CN108278104B - Oil well interval pumping method for low-permeability oil field - Google Patents

Oil well interval pumping method for low-permeability oil field Download PDF

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CN108278104B
CN108278104B CN201810076882.8A CN201810076882A CN108278104B CN 108278104 B CN108278104 B CN 108278104B CN 201810076882 A CN201810076882 A CN 201810076882A CN 108278104 B CN108278104 B CN 108278104B
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符喜德
赵亚杰
黄华
高庆华
董涛
刘通
刘建刚
倪军
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Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a low-permeability oilfield oil well interval pumping method. A low-permeability oilfield well interval pumping method comprises the following steps: obtaining formation pressurep eAnd well inflow dynamicsQ S(p) (ii) a Obtaining the oil well pump efficiency curveη(t) (ii) a To shut-in pressure recovery curveP r(t) At any point above (t，p) Calculating the production of the oil well in an interval pumping period as the well pumping pressureQAnd apparent daily output
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(ii) a Calculating the daily output under different pumping pressures, and taking the working system when the daily output is maximum as the pumping-stopping pressurepThe optimal intermittent pumping system at 0, the well stopping time is (t-T1) The well opening time is (T2‑t) (ii) a Selecting different pumping stop pressures, calculating the maximum daily output under a series of pumping stop pressures, wherein the working system corresponding to the maximum daily output is the optimal interval pumping system of the oil well. The invention eliminates the error caused by converting the bottom hole pressure of the dynamic liquid level due to the foam section of the dynamic liquid level.

Description

Oil well interval pumping method for low-permeability oil field
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a low-permeability oilfield oil well interval pumping method.
Background
With the continuous deepening of the exploration and development of the oil field, the liquid supply capacity of the oil well is insufficient due to the reduction of formation energy, low permeability and the like, and the yield is reduced. Because the oil well is not coordinated in supply and discharge, the pumping unit operates in an inefficient state for a long time. This not only causes energy waste but also aggravates equipment wear, and results in high crude oil production cost. For such wells, the common domestic method is to produce in an intermittent pumping mode. Whether the oil well intermittent pumping system is reasonable is the key of oil well intermittent pumping.
At present, the oil well interval pumping system is made according to the man-made experience or the working fluid level data of the oil well. Due to the fact that a foam section exists in an oil sleeve annular liquid column and the sound wave speed is inaccurate, measured working fluid level data of an oil well have certain errors, stratum parameters are not complete and accurate enough, or a selected calculation model is not suitable for a target oil layer, the finally obtained intermittent pumping system is not reasonable enough, and the production potential of an intermittent pumping well is not fully excavated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for making an interwell pumping system of a low-permeability oil field, which aims to solve the problems that the working fluid level data cannot reflect the real condition of a stratum and the like in a working fluid level data method and provides a method for determining the interwell pumping system by taking the actually measured bottom hole pressure data as a calculation basis and taking the yield maximization as a principle.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-permeability oilfield well interval pumping method comprises the following steps:
step 1: fitting a shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(t) and according to the shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(t) obtaining the formation pressure peAnd well inflow dynamics curve QS(p); taking the bottom hole flow pressure P0 of the oil well when the oil well is not pumped as the pumping stop pressure during pumping, and finding out the P0 shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(T) at corresponding time point T1;
step 2: fitting the well opening pressure decline curve Pr' (t) finding P0 at the time of well opening pressure decrease curve Pr' (T) at the corresponding time point T2; according to the well opening pressure decline curve Pr' (t) obtaining a well pump efficiency curve η (t);
and step 3: to shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(t) calculating the well production Q and the apparent daily production in an interval pumping period by using any point (t, p) on (t) as the well pumping pressure
Figure GDA0002281238060000011
Figure GDA0002281238060000012
Wherein Q is and
Figure GDA0002281238060000013
the units are all m3；fpIs the cross section area of the plunger of the oil well pump in m2(ii) a s is the well stroke in m; n is the number of oil well strokes in min-1(ii) a t is time in units of h; t2 is the closing time point in unit h; t1 is the well opening time point in unit h; qsIs the stratum seepage flow rate in m3(ii) a p is pressure, in MPa; p is a radical ofrThe bottom hole pressure after closing the well is unit MPa; p'rThe bottom hole pressure after closing the well is unit MPa; p is a radical of0The bottom hole flow pressure in MPa during the whole day production;
and 4, step 4: calculating the apparent daily output under different pumping pressures, wherein the working system when the apparent daily output is maximum is the optimal intermittent pumping system when the pumping pressure is stopped p0, the well stopping time is (T-T1), and the well opening time is (T2-T);
and 5: selecting different pumping stop pressures, calculating the maximum daily output under a series of pumping stop pressures, wherein the working system corresponding to the maximum daily output is the optimal interval pumping system of the oil well.
