CN103411550A - Inner surface stress and temperature monitoring method of internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber bragg grating - Google Patents
Inner surface stress and temperature monitoring method of internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber bragg grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an inner surface stress and temperature monitoring method of an internal combustion engine main bearing based on a fiber bragg grating. Fiber bragg grating strain sensors and fiber bragg grating temperature sensors for temperature compensation are respectively arranged on an internal surface of a to-be-tested main bearing so as to obtain strain changes of a bearing working surface; the fiber bragg grating strain sensors are arranged at all directions of the inner surface of a bearing so as to obtain the strain changes of the bearing at each direction; an engine oil temperature sensor is arranged in a waste engine oil pipe of the internal combustion engine so as to obtain engine oil temperature data; a fiber Bragg grating demodulation instrument is used to obtain center wavelength changes of the engine oil temperature sensor, and to convert the center wavelength changes into electrical signals; and engine oil temperature changes when the internal combustion engine works can be calculated. With the use of characteristics that the fiber bragg grating can simultaneously measure the strain and temperature and is small-sized and one-line-multi-point, the inner surface stress and temperature monitoring method of the internal combustion engine main bearing based on the fiber bragg grating can simultaneously monitor the temperature and strain distribution of the main bearing working when the internal combustion engine works, so as to provide accurate data to support optimization of the structural design of the internal combustion engine main bearing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of internal combustion engine, be specifically related to the strain of a kind of inside surface of internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber grating and temperature monitoring method.
Background technology
In I. C. engine crankshaft system, the effect of main bearing is supporting crankshaft, guarantees the axis of operation of bent axle, make bent axle in rotation with little friction and wear transferring power.In internal combustion engine working process, main bearing is subject to the effect from gas force and the inertial force of bent axle, and in main bearing, rotates due to crankshaft journal the friction force effect produced, so the load that main bearing is bearing is very large.In addition, the speed of related movement between main bearing working surface and axle journal working surface is very high, except causing bearing wear, also makes bearing heating; Machine oil oxidation deterioration in use, corroded bearing.Therefore, the condition of work of internal combustion engine main bearing is more severe.
In order to guarantee the internal combustion engine normal operation, must make the internal combustion engine bearing inside surface keep good lubricating status, it is very important that the structure of combustion motor bearing is optimized design.Wherein, very important key is the design of machine oil groove, comprises the position of offering of oilhole, the determining etc. of the oil groove degree of depth and width dimensions parameter.Temperature and the Strain Distribution situation of understanding exactly main bearing surface in internal combustion engine working process are to determine the important evidence of these parameters.But, because the structure space at this position is limit, also lack the temperature on main bearing surface and the direct Monitoring Data of Strain Distribution situation at present, definite result that mainly still depends on experience and numerical analysis of above-mentioned parameter.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the strain of a kind of inside surface of internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber grating and temperature monitoring method are provided, utilize fiber grating sensing technology, carry out the monitoring of temperature and the Strain Distribution situation on internal combustion engine main bearing surface, for the Optimal Structure Designing of internal combustion engine main bearing provides Data support accurately.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking to be: the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and temperature monitoring method based on fiber grating is characterized in that:
1) at main bearing inside surface to be measured, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is set and, for the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of temperature compensation, in internal combustion engine working process, obtains strain and the temperature variation data variation of main bearing inside surface:
The center wavelength variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, by temperature and the common generation of strain, can be expressed from the next:
Δλ
B1＝α
εε+α
T1ΔT (1)，
In formula: Δ λ
B1For the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that bearing temperature changes; ε is strain variation; α
εGa(u)ge factor for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; α
T1Temperature control coefficient for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
The center wavelength variation of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is expressed from the next:
Δλ
B2＝α
T2ΔT (2)，
In formula: Δ λ
B2For the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is the temperature variation of main bearing inside surface; α
T2Temperature control coefficient for fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
Make Ψ=α
T1/ α
T2, can obtain the strain variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
ε＝(Δλ
B1-ΨΔλ
B2)/α
ε (3)，
By the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor arranged at main bearing inside surface different directions, can obtain main bearing in the strain variation that this side up.
