CN110924904A - Method for adjusting rotating speed of motor of oil pumping unit by using bottom hole pump indicator diagram - Google Patents
Method for adjusting rotating speed of motor of oil pumping unit by using bottom hole pump indicator diagram Download PDFInfo
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- CN110924904A CN110924904A CN201811098085.6A CN201811098085A CN110924904A CN 110924904 A CN110924904 A CN 110924904A CN 201811098085 A CN201811098085 A CN 201811098085A CN 110924904 A CN110924904 A CN 110924904A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
- E21B43/127—Adaptations of walking-beam pump systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting the rotating speed of a motor of a pumping unit by a bottom hole pump indicator diagram, which relates to the field of dynamic analysis of a beam pumping system, and adopts the technical scheme that the system efficiency of a ground device of the beam pumping unit is calculated by measuring the parameters of the ground device of the beam pumping unit; calculating the maximum effective pump stroke by taking the system efficiency as the efficiency of the whole beam pumping system, and drawing a pump work diagram by using the pump stroke; thus solving the ground indicator diagram; and controlling the motor to operate in the operating state according to the displacement in the indicator diagram result. The invention has the beneficial effects that: more complex influence factors are considered, the influence factors are modularized, and the calculation result is closer to a true value; the oil well can be differentially calculated according to different well parameters, so that an analysis result suitable for the oil well is obtained; through the post-processing of the calculation result, the corresponding relation between the ground indicator diagram and the underground pump indicator diagram can be obtained, and the operation state of the pumping unit can be conveniently adjusted in a targeted manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dynamic analysis of beam-pumping systems, and particularly relates to a method for adjusting the rotating speed of a motor of a pumping unit by a well bottom pump power diagram.
Background
The ground indicator diagram is accurately obtained from the pump indicator diagram, and the method has important significance for improving the operation control mode of the motor of the oil pumping unit in the oil field and realizing the energy conservation and yield increase of the oil field. The dynamic analysis of the beam-pumping unit comprises two types, namely the dynamic analysis of a pumping unit on the ground part and the dynamic analysis of a sucker rod string on the underground part. The dynamic analysis of the pumping unit usually takes a crank as an equivalent component, and the dynamic process of the crank is analyzed, so that the dynamic parameters of the pumping unit are obtained. The dynamics analysis of the underground sucker rod string is based on a wave equation provided by Gibbs and takes the external force and the self inertia force of the sucker rod string into consideration to carry out the dynamics analysis of the sucker rod string. And then a consideration rod and liquid coupling model and a dynamic analysis model of the inclined shaft and the horizontal shaft are extended.
The indicator diagram respectively represents the displacement and the load at the suspension point of the beam pumping system by the horizontal and vertical coordinates, the operation condition of an oil well is reflected from two dimensions of space and time, the shape of the indicator diagram is always used as the important basis for well condition diagnosis, and the working fluid level, the sand content and the like of the oil well can be obtained through the indicator diagram by a special method. The indicator diagram can be analyzed to obtain a pump indicator diagram, and the oil well yield and the utilization condition of the oil well to the electric energy can be reflected more intuitively.
People usually adjust the running state of the beam pumping unit through the two curves, such as properly adjusting the stroke frequency and starting and stopping the oil well at regular time when necessary, so as to realize the maximum yield by using lower energy. This often requires a great deal of experience and is not accurate enough to adjust the operating conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for adjusting the rotating speed of a motor of an oil pumping unit by a bottom hole pump power diagram.
The technical scheme is that the method for adjusting the rotating speed of the motor of the pumping unit by the bottom hole pump power diagram comprises a conventional beam pumping unit,
s1, calculating the system efficiency of the ground device of the beam-pumping unit by measuring the parameters of the ground device of the beam-pumping unit; a method for calculating the system efficiency of the ground device of the beam pumping unit can be made through a lifting theory.
S2, calculating the maximum effective stroke of the pump by taking the system efficiency obtained in S1 as the efficiency of the whole beam pumping system, namely the optimal pump stroke which is realized by controlling the operation of a motor; this is an assumption that the system efficiency loss is divided into surface system loss and underground loss, and we assume that there is only surface loss and no underground loss, and the pump stroke is obtained as the target of our optimization. In fact subsurface losses are unavoidable and we are for effective stroke optimization.