Further comprising the step 6: and adjusting an oil well intermittent pumping system by combining the electricity price information, and determining the specific well closing time and the specific starting time to realize the optimal economy.
Said formation pressure peObtained by a well testing interpretation method.
The oil well inflow dynamic curve Q in the step 1SThe method of (p) is:
(1) pressure recovery curve P at shut-inr(t) at any pressure point, according to the time in any two pointsCalculating the oil well yield by the interval delta t and the pressure change delta P:
Figure GDA0002281238060000021
in the formula: delta h is the working fluid level height variation, unit m; Δ p is the bottom hole pressure variation in MPa; Δ t is the amount of time change, in units of h; rholIs the density of the liquid in the well bore in kg/m3(ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity; saIs the annular cross-sectional area of the oil jacket in m2；
(2) Calculating well production at different pressures and fitting the pressure-production data to a well inflow dynamics curve Qs(p)。
Obtaining the inflow dynamic curve Q of the oil wells(p) and a passing point (p)e0) dynamic curve Q of inflow to the wellsAnd (p) correcting.
The method for obtaining the oil well pump efficiency curve η (t) in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) after the well is opened, the pressure drop curve P is generatedr' (t) at any pressure point, calculating the oil well pumping efficiency according to the time interval delta t and the pressure change delta P in any two points:
Figure GDA0002281238060000022
in the formula: qsIs the stratum seepage flow rate in m3；QpFor the amount of oil well produced, unit m3；fpIs the cross section area of the plunger of the oil well pump in m2(ii) a s is the well stroke in m; n is the number of oil well strokes in min-1；
(2) Calculating the pumping efficiency of the oil well under different pressures, and fitting the pressure-pumping efficiency data into a pumping efficiency curve η (p);
(3) combined with the well-opening pressure descent curve Pr' (t), converting η (p) to η (t).
The thinning cycle duration (T2'-T1') satisfies the following condition:
Figure GDA0002281238060000031
n or
Figure GDA0002281238060000032
Is an integer;
and adjusting the specific well opening time and the well closing time according to the electricity price information, so that the well opening time period falls in the time period with lower electricity price as far as possible, the electricity utilization cost is reduced, and the minimization of the oil extraction cost is achieved.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the method takes actually measured bottom hole pressure data as a calculation basis and the principle of maximizing the yield to determine the stopping pressure and the opening pressure of the intermittent pumping well, thereby determining the intermittent pumping system of the intermittent pumping well, eliminating the error caused by converting the bottom hole pressure of the working fluid level due to the foam section of the working fluid level, and avoiding the problem that the production potential of the oil well is not fully excavated because the intermittent pumping system is not suitable due to the inaccuracy of stratum parameters and a calculation model; and on the premise of ensuring the maximum production of the intermittent pumping well, the specific well opening time and the specific well closing time are further optimized according to the electricity price information, so that the electricity consumption cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for making a pumping system between oil wells in a low permeability oil field.
FIG. 2 is a measured pressure curve for a particular well.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a shut-in pressure recovery curve processing flow.
FIG. 4 is a well inflow dynamics curve QS(p) schematic representation.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a well opening pressure decline curve processing flow.
Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the well pump efficiency curve η (t).
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the process for determining the start-pumping pressure when p0 is used as the intermediate pumping stop pressure.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a process for determining an optimal pumping interval for a well.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a process for determining specific pumping on and off times of an oil well in combination with power rate information.
Detailed Description
The method is described in the following with reference to an example of a well. The basic data for a certain well is as follows: pump diameter of oil pump: 44 mm; stroke of the pumping unit: 1.2 m; punching times: 6min-1(ii) a Inner diameter of the sleeve: 124 mm; oil pipe external diameter: 73 mm; pump hanging depth: 415m, the current pumping system is switched on for 4 hours and switched off for 20 hours, and the daily liquid yield: 0.42m3/d。
Step 1: measuring oil well pressure data;
step 1-1: a bottom hole pressure gauge for oil well operation;
step 1-2: starting the oil well, and stopping pumping until the liquid production amount of the oil well is stable or equal to the original liquid production amount;
step 1-3: determining the pressure recovery time of the oil well according to the geological conditions of the oil well, and starting pumping of the oil well after the well stopping time is up;
step 1-4: stopping pumping when the liquid production amount of the oil well is stable or equivalent to the original liquid production amount;
step 1-5: the well is shut in, the bottom hole pressure gauge is taken out, and the data is read, as shown in figure 2.