2) in internal combustion engine scrap machine oil pipe, oil temperature sensor is set, obtains the oil temperature delta data in internal combustion engine working process:
Oil temperature sensor is fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, its wavelength variations Δ λ under the temperature variation effect
BMathematic(al) representation:
Δλ
B＝α
TΔT (4)，
In formula: Δ λ
BFor the oil temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that in oil pipe, oil temperature changes; α
TTemperature control coefficient for oil temperature sensor;
Utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to obtain the oil temperature sensor center wavelength variation, and be converted into electric signal, the oil temperature that can calculate in internal combustion engine working process changes.
Press such scheme, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor be set and for the concrete grammar of the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of temperature compensation be at main bearing inside surface to be measured:
Main bearing inwall to be measured is provided with axial groove and circumferential slot, wherein an end of axial groove is connected with oblique slot, oblique slot is smoothly connected by one section deep-slotted chip breaker and circumferential slot, in axial groove, is fixed with 1 fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, in circumferential slot, equidistantly is fixed with 2-4 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is connected by optical fiber with fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and optical fiber is drawn with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and is connected with the intersection of axial groove at oblique slot.
Press such scheme, the angle between described oblique slot and axial groove is 45 degree.
Press such scheme, described axial groove, circumferential slot, deep-slotted chip breaker and oblique slot cross section are the V font, and groove width is 1mm, and groove depth is 0.5mm.
Press such scheme, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor for temperature compensation in bearing are adhesively fixed by glue respectively, then adopt high temperature resistant lipid material that axial groove, circumferential slot, deep-slotted chip breaker and oblique slot are filled and led up.
Principle of work of the present invention is: adopt empty minute/wavelength-division multiplex sensing network of fiber grating, adopt (FBG) demodulator to send wideband light source as the emitter of light, after by fiber grating, reflecting, the light that wavelength meets coupled wave theory is reflected back (FBG) demodulator, by (FBG) demodulator analytical wavelengths signal, and light signal is converted to the electric signal that controller can be identified, by controller, calculated, utilize the relation between optic fiber grating wavelength variation and temperature, strain variation, obtain temperature and the strain variation data on main bearing surface in internal combustion engine working process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention utilized fiber grating simultaneously monitor strain and temperature with and volume is small and the characteristic of a line multiple spot, can in internal combustion engine working process, realize monitoring in the temperature of a plurality of main bearing working surfaces and strain variation, for the Optimal Structure Designing of internal combustion engine main bearing provides Data support accurately.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is internal combustion engine main bearing notching construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is fiber grating principle figure.
Fig. 4 is the layout dimensional drawing of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
Fig. 5 is the layout dimensional drawing of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
In figure: 1. main bearing to be measured, 2. axial groove, 3. circumferential slot, 4. deep-slotted chip breaker, 5. oblique slot, the 6. intersection of oblique slot and axial groove, 7. optical fiber.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention, and it comprises fiber bragg grating sensing device, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and the controller (adopting computing machine in the present embodiment) connected in turn; Wherein fiber bragg grating sensing device comprises at least 1 group main bearing sensor group (being the n group in the present embodiment) and oil temperature sensor; Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator comprises wideband light source, coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch, tunable optic filter, photodetector and data acquisition module, wherein wideband light source is connected with array of photoswitch by coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch is connected with described fiber bragg grating sensing device, tunable optic filter is connected light signal is sampled with coupling mechanism, photodetector is connected and transfers the light signal of sampling to electric signal with tunable optic filter, and data acquisition module is connected electrical signal collection is transferred to described controller with photodetector; The sample frequency of described tunable optic filter is controlled by described controller, and described array of photoswitch drives control by described controller by photoswitch.
Main bearing sensor group comprises fiber-optical grating temperature sensor MBi and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor MBi1-MBi4 (i=1,2 ... n), be separately fixed in the groove of main bearing inwall to be measured, and 1 group of main bearing sensor group is corresponding to 1 main bearing to be measured.As shown in Figure 2, main bearing 1 inwall to be measured is provided with axial groove 2 and circumferential slot 3, wherein an end of axial groove 2 is connected with oblique slot 5, oblique slot 5 is smoothly connected by one section deep-slotted chip breaker 4 and circumferential slot 3, in axial groove 2, be fixed with 1 fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, circumferential slot 3 is interior equidistantly is fixed with 2-4 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is connected by optical fiber with fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and optical fiber is drawn with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and is connected with the intersection 6 of axial groove at oblique slot; It is interior be used to measuring the oil temperature of internal combustion engine operation process that oil temperature sensor is fixed on internal combustion engine scrap machine oil pipe, and oil temperature sensor is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator by optical fiber.
