pressure recovery time, make the shaft bottom producing fluid level reach a corresponding height, and then uninterruptedly carry out continuously pump and take out, the degree of filling η value of continuous measurement oil well pump in overall process.Take the time as abscissa, and degree of filling is that ordinate is drawn continuous pump twitch state degree of filling decline curve, as shown in Figure 6.
In Fig. 6, during the degree of filling held stationary state of oil well pump, when degree of filling is steady state value, the maximum degree of filling value η that this value can reach for given oil pumping system
max, this stage is divided into the I section.When the bottom pressure deficiency, so that the degree of filling of oil well pump remains on stable state, the degree of filling value of oil well pump starts to successively decrease, and in figure, A is the oil well pump degree of filling starting point of successively decreasing.The speed of successively decreasing is at the beginning than comparatively fast, and this one-phase is divided into the II section.But will reduce decline rate after having arrived certain phase.After decline rate reduces, this one-phase is divided into the III stage.Evaluation point η finds time the crosspoint B in II stage and III stage as oil well pump
cThe fixed pump that the AB section in II stage is defined as the given oil well Tc that finds time.
3, intermittent pump is taken out establishment and the calculating of system
After having determined that pump is found time, select one to wait the section of finding time T
g, by the pump T that finds time
cForm a resting period (Fig. 7) with Tg to be found time.
Every day periodicity be one day 24 hours by cycle time except institute's value be intraday circulating cycle issue.
Within a resting period, the find time percentage that accounts for whole cycle time of pump is called pump and takes out dutycycle D
p.
Fig. 7 is the pump T that finds time in one-period
cWith T to be found time
gThe square wave figure.To a certain given oil well, pump is found time by determining on the dynamic degree of filling decline curve of oil well pump, for fixed pump is found time.Wait to find time and can select a different set of time, can be compiled into different cycles time and pump and take out the system series of dutycycle, then intermittent cyclic minimum 24 hours of operation under each system in series again, obtain a series of numerical value, these numerical value are listed as into test system establishment table, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
4, test pump is taken out the calculating of output
Single production per cycle q
nCalculate.The parameter of each jig frequency in each loop cycle in test is calculated, and design formulas is:
q＝S
n×πR
2
S in formula
nFor oil well pump is full of height, by the single cycle each time pump take out the cumulative q of obtaining of output of circulation
nValue is as the output in per cycle.
As in every day in each cycle the addition of the output that obtained accumulative total, just obtain daily output Q
N.
5, the best pump system of taking out is chosen
Take out system and choose best system and can be determined by two indexs from a series of intermittent pumps.First-selected index is daily output Q
N.In a series of intermittent pumps are taken out system, daily output the maximum is that best intermittent pump is taken out system.
Second index is dutycycle, and two above intermittent pumps are taken out in the situation that yield values that system obtains is equal therein, and choosing the dutycycle reckling is that best intermittent pump is taken out system.
Claims (6)
1. the dynamic degree of filling well testing of oil well pump determines that intermittent pump takes out the system method, it is characterized in that: this method is to be greater than the Dlagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Well of shaft bottom fluid supply capacity for the pump ability of taking out, set up the best intermittent pump of stand oil well really and take out the method for system, specifically comprise the steps:
(1) the continuous PRL-time graph of synchro measure and polished rod continuous dislocation-time graph, determine respectively the standing valve of oil well pump and the opening time of travelling valve by the up load turning point on load-time graph and descending load turning point, and further determine clean stroke and the hair stroke of oil pump piston, using the percentage of clean stroke and hair stroke as the fullness measure value;
(2) formulate shut-in pressure recovery time, make the shaft bottom producing fluid level reach corresponding height, and then uninterruptedly carry out continuously pump and take out, the degree of filling value of at pump, taking out continuous measurement oil well pump in overall process, set up degree of filling-time graph, this curve is the dynamic degree of filling of the oil well pump history curve that successively decreases, and according to curve, the pump of oil well pump is twitched to the step response analysis and obtains maximum pump and take out degree of filling η
maxTake out degree of filling η with critical minimum pump
c
(3) will be to the degree of filling of given characteristic oil well from η
maxDrop to η
cTime as the fixed pump T that finds time
c, choose different T to be found time
g, being found time and waited to find time by pump forms a resting period, and within a resting period, the pump percentage that accounts for the resting period of finding time is taken out dutycycle D as pump
p
(4) arrange according to different cycle, work out a series of intermittent pumps and take out system, take out dutycycle by maximum daily output method and minimum pump and determine that best intermittent pump takes out system.
