CN103419670A - 一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统 - Google Patents

一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统 Download PDF

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CN103419670A
CN103419670A CN2013102519329A CN201310251932A CN103419670A CN 103419670 A CN103419670 A CN 103419670A CN 2013102519329 A CN2013102519329 A CN 2013102519329A CN 201310251932 A CN201310251932 A CN 201310251932A CN 103419670 A CN103419670 A CN 103419670A
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traction
closed
motor train
center system
train unit
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CN103419670B (zh
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赵明花
李军
王成涛
荀玉涛
李雪飞
韩伟
况阳
哈大雷
解枫
周勇志
马昭钰
翟黎渊
刘俊明
万争
田伟
翟丽佳
王颖超
蒋英智
张金龙
金鑫
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
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    • B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
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Abstract

一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：主要包括储能装置、牵引变流器、牵引电机，储能装置直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接。本发明绿色环保，实现“零”排放；制动能量通过储能装置进行吸收，实现了能量的循环利用，体现节能理念；采用与既有动车组一致的结构方式，大大减少了设计成本；由于采用了储能装置，该动车组不仅具有非电气化路段的运行能力，在特殊的雨雪天气或接触网受损时有应急救援和战备功能，还可以作为移动电源使用。

Description

一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统
技术领域
本发明涉及动车组牵引系统，尤其涉及一种接储能装置供电的动车组电力牵引系统。
背景技术
牵引系统是动车组传动系统的核心，肩负着为列车提供行驶动力的任务。传统的动车组牵引系统主要为单一的电力牵引，采用接触网供电模式，只能运行在电气化铁路上。或者为单一的内燃机车牵引，运行在非电气化铁路上，而根据我国铁路规划，截至2012年底，我国电气化铁路占全国铁路线路的53%；根据《中长期铁路网规划》，预计2020年，电气化铁路将占全国铁路线路的60%，非电气化铁路仍将长期占有很大比例。所有单一电力牵引的动车组无法满足在非电气化铁路上运行，并且在电气化路段发生故障或者车辆本身高压系统发生故障时，单一电力牵引的动车组将受到影响。
另外，在目前非电气化路段，传统集中供电的列车采用热动力源即内燃机车集中供电牵引的方式，在制动过程中，制动能量主要通过制动电阻的方式消耗，造成能源的巨大浪费。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种由储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统，在无接触网的情况下能正常运行的同时，实现能量的循环利用，且无任何污染，还能够为传统动车组提供应急救援、以及具有战备等作用。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：主要包括储能装置、牵引变流器、牵引电机，储能装置直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接。
牵引变流器包括储能装置接口、预充电装置、四象限整流器、中间直流环节、牵引逆变器、双向DC/DC斩波器、过压抑制电路、牵引电机接口和辅助变流器接口，所述储能装置接口与所述双向DC/DC斩波器连接，且并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述中间直流环节并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述四象限整流器的输出端与所述牵引逆变器的输入端连接，所述牵引逆变器的输出端用于与所述牵引电机接口连接，所述过压抑制电路并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述辅助变流器接口并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述预充电装置设置在所述储能装置接口与所述DC/DC斩波器之间的电路上。
预充电装置包括主接触器、预充电接触器和预充电电阻；所述主接触器用于控制主电路的通断，所述预充电接触器用于控制预充电装置向所述支撑电容预充电。
所述双向DC/DC斩波器包括两个IGBT功率器件和一个电抗器，所述两个IGBT功率器件连接后与电抗器连接。
本发明与现有技术相比所具有的有益效果：
1）采用新能源的牵引系统。
2）绿色环保，实现“零”排放。