S3, drawing a pump work diagram by using the pump stroke; combining the pump indicator diagram and the sucker rod load obtained by the stress in the sucker rod motion process, and solving a ground indicator diagram;
and S4, obtaining a polished rod speed distribution curve through derivation according to the displacement in the indicator diagram result obtained in the S3, controlling the motor to operate through a frequency converter, realizing the specified polished rod speed distribution, and controlling the motor to operate in the operating state.
Preferably, the stress analysis in the process of the sucker rod moving in S3 is the analysis of the polished rod load, that is, the axial load of the polished rod, including several factors, such as the weight of the sucker rod in well fluid, the weight of well fluid in the sucker rod string in the annular space of the oil pipe, the pressure of the fluid string outside the oil pipe on the lower end of the plunger, the friction force applied to the sucker rod string and the oil pump during the movement, the vibration load generated by the sucker rod moving, and the inertia load of the sucker rod string and the fluid string.
Preferably, the polished rod load is determined by analyzing the load of two time periods of up-down stroke, wherein the load is the static load which is the weight of a sucker rod in well fluid, the weight of the sucker rod column in the annular space of an oil pipe, and the pressure of the liquid column outside the oil pipe to the lower end of the plunger; the analysis method here is an existing load solving method.
The friction force born by the sucker rod string and the oil well pump during movement, the vibration load generated by the movement of the sucker rod and the inertia load of the sucker rod string and the liquid column are the dynamic load of the polish rod.
Preferably, in the polished rod dynamic load, the suspension point acceleration is related to the geometrical structure of the pumping unit; the suspension point acceleration of the pumping units of different types can be deduced by using a theoretical mechanical method; generally, the maximum load of the polish rod is increased by the damping of the sucker rod, and the minimum load of the polish rod is reduced, namely the stress amplitude of the sucker rod and the unbalance of an indicator diagram are increased; the stress amplitude and the unbalance are increased, the deformation of the sucker rod is increased, the effective stroke is shortened, and the rotation speed of the motor provided by the invention is utilized to control the operation of the oil pumping unit, so that the deformation can be effectively controlled, and the effective stroke is increased.
And (4) obtaining a wave equation through the stress analysis of the load of the light bar.
Preferably, the force analysis of the light bar load includes:
zero load, i.e. the starting point of the polished rod load;
weight W 'of sucker rod in well fluid'rIs as follows;
wherein, W'rIs the gravity in the air of the sucker rod, N; rhofIs the well fluid density, kg/m 3; rhorIs the density of a sucker rod, kg/m 3;
upstroke suspension point load WjIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the liquid column static load is the difference of liquid load on the whole plunger area, N; dpIs the pump diameter, m; h is the working fluid level depth m;
maximum suspension point load WmaxIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, W1-Is the maximum suspension point load coefficient, N;
minimum suspension point load WminIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, W2-Is the minimum suspension point load coefficient, N;
crank balance effect WcIn order to realize the purpose,
by the stress analysis, a dynamic calculation and prediction model of the sucker rod string can be obtained; selecting a micro-section of the sucker rod string as an analysis unit, and analyzing the stress on two nodes to obtain a balance equation, namely a wave equation:
wherein E isrIs the modulus of elasticity of the sucker rod string; a. therThe cross section area of the sucker rod is shown;
wave equation with gravity and damping:
υeis a unit ofThe viscous drag coefficient of the length rod string; g is the acceleration of gravity.
Preferably, the wave equation is written as a finite element expression:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a quality matrix;
according to the corresponding rigidity matrix, mass matrix, damping matrix and equivalent node load in the equation; firstly, writing a node stiffness matrix, a node quality matrix and a node equivalent node load;
synthesizing a total stiffness matrix, a total mass matrix and a total node load vector by using an algorithm, and obtaining a damping matrix by applying an empirical formula;
solving by adopting a Newmark method in time, and solving by adopting a node iteration method in space; the solution result comprises the displacement, the speed and the acceleration of each node of the sucker rod string. The displacement, the speed and the acceleration of each node of the sucker rod string are measured, wherein the node comprises a starting point and a tail end, the starting point is a suspension point, the tail end is a piston, and the kinematic law of the piston is a parameter corresponding to the effective stroke of the pump.