2. intermittent pump according to claim 1 is taken out the system method, it is characterized in that: described step (1) specifically comprises:
(1) definition oil well pump degree of filling is inhalant liquid height S in oil well pump
nWith the full stroke S of oil well pump
gPercentage, with formula table, be shown:
In formula: η is the oil well pump degree of filling, S
nFor inhalant liquid height in oil well pump, S
gFor the full stroke of oil well pump;
(2) carry out the measurement of load-time graph and displacement-time curve, the minimum point of displacement-time curve is bottom dead centre A, and peak is top dead-centre B; When moving upward, bottom dead centre occurs on load-time graph that the load Condition of Sudden Unloading forms the load turning point C of piston stroking upward, the position of turning point C is corresponding C ' point on displacement-time curve, determine the position that the oil well pump standing valve is opened, the now residing position that remains bottom dead centre of oil pump piston according to C ' point; At A point to the displacement that C ' point occurs, changing, is because the sucker rod elastic deformation is caused, and piston does not during this period of time produce change in displacement, so the hair stroke is
While on load-time graph, from top dead-centre B, going downwards to the height that liquid is full of, the pressure meeting flip-flop that piston is upper and lower, travelling valve is opened immediately, travelling valve is opened rear piston surface pressure and is descended suddenly again, landing load-time graph can experience unexpected decline and increase turnover, forms the load turning point D of descent of piston; According to time Synchronization Analysis, what the D point on load-time graph was corresponding is the D ' point on displacement-time curve, from D ', determines the position that travelling valve is opened, and this position is that liquid is drawn into the height in oil well pump, also the starting point of the clean stroke of oil pump piston, so clean stroke is
The clean stroke value η of gained will be measured
nWith hair stroke η
gIn substitution formula (1), can obtain degree of filling value η, be shown with formula table:
Wherein: η
nFor the clean stroke of oil well pump, η
gFor oil well pump hair stroke.
3. intermittent pump according to claim 1 is taken out the system method, it is characterized in that: continuous PRL-time graph described in step (1) utilizes the load sensor with polish rod on polished rod to measure, and polished rod continuous dislocation-time graph utilizes angular displacement sensor to measure.
4. intermittent pump according to claim 1 is taken out the system method, it is characterized in that: according to curve, the pump of oil well pump is twitched to the step response analysis described in step (2) and obtain maximum pump and take out degree of filling η
maxTake out degree of filling η with critical minimum pump
cBe specially:
On the dynamic degree of filling change histories of oil well pump curve, the degree of filling of oil well pump can keep one section plateau, and this degree of filling value is the maximum degree of filling value η that given characteristic oil pumping system can reach
maxThis stage is divided into the I section; After the degree of filling value of oil well pump starts to successively decrease, from fast to slow, the fast stage of decline rate is divided into the II section to the speed of successively decreasing, and after decline rate is slack-off, this one-phase is divided into the III stage; Evaluation point η finds time the crosspoint in II stage and III stage as oil well pump
c.
5. take out the system method according to the described intermittent pump of claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: described given characteristic has comprised the physical dimension of given rod tube pump, given pump speed and given shaft bottom liquid property, the difference of these specified criterias, can make the oil well pump of different oil wells reach different maximum degree of filling value η
max.
6. intermittent pump according to claim 1 is taken out the system method, it is characterized in that: described step (4) is specially:
For given oil well, pump is found time fixing, chooses different waiting and finds time, and sets up the different resting periods and takes out system with the intermittent pump that corresponding pump is taken out dutycycle, then by each resting period operation in this system at least 24 hours, obtain daily output value corresponding to each resting period;
Daily output the maximum in this system is taken out to system as best intermittent pump; When intermittent pump takes out that the different resting period of appearance in system, corresponding daily output value equated, choosing pump, to take out the dutycycle reckling be that best intermittent pump is taken out system.
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