3）制动能量通过储能装置进行吸收，实现了能量的循环利用，体现节能理念。
4）采用与既有动车组一致的结构方式，大大减少了设计成本。
5）由于采用了储能装置，该动车组不仅具有非电气化路段的运行能力，在特殊的雨雪天气或接触网受损时有应急救援和战备功能，还可以作为移动电源使用。 
附图说明
图1为本发明实施方式主电路原理图；
图2为牵引变流器组成框图；
图3为牵引变流器主电路原理图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，本发明实施方式主要包括储能装置、牵引变流器、牵引电机，储能装置直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接。
参照图2、图3，1.牵引电机接口2.辅助变流器接口3.储能装置接口4.预充电装置5.四象限整流器6.中间直流环节7.牵引逆变器8.双向DC/DC斩波器9.过压抑制电路
储能装置接口3与双向DC/DC斩波器8连接，且并联在四象限整流器5的输出端直流母线上，中间直流环节6并联在四象限整流器5的输出端直流母线上，四象限整流器5的输出端与牵引逆变器7的输出端连接，牵引逆变器7的输出端用于与动车组的牵引电机接口1连接，为牵引电机接口1供电，通过牵引电机接口1为动车组提供动力。中间直流环节6可以包括支撑电容C1和电容放电电阻Rc1,支撑电容C1对四象限整流器5的输出端具有滤波作用，能够稳定四象限整流器5输出端的直流电压。储能装置接口3可以与蓄电池或超级电容连接，也可以与飞轮或燃料电池等其他储能元件连接。过压抑制电路9并联在四象限整流器5的输出端直流母线上的，过压抑制电路9包括串联的IGBT功率器件IV7和能量吸收电阻Rov，过压抑制电路9用于吸收直流环节6中的瞬时电压尖峰，以保证电路中IGBT功率器件的安全。辅助变流器接口2并联在四象限整流器5的输出端直流母线上，通过中间直流环节6为辅助变流器接口2供电，辅助变流器接口2用于向动车组的辅助负载供电。充电装置4设置在储能装置接口3与双向DC/DC斩波器8之间的电路上；预充电装置4包括主接触器K4、预充电接触器K3和预充电电阻R3。
主接触器LK3用于控制主电路的通断，预充电接触器K3控制预充电电阻R3向支撑电容C1预充电。当中间直流环节6的中间直流电压较低时，先闭合预充电接触器K3，同过预充电电阻R3、电抗器L1和IGNT功率器件BV1的反并联二极管对中间支撑电容C1充电。当中间支撑电容C1两端的电压接近储能电池电压后闭合主接触K4、断开预充电接触器K3，然后双向启动DC/DC斩波器8。
在本实施例中四象限整流器5包括八个IGBT（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双极型晶体管）功率器件，具体为IGBT 功率器件CV1-CV8，整流器5用于实现AC/DC（交流直流）变换。
牵引逆变器7可以包括六个IGBT功率器件IV1-IV6，通过DC/AC（直流/交流）变换，将中间直流电压逆变为电压和频率可调节的三相交流电，用于驱动并联的牵引电机接口 1，为动车组提供动力。牵引逆变器7可以采用高性能电机控制算法，在准确磁链观测的基础上，可以对牵引电机接口1进行精确的转矩控制，以保证动车组良好的加减速性能和运行的平稳可靠；另外，可以采用多模式调制算法，以充分利用直流电压，并降低功率器件损耗，减小噪声。
双向DC/DC斩波器8包括两个IGBT功率器件BV1、BV2和一个电抗器L1。两个IGBT功率器件BV1、BV2连接后与电抗器L1连接。通过不同的开关方式实现对储能装置进行充放电控制，具体为：动力包供电模式下，车辆处于牵引状态时，若动力包功率不足，储能装置接口3通过双向DC/DC斩波器8进行升压控制，以输出牵引能量，以补偿动力包的功率不足；当车辆处于制动状态时，对 双向DC/DC斩波器8进行降压控制，对储能装置充电，以吸收制动能量，实现能量循环利用。 
工作过程：在牵引工况下，使用双向DC/DC斩波器进行储能装置放电，满足列车运行的需求，获得最佳加速性能。
在制动工况下，制动能量全部回馈储能装置，实现能量高效利用与节能减排。

Claims (4)

1.一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：主要包括储能装置、牵引变流器、牵引电机，储能装置直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：牵引变流器包括储能装置接口、预充电装置、四象限整流器、中间直流环节、牵引逆变器、双向DC/DC斩波器、过压抑制电路、牵引电机接口和辅助变流器接口，所述储能装置接口与所述双向DC/DC斩波器连接，且并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述中间直流环节并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述四象限整流器的输出端与所述牵引逆变器的输入端连接，所述牵引逆变器的输出端用于与所述牵引电机接口连接，所述过压抑制电路并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述辅助变流器接口并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述预充电装置设置在所述储能装置接口与所述DC/DC斩波器之间的电路上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：预充电装置包括主接触器、预充电接触器和预充电电阻；所述主接触器用于控制主电路的通断，所述预充电接触器用于控制预充电装置向所述支撑电容预充电。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种储能装置供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：所述双向DC/DC斩波器包括两个IGBT功率器件和一个电抗器，所述两个IGBT功率器件连接后与电抗器连接。
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