Step 2: fitting a shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(t) calculating a well inflow dynamics curve QS(p)；
Step 2-1: fitting the shut-in pressure recovery data to a curve Pr(t)；
Step 2-2: method for solving formation pressure p by utilizing well testing interpretation methode；
Step 2-3: at any pressure point of the shut-in pressure recovery curve, the oil well yield is calculated according to the time interval delta t and the pressure change delta p in any two points, as shown in FIG. 3:
Figure GDA0002281238060000041
in the formula: delta h is the working fluid level height variation, unit m; Δ p is the bottom hole pressure variation in MPa; Δ t is the amount of time change, in units of h; rholIs the density of the liquid in the well bore in kg/m3(ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity; saIs the annular cross-sectional area of the oil jacket in unitm2；
Repeating the step 2-3, and calculating oil well yield curves under different pressures;
step 2-4: fitting the calculated pressure-yield data into a curve Qs(p)；
Step 2-5: utilization point (p)e0) correction of the curve Qs(p) as shown in FIG. 4.
And step 3: fitting the well opening pressure decline curve Pr' (t), calculating to obtain an oil well pump efficiency curve η (t);
step 3-1: preferably, the open hole pressure drawdown data is fitted to a curve Pr′(t)；
Step 3-2: at any pressure point of the well opening pressure reduction curve, calculating the pumping efficiency of the oil well according to the time interval delta t and the pressure change delta p in any two points, as shown in figure 5:
after the well is opened, the change of the flow pressure at the bottom of the well is influenced by the stratum seepage flow and the artificial lifting amount. The pumping efficiency of the oil well at different bottom hole flow pressures can be calculated by the following equation set:
Figure GDA0002281238060000042
in the formula: qsIs the stratum seepage flow rate in m3；QpFor the amount of oil well produced, unit m3；fpIs the cross section area of the plunger of the oil well pump in m2(ii) a s is the well stroke in m; n is the number of oil well strokes in min-1；
Repeating the step 3-2, and calculating the pumping efficiency of the oil well under different pressures;
step 3-3, preferably, a curve η (p) which is obtained by fitting the calculated pressure-pump efficiency data into a model;
step 3-4: preferably, in combination with the well opening pressure decline curve Pr' (t), converting η (p) to η (t), as shown in FIG. 6.
And 4, step 4: determining the optimal well closing time and the optimal well opening time according to a yield maximization principle;
step 4-1: by bottom hole flowing pressure p of oil well when oil well is not pumped intermittently0 is the pumping stop pressure during intermittent pumping, P0 is the shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(T) at the corresponding time point T1, P0 and the well opening pressure decline curve Pr' (T) at the corresponding time point T2, as shown in FIG. 7;
step 4-2: under the well closing pressure recovery curve Pr(t) selecting any point (t, p) as the pressure of oil well pumping, and calculating the oil well yield Q and the daily output in an interval pumping period
Figure GDA0002281238060000051
Figure GDA0002281238060000052
Step 4-3: selecting different extraction pressures, repeating the step 3-1, and calculating the daily output under the different extraction pressures, as shown in fig. 7;
step 4-4: comparing the apparent daily output under different pumping pressures, wherein the working system when the apparent daily output is maximum is the optimal pumping system of the pumping stop pressure p0, the well shut-in time is (T-T1), and the well opening time is (T2-T);
and 4-5: and (3) selecting different pumping stop pressures, repeating the step 3-1, the step 3-2, the step 3-3 and the step 3-4, calculating the maximum daily output under a series of pumping stop pressures, wherein the working system corresponding to the maximum daily output is the optimal interval pumping system of the oil well. Assuming a shut-in pressure P1, the apparent daily production is greatest at a pressure P' of the on-state, P1 is shown on the off-state pressure recovery curve Pr(T) at the corresponding time point T1', P1 on the curve P of lowering of the well opening pressurer'(T) corresponds to the time point T2', and p 'corresponds to the time T', then the optimal pumping intervals for the oil well are shut-in (T '-T1') hours, open (T2'-T') hours, and one pumping cycle (T2'-T1') hours, as shown in FIG. 8.
The optimal system obtained by substituting example data is as follows: the shut-in time is 28.2 hours, the start-up time is 0.6 hours, the time length of one pumping period is 28.8 hours, and the average daily output is 0.433m3/d。
And 5: preferably, if the inter-pumping cycle duration (T2'-T1') satisfies:
Figure GDA0002281238060000053
n or
Figure GDA0002281238060000054
Is an integer
Then, according to the electricity price information, the specific well opening time and the well closing time are adjusted, so that the well opening time period falls in the time period with lower electricity price as far as possible, the electricity consumption cost is reduced, and the minimization of the oil production cost is achieved, as shown in fig. 9.