Preferably, the above analysis formation algorithm is subjected to development of a related program, which facilitates repeated calculations. Based on the analysis method, the invention compiles a VS.exe program of the method for calculating the wellhead work diagram from the pump work diagram. The program comprises an input layer, an operation layer and an output layer, relevant pumping unit parameters and sucker rod string parameters provided on site are input through the input layer and serve as initial conditions and boundary conditions of operation, the kinematic parameters of the sucker rod string are obtained through calculation of the operation layer, and the kinematic parameters are output from the output layer. And finally, carrying out post-processing on the output data to obtain a displacement-load curve at the top of the sucker rod column, namely an indicator diagram, and a displacement-load curve at the bottom, namely a pump diagram.
Preferably, the calculation result obtained by the calculation of the present invention can be post-processing analysis by using data processing software such as MATLAB, EXCLE, etc.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: more complex influence factors are considered, the influence factors are modularized, and the calculation result is closer to a true value; the oil well can be differentiated according to different well parameters, and an analysis result suitable for the oil well is obtained; the calculation method is convenient to operate and can be used for quickly and repeatedly calculating the oil well; through the post-processing of the calculation result, the corresponding relation between the ground indicator diagram and the underground pump indicator diagram can be obtained, and the operation state of the pumping unit can be conveniently adjusted in a targeted manner.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the displacement relationship between the top end and the bottom end of a sucker rod string according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the velocity of the top and bottom ends of a sucker rod string in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of polished rod speed versus a graph of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a method for adjusting the rotation speed of a motor of a pumping unit by a downhole pump power diagram, comprising a conventional beam pumping unit,
s1, calculating the system efficiency of the ground device of the beam-pumping unit by measuring the parameters of the ground device of the beam-pumping unit;
s2, calculating the maximum effective stroke of the pump by taking the system efficiency obtained in S1 as the efficiency of the whole beam pumping system, namely the optimal pump stroke which is realized by controlling the operation of a motor;
s3, drawing a pump work diagram by using the pump stroke; combining the pump indicator diagram and the sucker rod load obtained by the stress in the sucker rod motion process, and solving a ground indicator diagram;
and S4, obtaining a polished rod speed distribution curve through derivation according to the displacement in the indicator diagram result obtained in the S3, controlling the motor to operate through a frequency converter, realizing the specified polished rod speed distribution, and controlling the motor to operate in the operating state.
Preferably, the stress analysis in the process of the sucker rod moving in S3 is the analysis of the polished rod load, that is, the axial load of the polished rod, including several factors, such as the weight of the sucker rod in well fluid, the weight of well fluid in the sucker rod string in the annular space of the oil pipe, the pressure of the fluid string outside the oil pipe on the lower end of the plunger, the friction force applied to the sucker rod string and the oil pump during the movement, the vibration load generated by the sucker rod moving, and the inertia load of the sucker rod string and the fluid string.
Preferably, the polished rod load is determined by analyzing the load of two time periods of up-down stroke, wherein the load is the static load which is the weight of a sucker rod in well fluid, the weight of the sucker rod column in the annular space of an oil pipe, and the pressure of the liquid column outside the oil pipe to the lower end of the plunger;
the friction force born by the sucker rod string and the oil well pump during movement, the vibration load generated by the movement of the sucker rod and the inertia load of the sucker rod string and the liquid column are the dynamic load of the polish rod.
Preferably, in the polished rod dynamic load, the suspension point acceleration is related to the geometrical structure of the pumping unit; the suspension point acceleration of the pumping units of different types can be deduced by using a theoretical mechanical method; generally, the maximum load of the polish rod is increased by the damping of the sucker rod, and the minimum load of the polish rod is reduced, namely the stress amplitude of the sucker rod and the unbalance of an indicator diagram are increased;
and (4) obtaining a wave equation through the stress analysis of the load of the light bar.