In the present embodiment, the angle between oblique slot 5 and axial groove 2 is 45 degree, and axial groove 2, circumferential slot 3, deep-slotted chip breaker 4 and oblique slot 5 cross sections are the V font, and groove width is 1mm, and groove depth is 0.5mm.After fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor were adhesively fixed by high temperature resistant super glue respectively, axial groove 2, circumferential slot 3, deep-slotted chip breaker 4 and oblique slot 5 adopted high temperature resistant lipid material to fill and lead up again.The fiber-optic grating sensor wire jumper that is arranged in each main bearing inwall is fixed in the oil sump bottom by high-temp glue after drawing, and in oil sump scrap machine oil pipe, draws after concentrating.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the length of axial groove is L to the layout dimensional drawing of main bearing sensor group, and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is the sensor that armouring is good, is positioned at the center of axial groove, and optical fiber 7 is drawn from an end of axial groove; Every 0.6R in axial groove (R is the radius of main bearing to be measured) arranges 1 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is naked grating, length is 10mm, the length of deep-slotted chip breaker is 0.2R, the length of oblique slot is 0.4R, in the present embodiment, in oblique slot, also be provided with 1 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
Optical fiber is fibre-optic abbreviation, is a kind of Medium Wave Guide that is operated in light-wave band.Fibre Optical Sensor is the variations such as the light wave intensity, frequency, phase place, polarization state by Optical Fiber Transmission, the variation that records wavelength, thus obtain by the size of the physical quantitys such as the temperature of geodesic structure, strain.
Fibre Optical Sensor is comprised of fibre core, covering and coat, and the principal ingredient of fibre core and covering is silicon dioxide.Core diameter is generally 5-50 μ m, and cladding diameter is 125 μ m.The principal ingredient of coat is generally the macromolecular materials such as epoxy resin, silicon rubber, and diameter is generally 250 μ m.
Fibre Optical Sensor is comprised of three links: reception and the processing of the conversion of signal, the transmission of signal, signal.Wherein, the conversion links of signal is to convert measured signal to be convenient to transmit light signal, the transmission link of signal is to utilize fibre-optic characteristic that the light signal of conversion is transmitted, the reception of signal and processing links are to send into metering circuit from fibre-optic signal, are processed and are exported by metering circuit.
The Fiber Bragg Grating FBG adopted in the present invention is that its refractive index is usually 10 by changing fiber cores district refractive index, producing little periodic modulation and form
-5-10
-3Between, its principle is as shown in Figure 3.Because the index disturbance in cycle only can exert an influence to very narrow a bit of spectrum, therefore, if when the broadband light wave transmits in grating, incident light will be reflected back at corresponding wavelength, remaining transmitted light is unaffected, and fiber grating has just played the selection effect of light wave like this.This class utilizes the grating of tuning wavelength reflection to be called as Bragg grating, and the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and the mathematical relation of effective refractive index are the bases of Fibre Optical Sensor.From Maxwell's Classical Equation, in conjunction with the coupling fiber theory of modules, utilize the orthogonality relation of fiber grating transmission mode, obtain the basic representation of Bragg grating reflection wavelength:
λ＝2n
effΛ (5)，
Wherein, the wavelength of λ for being reflected back by fiber grating, n
effFor the effective refractive index of fibre core, Λ is the grating cycle, can be adjusted by the relative angle that changes two relevant ultraviolet light beams, and produce by this method the Bragg grating of different reflection wavelengths.When the external world measured causes optical fiber grating temperature, strain, change the variation that all can cause the centre wavelength reflected, the variation that is to say fiber grating reflected light centre wavelength has reflected the situation of change of extraneous measured signal (main bearing surface strain, temperature).
The fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of armouring is by adopting metal material to protect sensitive element grating wherein, making it only be subjected to the impact of temperature.Collection to oil temperature has utilized the wavelength variations Δ λ of oil temperature sensor under the temperature variation effect
B, its mathematic(al) representation:
Δλ
B＝α
TΔT (6)，
In formula: Δ λ
BFor the oil temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that in fuel tank, oil temperature changes; α
TTemperature control coefficient for oil temperature sensor.
