CN103420532A - 一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，其特点是包括采用过滤装置对废水进行过滤、气浮去油、薄膜蒸发分离浓缩废水及残渣处理等工艺步骤，主要用于油田污水蒸发处理，可对含油污水连续处理，处理后的液相和固相无污染排放。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油田污水处理技术领域，具体地讲是一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，适用于海上和陆地高含盐和高含油油田污水的处理。
背景技术
随着油田开采行业的发展，油田污水是油田开发过程中产生的主要污染物之一，如得不到及时处理，将会对作业区域和周边环境造成不同程度的影响，使生产区域内空气质量存在总烃浓度超标的现象，使水中COD、BOD和石油烃类严重超标，使区域内的植被遭到破坏，草原退化，生态环境受到影响。
目前，各油田处理油田污水大都采用隔油（去除悬浮态油）、混凝气浮（去除乳化态油）、过滤生化处理三种工艺，这种处理工艺虽然有一定效果，但在处理中和处理后存在很多问题。如，物理隔油仅能除去原水中的浮油及大颗粒悬浮物；混凝气浮对药剂投加的工艺要求严格，并且对污水中的化学药剂作用不大；生化处理不仅需要较大占地面积，由于油田污水矿化度极高且含有多种油田化学剂很难直接进行生化处理，需要在处理前用稀释等预处理方法降低离子和化学剂浓度，不仅浪费水资源还增加了处理水量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述已有技术的不足，而提供一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，主要解决现有的油田污水效果不理想、工艺复杂及浪费资源等问题。
本发明的技术方案是：一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，其特殊之处在于它包括如下工艺步骤：
a过滤，油田废水中含有杂质，沙粒等固体，必须对其进行预处理，清除杂物，采用过滤装置对废水进行过滤，使废水中的杂质、沙粒等固体与废水分离，孔径根据水中固体颗粒物的粒径分布选取，固体物质收集回收；
b气浮去油，上述处理后的废水加药剂通过气浮装置对废油进行气浮处理，上层物质刮泥回收；
c薄膜蒸发分离浓缩废水,将上述处理后的废水调节PH值，经过预热进入薄膜蒸发器，根据蒸发水的需要设定温度和真空压力，真空度为100Pa-100KPa,温度为20－120℃，在高真空下废水瞬间蒸发，水蒸汽通过冷凝器回收，回收水排放，冷凝器连接换热装置为预加热废水提供热量，对废水进行预热；残留物冷却至10-30℃，结晶后用压滤机压滤，固体残渣回收，滤液进入储罐，作为薄膜蒸发器残渣打浆用水，循环利用；
d残渣处理，上述过滤、气浮、压滤产生的残渣，可根据其特点进行回收处理，气浮后上层回收物质含大量烃类油，作为炼化原料，过滤和压滤残渣直接固化处理。
进一步的，a步骤所述的过滤装置为真空陶瓷过滤机或振动筛。
进一步的，b步骤所述的药剂为ＰＡＣ、ＰＡＭ，单独或混合投加，用量ＰＡＣ１００－５００ｐｐｍ，ＰＡＭ５－５０ｐｐｍ。
进一步的，c步骤所述的PH值为4－10。
本发明的一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法与已有技术相比具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步，1、采用薄膜蒸发器，由于其真空度高、蒸发面积大，使能源消耗减少，减少了废水处理成本；2、通过过滤、气浮、薄膜蒸发和冷却回收等工艺能够有效的处理高含盐和高含油油田污水，进一步固相固化和后续水处理，以实现泥浆处理后现场排放的标准；3、该方法简单易操作，其过程科学合理，是一种无污染处理方法。
附图说明：
图1是本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式：
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本实用新型，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1，如图1所示，以油田污水处理为例，通过真空陶瓷过滤机去除其中的大颗粒固体物质，孔径根据水中固体颗粒物的粒径分布选取，固体物质进行固化；为增强气浮效果，通过计量泵按比例加入药剂，单独投加药剂ＰＡＣ１００－５００ｐｐｍ或ＰＡＭ５－５０ｐｐｍ，也可混合投加，通过气浮装置，对废油进行气浮处理，使废水中的油脂回收，作为炼化原料重新利用；气浮后的污水通过水泵打进接收槽，在槽体内调节PH值，PH值为4－10，预热后进入薄膜蒸发器，根据蒸发水的需要设定温度和真空压力，因水的蒸汽压要比其它电解质的蒸汽压来的高，所以在薄膜蒸发器内，水会先汽化；由于水的蒸发，使废水中的盐类被浓缩，浓缩后，约只有原体积的5%到10%，冷却至10-30℃后残留物结晶，用压滤机压滤，固体残渣回收固化，滤液进入储罐，作为薄膜蒸发器残渣打浆用水循环利用；此外，从废水中蒸发出的水将在冷凝器中冷凝并排放出来，可以作为软化水重新利用；冷凝器连接换热装置为预加热废水提供热量，在冷凝器中通过换热对将要通过薄膜蒸发器的污水进行预热。
经过上述处理，水回用率达到90%以上，同时回收利用水中的烃类油，由于薄膜蒸发器真空度高、蒸发面积大，使能源消耗减少，减少了废水处理成本。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
另外，本发明的方法可在较低的能耗下处理高含盐量和高有机物废水，并回收利用，同时对部分污染物重新回收利用，分离出的水达到排放标准。
Claims (4)
1.一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，其特征在于它包括如下工艺步骤：
a过滤，采用过滤装置对废水进行过滤，使废水中的杂质、沙粒等固体与废水分离，固体物质收集回收；
b气浮去油，上述处理后的废水加药剂通过气浮装置对废油进行气浮处理，上层物质刮泥回收；
c薄膜蒸发分离浓缩废水,将上述处理后的废水调节PH值，经过预热进入薄膜蒸发器，控制真空度和加热温度，真空度为100Pa-100KPa,温度为20－120℃，在高真空下废水瞬间蒸发，水蒸汽通过冷凝器回收，回收水排放，冷凝器连接换热装置为预加热废水提供热量，对废水进行预热；残留物冷却至10-30℃，结晶后用压滤机压滤，固体残渣回收，滤液进入储罐，作为薄膜蒸发器残渣打浆用水，循环利用；
d残渣处理，上述过滤、气浮、压滤产生的残渣，进行回收处理，气浮后上层回收物质含大量烃类油，作为炼化原料，过滤和压滤残渣直接固化处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，其特征在于a步骤所述的过滤装置为真空陶瓷过滤机或振动筛。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，其特征在于b步骤所述的药剂为ＰＡＣ、ＰＡＭ，单独或混合投加，用量ＰＡＣ１００－５００ｐｐｍ，ＰＡＭ５－５０ｐｐｍ。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用膜蒸发器处理油田污水的方法，其特征在于c步骤所述的PH值为4－10。
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