Preferably, the force analysis of the light bar load includes:
zero load, i.e. the starting point of the polished rod load;
weight W 'of sucker rod in well fluid'rIs as follows;
wherein, W'rIs the gravity in the air of the sucker rod, N; rhofIs the well fluid density, kg/m 3; rhorIs the density of a sucker rod, kg/m 3;
upstroke suspension point load WjIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the liquid column static load is the difference of liquid load on the whole plunger area, N; dpIs the pump diameter, m; h is the working fluid level depth m;
maximum suspension point load WmaxIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, W1-Is the maximum suspension point load coefficient, N;
minimum suspension point load WminIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, W2-As minimum suspension point load systemA number, N;
crank balance effect WcIn order to realize the purpose,
by the stress analysis, a dynamic calculation and prediction model of the sucker rod string can be obtained; selecting a micro-section of the sucker rod string as an analysis unit, and analyzing the stress on two nodes to obtain a balance equation, namely a wave equation:
wherein E isrIs the modulus of elasticity of the sucker rod string; a. therThe cross section area of the sucker rod is shown;
wave equation with gravity and damping:
υeis the viscous drag coefficient of the sucker rod string per unit length; g is the acceleration of gravity.
Preferably, the wave equation is written as a finite element expression:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a quality matrix;
according to the corresponding rigidity matrix, mass matrix, damping matrix and equivalent node load in the equation; firstly, writing a node stiffness matrix, a node quality matrix and a node equivalent node load;
synthesizing a total stiffness matrix, a total mass matrix and a total node load vector by using an algorithm, and obtaining a damping matrix by applying an empirical formula;
solving by adopting a Newmark method in time, and solving by adopting a node iteration method in space; the solution result comprises the displacement, the speed and the acceleration of each node of the sucker rod string.
Fig. 3 is a polished rod speed curve during constant speed operation and after pump stroke optimization, which illustrates that after the pump diagram is optimized, an indicator diagram is calculated, and the pump diagram is used for controlling the operation of the pumping unit, so that the polished rod speed is obviously improved and is more matched with the load.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the analysis and formation algorithm is used for developing related programs, so that repeated calculation is facilitated. Based on the analysis method, the invention compiles a VS.exe program of a method for calculating a wellhead schematic diagram from a pump diagram. The program comprises an input layer, an operation layer and an output layer, relevant pumping unit parameters and sucker rod string parameters provided on site are input through the input layer and serve as initial conditions and boundary conditions of operation, and the kinematic parameters of the sucker rod string are obtained through calculation of the operation layer and are output from the output layer. Finally, the output data is post-processed to obtain a top displacement-load curve of the sucker rod column, namely a working indicator diagram, and a bottom displacement-load curve, namely a pump power diagram.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the calculation result obtained by the calculation of the invention can be subjected to post-processing analysis by data processing software such as MATLAB, EXCLE and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for adjusting the rotating speed of a motor of a pumping unit by a bottom hole pump indicator diagram comprises a conventional beam pumping unit and is characterized in that:
s1, calculating the system efficiency of the ground device of the beam-pumping unit by measuring the parameters of the ground device of the beam-pumping unit;
s2, calculating the maximum effective pump stroke by taking the system efficiency obtained in S1 as the efficiency of the whole beam-pumping system, namely the optimal pump stroke which is to be realized by controlling the operation of a motor;
s3, drawing a pump work diagram by using the pump stroke; combining the pump indicator diagram and the sucker rod load obtained by the stress in the sucker rod motion process to solve a ground indicator diagram;
and S4, obtaining a polished rod speed distribution curve through derivation according to the displacement in the indicator diagram result obtained in the S3, controlling the motor to operate through a frequency converter, realizing the specified polished rod speed distribution, and controlling the motor to operate in the operating state.
2. The method of claim 1 for adjusting the rotational speed of a motor of a pumping unit from a downhole pump diagram, wherein: the stress analysis of the sucker rod in the S3 process is the analysis of the polished rod load, namely the axial load of the polished rod, including the weight of the sucker rod in well fluid, the weight of the well fluid of the sucker rod column in the annular space of the oil pipe, the pressure of the fluid column outside the oil pipe to the lower end of the plunger, the friction force born by the sucker rod column and the oil pump during the motion, the vibration load generated by the motion of the sucker rod, and the inertia load of the sucker rod column and the fluid column.