Data acquisition to the bearing strain has utilized the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in the bearing, when temperature variation, must carry out temperature compensation to strain sensing, therefore adopt the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in bearing to carry out temperature compensation to fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
The center wavelength variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, by temperature and the common generation of strain, can be expressed from the next:
Δλ
B1＝α
εε+α
T1ΔT (7)，
In formula: Δ λ
B1For the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that bearing temperature changes; ε is strain variation; α
εGa(u)ge factor for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; α
T1Temperature control coefficient for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
The center wavelength variation of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is expressed from the next:
Δλ
B2＝α
T2ΔT (8)，
In formula: Δ λ
B2For the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that bearing temperature changes; α
T2Temperature control coefficient for fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
Make Ψ=α
T1/ α
T2, can obtain the strain variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
ε＝(Δλ
B1-ΨΔλ
B2)/α
ε (9)，
Test macro adopts empty minute/wavelength-division multiplex sensing network of fiber grating, carries out distributed measurement, can in internal combustion engine working process, monitor simultaneously strain and the temperature variation of each main bearing inside surface.
Claims (5)
1. based on the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and the temperature monitoring method of fiber grating, it is characterized in that:
1) at main bearing inside surface to be measured, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is set and, for the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of temperature compensation, obtains the strain variation of inside surface in the main bearing course of work to be measured:
The center wavelength variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, by temperature and the common generation of strain, can be expressed from the next:
Δλ
B1＝α
εε+α
T1ΔT (1)，
In formula: Δ λ
B1For the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that bearing temperature changes; ε is strain variation; α
εGa(u)ge factor for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; α
T1Temperature control coefficient for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor;
The center wavelength variation of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is expressed from the next:
Δλ
B2＝α
T2ΔT (2)，
In formula: Δ λ
B2For the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that bearing temperature changes; α
T2Temperature control coefficient for fiber-optical grating temperature sensor;
Make Ψ=α
T1/ α
T2, can obtain the strain variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
ε＝(Δλ
B1-ΨΔλ
B2)/α
ε (3)，
By all directions at bearing, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is set, can obtains bearing in the strain variation that this side up;
2) in internal combustion engine scrap machine oil pipe, oil temperature sensor is set, obtains the oil temperature data:
Oil temperature sensor is fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, its wavelength variations Δ λ under the temperature variation effect
BMathematic(al) representation:
Δλ
B＝α
TΔT (4)，
In formula: Δ λ
BFor the oil temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is the temperature variation of machine oil in internal combustion engine working process; α
TTemperature control coefficient for the oil pipe temperature sensor;
Utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to obtain the oil temperature sensor center wavelength variation, and be converted into electric signal, can calculate the temperature variation of machine oil in internal combustion engine working process.
2. the inside surface of the internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber grating according to claim 1 strain and temperature monitoring method, it is characterized in that: at main bearing inside surface to be measured, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor are set, concrete grammar is:
Main bearing inside surface to be measured is provided with axial groove and circumferential slot, wherein an end of axial groove is connected with oblique slot, oblique slot is smoothly connected by one section deep-slotted chip breaker and circumferential slot, in axial groove, is fixed with 1 fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, in circumferential slot, equidistantly is fixed with 2-4 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is connected by optical fiber with fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and optical fiber is drawn with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and is connected with the intersection of axial groove at oblique slot.
3. the inside surface of the internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber grating according to claim 2 strain and temperature monitoring method is characterized in that: the angle between described oblique slot and axial groove is 45 degree.
4. according to the claim 2 or 3 described inside surface of internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber grating strain and temperature monitoring method, it is characterized in that: described axial groove, circumferential slot, deep-slotted chip breaker and oblique slot cross section are the V font, groove width is 1mm, and groove depth is 0.5mm.
5. the inside surface of the internal combustion engine main bearing based on fiber grating according to claim 4 strain and temperature monitoring method, it is characterized in that: the internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface is adhesively fixed by glue respectively for fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of temperature compensation, then adopts high temperature resistant lipid material that axial groove, circumferential slot, deep-slotted chip breaker and oblique slot are filled and led up.
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| CN112525532A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Three-row roller type turntable bearing health monitoring device based on fiber bragg grating |
| CN112880581A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-01 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Cylinder sleeve deformation amount measuring method and device |
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