The interval pumping period of 28.8 hours does not satisfy the formula 4, so the specific well opening time and the well closing time do not need to be adjusted; assuming that the last pumping system is 8 hours for closing the well and 4 hours for opening the well, the electricity price of the site of the oil production plant is 6: 00-22: 00 is 0.55 yuan, 22: 00-6: 00 is 0.35 yuan, the daily shut-in period of the oil well can be determined as: 2: 00-10: 00 and 14: 00-22: 00, the time period of opening the well each day is as follows: 10: 00-14: 00 and 22: 00-2: 00.

Claims (7)

1. a low-permeability oilfield well interval pumping method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: fitting a shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(t) and according to the shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(t) obtaining the formation pressure peAnd well inflow dynamics curve QS(p); taking the bottom hole flow pressure P0 of the oil well when the oil well is not pumped as the pumping stop pressure during pumping, and finding out the P0 shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(T) at corresponding time point T1;
step 2: fitting the well opening pressure decline curve Pr' (t) finding P0 at the time of well opening pressure decrease curve Pr' (T) at the corresponding time point T2; according to the well opening pressure decline curve Pr' (t) obtaining a well pump efficiency curve η (t);
and step 3: to shut-in pressure recovery curve Pr(t) calculating the well production Q and the apparent daily production in an interval pumping period by using any point (t, p) on (t) as the well pumping pressure
Figure FDA0002281238050000011
Figure FDA0002281238050000012
Wherein Q is and
Figure FDA0002281238050000013
the units are all m3；fpIs the cross section area of the plunger of the oil well pump in m2(ii) a s is the well stroke in m; n is the number of oil well strokes in min-1(ii) a t is time in units of h; t2 is the closing time point in unit h; t1 is the well opening time point in unit h; qsIs the stratum seepage flow rate in m3(ii) a p is pressure, in MPa; p is a radical ofrThe bottom hole pressure after closing the well is unit MPa; p'rThe bottom hole pressure after closing the well is unit MPa; p is a radical of0The bottom hole flow pressure in MPa during the whole day production;
and 4, step 4: calculating the apparent daily output under different pumping pressures, wherein the working system when the apparent daily output is maximum is the optimal intermittent pumping system when the pumping pressure is stopped p0, the well stopping time is (T-T1), and the well opening time is (T2-T);
and 5: selecting different pumping stop pressures, calculating the maximum daily output under a series of pumping stop pressures, wherein the working system corresponding to the maximum daily output is the optimal interval pumping system of the oil well.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: further comprising the step 6: and adjusting an oil well intermittent pumping system by combining the electricity price information, and determining the specific well closing time and the specific starting time to realize the optimal economy.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: said formation pressure peObtained by a well testing interpretation method.
4. According to claim3 the oil well interval pumping method of the low-permeability oil field is characterized in that: the oil well inflow dynamic curve Q in the step 1SThe method of (p) is:
(1) pressure recovery curve P at shut-inr(t) at any pressure point, calculating the oil well production according to the time interval delta t and the pressure change delta P in any two points:
Figure FDA0002281238050000014
in the formula: delta h is the working fluid level height variation, unit m; Δ p is the bottom hole pressure variation in MPa; Δ t is the amount of time change, in units of h; rholIs the density of the liquid in the well bore in kg/m3(ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity; saIs the annular cross-sectional area of the oil jacket in m2；
(2) Calculating well production at different pressures and fitting the pressure-production data to a well inflow dynamics curve Qs(p)。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the inflow dynamic curve Q of the oil wells(p) and a passing point (p)e0) dynamic curve Q of inflow to the wellsAnd (p) correcting.
6. The method for pumping between oil wells in a low-permeability oil field according to claim 5, wherein the method for obtaining the oil well pump efficiency curve η (t) in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) after the well is opened, the pressure drop curve P is generatedr' (t) at any pressure point, calculating the oil well pumping efficiency according to the time interval delta t and the pressure change delta P in any two points:
Figure FDA0002281238050000021
in the formula: qsIs the stratum seepage flow rate in m3；QpFor the amount of oil well produced, unit m3；fpIs the cross section area of the plunger of the oil well pump in m2(ii) a s is the well stroke in m; n is the number of oil well strokes in min-1；
(2) Calculating the pumping efficiency of the oil well under different pressures, and fitting the pressure-pumping efficiency data into a pumping efficiency curve η (p);
(3) combined with the well-opening pressure descent curve Pr' (t), converting η (p) to η (t).
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thinning cycle duration (T2'-T1') satisfies the following condition:
Figure FDA0002281238050000022
n or
Figure FDA0002281238050000023
Is an integer;
according to the electricity price information, the specific well opening time and the well closing time are adjusted, so that the well opening time period falls in the time period with lower electricity price as far as possible, the electricity utilization cost is reduced, and the minimization of the oil extraction cost is achieved.
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