3. The method of claim 2 for adjusting the rotational speed of a motor of a pumping unit from a downhole pump diagram, wherein: the load of the polish rod is determined by analyzing the load of two time periods of up-down stroke, wherein the load of the polish rod is determined by the weight of a sucker rod in well fluid, the weight of the well fluid of a sucker rod column in an oil pipe annular space and the pressure of an oil pipe external fluid column to the lower end of a plunger as static load;
the friction force born by the sucker rod string and the oil well pump during movement, the vibration load generated by the movement of the sucker rod and the inertia load of the sucker rod string and the liquid column are the dynamic load of the polish rod.
4. The method of claim 3 for adjusting the rotational speed of a motor of a pumping unit from a downhole pump diagram, wherein: in the polished rod dynamic load, the suspension point acceleration is related to the geometrical structure of the pumping unit; the suspension point acceleration of the pumping units of different types can be deduced by using a theoretical mechanical method;
and (4) obtaining a wave equation through the stress analysis of the load of the light bar.
5. The method of claim 4 for adjusting the rotational speed of a motor of a pumping unit from a downhole pump diagram, wherein: the force analysis of the light bar load comprises:
zero load, i.e. the starting point of the polished rod load;
weight W of sucker rod in well fluidr' to (a) is,
wherein, Wr' is gravity in the air of the sucker rod; rhofIs the well fluid density; rhorIs the density of the sucker rod;
upstroke suspension point load WjIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the liquid column static load is the difference of liquid load on the whole plunger area; dpIs the pump diameter; h is the working fluid level depth;
maximum suspension point load WmaxIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, W1-The maximum suspension point load coefficient;
minimum suspension point load WminIn order to realize the purpose,
wherein, W2-Is the minimum suspension point load factor;
crank balance effect WcIn order to realize the purpose,
by the stress analysis, a dynamic calculation and prediction model of the sucker rod string can be obtained; selecting a micro-section of the sucker rod string as an analysis unit, and analyzing the stress on two nodes to obtain a balance equation, namely a wave equation:
wherein E isrIs the modulus of elasticity of the sucker rod string; a. therThe cross section area of the sucker rod is shown;
wave equation with gravity and damping:
υeis the viscous drag coefficient of the sucker rod string per unit length; g is the acceleration of gravity.
6. The method of claim 5 for adjusting the rotational speed of a motor of a pumping unit from a downhole pump diagram, wherein: writing the wave equation into a finite element expression:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a quality matrix;
according to the corresponding rigidity matrix, mass matrix, damping matrix and equivalent node load in the equation; firstly, writing a node stiffness matrix, a node quality matrix and a node equivalent node load;
synthesizing a total stiffness matrix, a total mass matrix and a total node load vector by using an algorithm, and obtaining a damping matrix by applying an empirical formula;
solving by adopting a Newmark method in time, and solving by adopting a node iteration method in space; the solution result comprises the displacement, the speed and the acceleration of each node of the sucker rod string.
7. The method of claim 6 for adjusting the rotational speed of a motor of a pumping unit from a downhole pump diagram, wherein: the displacement, the speed and the acceleration of each node of the sucker rod string are measured, wherein the node comprises a starting point and a tail end, the starting point is a suspension point, the tail end is a piston, and the kinematic law of the piston is a parameter corresponding to the effective stroke of the pump.
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| CN111475989A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring water content of crude oil based on oil well indicator diagram |
| CN111946329A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for calculating working fluid level of oil well |
| CN113445993A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-28 | 燕山大学 | Pumping unit well pump diagram conversion model based on discrete system |
| CN114109313A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Digital oil pumping unit intelligent control method and system based on double stepping method |
| CN114382447A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 大庆富兴达石油科技有限公司 | Intelligent control method and device for intermittent pumping of pumping unit |
| CN114707389A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-05 | 兰州大学 | Construction method of multi-resolution beam unit based on interpolation wavelet |
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| CN114109313A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Digital oil pumping unit intelligent control method and system based on double stepping method |
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