CN203365029U - Internal combustion engine main bearing internal surface strain and temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine main bearing internal surface strain and temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN203365029U CN203365029U CN201320376905.XU CN201320376905U CN203365029U CN 203365029 U CN203365029 U CN 203365029U CN 201320376905 U CN201320376905 U CN 201320376905U CN 203365029 U CN203365029 U CN 203365029U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an internal combustion engine main bearing internal surface strain and temperature monitoring system based on a fiber grating. The monitoring system comprises a fiber grating sensing device, a fiber grating demodulation instrument and a controller which are sequentially connected, wherein the fiber grating sensing device comprises at least one set of a main bearing sensor set and a machine oil temperature sensor, each main bearing sensor set comprises a fiber grating temperature sensor and a fiber grating strain sensor which are respectively fixed in a groove of an internal wall of a main bearing to be detected, one main bearing sensor set corresponds to one main bearing to be detected, the machine oil temperature sensor is fixed in an internal combustion engine waste machine oil pipe, and the machine oil temperature sensor is connected with the fiber grating demodulation instrument through a fiber. The monitoring system employs characteristics of simultaneous measurement on strain and temperature, small volume and one-line multiple-point property of the fiber grating, can monitor temperature and strain at a surface of the main bearing in a work process of an internal combustion engine and provides accurate data support for structure design optimization.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to field of internal combustion engine, is specifically related to a kind of strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating.
Background technology
In I. C. engine crankshaft system, the effect of main bearing is supporting crankshaft, guarantees the axis of operation of bent axle, make bent axle in rotation with little friction and wear transferring power.In internal combustion engine working process, main bearing is subject to the effect from gas force and the inertial force of bent axle, and rotates due to crankshaft journal the friction force effect produced in main bearing, so the load that main bearing is bearing is very large.In addition, the speed of related movement between main bearing working surface and axle journal working surface is very high, also makes bearing heating except causing bearing wear; Machine oil oxidation deterioration in use, corroded bearing.Therefore, the condition of work of internal combustion engine main bearing is more severe.
In order to guarantee the internal combustion engine normal operation, must make the internal combustion engine bearing inside surface keep good lubricating status, it is very important that the structure of combustion motor bearing is optimized design.Wherein, very important key point is machine oil groove design wherein, comprises the position of offering of oilhole, the determining etc. of the oil groove degree of depth and width dimensions parameter.Temperature and the Strain Distribution situation of understanding exactly main bearing surface in internal combustion engine working process are to determine the important evidence of these parameters.But, because the structure space at this position is limit, also lack the temperature on main bearing surface and the direct Monitoring Data of Strain Distribution situation at present, definite result that mainly still depends on experience and numerical analysis of above-mentioned parameter.
The utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is: a kind of strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating is provided, utilize the sensing technology of fiber grating, carry out the monitoring of temperature and the Strain Distribution situation on main bearing surface in internal combustion engine working process, for the Optimal Structure Designing of internal combustion engine main bearing provides Data support accurately.
The utility model is to solve the problems of the technologies described above taked technical scheme to be: the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating is characterized in that: it comprises fiber bragg grating sensing device, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and the controller connected in turn; Wherein fiber bragg grating sensing device comprises at least 1 group main bearing sensor group and oil temperature sensor;
Main bearing sensor group comprises fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, be separately fixed in the groove of main bearing inwall to be measured, and 1 group of main bearing sensor group is corresponding to 1 main bearing to be measured; Main bearing inwall to be measured is provided with axial groove and circumferential slot, wherein an end of axial groove is connected with oblique slot, oblique slot is smoothly connected by one section deep-slotted chip breaker and circumferential slot, is fixed with 1 fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in axial groove, equidistantly is fixed with 2-4 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in circumferential slot; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is connected by optical fiber with fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and optical fiber is drawn with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and is connected with the intersection of axial groove at oblique slot;
Oil temperature sensor is fixed in internal combustion engine scrap machine oil pipe, and oil temperature sensor is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator by optical fiber.
Press such scheme, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator comprises wideband light source, coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch, tunable optic filter, photodetector and data acquisition module, wherein wideband light source is connected with array of photoswitch by coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch is connected with described fiber bragg grating sensing device, tunable optic filter is connected light signal is sampled with coupling mechanism, photodetector is connected and transfers the light signal of sampling to electric signal with tunable optic filter, and data acquisition module is connected electrical signal collection is transferred to described controller with photodetector; The sample frequency of described tunable optic filter is controlled by described controller, and described array of photoswitch drives control by described controller by photoswitch.
Press such scheme, the angle between described oblique slot and axial groove is 45 degree.
Press such scheme, described axial groove, circumferential slot and oblique slot cross section are the V font, and groove width is 1mm, and groove depth is 0.5mm.
Press such scheme, described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor are adhesively fixed by glue respectively.
Principle of work of the present utility model is: adopt empty minute/wavelength-division multiplex sensing network of fiber grating, (FBG) demodulator sends wideband light source as the emitter of light, after reflecting by fiber grating, the light that wavelength meets coupled wave theory is reflected back (FBG) demodulator, (FBG) demodulator analytical wavelengths signal, and light signal is converted to the electric signal that controller can be identified, calculated by controller, thereby obtained temperature and the strain variation data of main bearing inside surface in internal combustion engine working process.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model utilized fiber grating can be simultaneously to the measurement of strain and temperature with and volume is small and the characteristic of a line multiple spot, realize the monitoring to temperature and the Strain Distribution situation on main bearing surface in internal combustion engine working process, for the Optimal Structure Designing of internal combustion engine main bearing provides Data support accurately.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is the utility model one embodiment.
Fig. 2 is internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface notching construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is fiber grating principle figure.
The layout dimensional drawing that Fig. 4 is fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
The layout dimensional drawing that Fig. 5 is fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
In figure: 1. main bearing to be measured, 2. axial groove, 3. circumferential slot, 4. deep-slotted chip breaker, 5. oblique slot, the 6. intersection of oblique slot and axial groove, 7. optical fiber.
Embodiment
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is the utility model one embodiment, it comprises fiber bragg grating sensing device, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and the controller (adopting computing machine in the present embodiment) connected in turn; Wherein fiber bragg grating sensing device comprises at least 1 group main bearing sensor group (being the n group in the present embodiment) and oil temperature sensor; Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator comprises wideband light source, coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch, tunable optic filter, photodetector and data acquisition module, wherein wideband light source is connected with array of photoswitch by coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch is connected with described fiber bragg grating sensing device, tunable optic filter is connected light signal is sampled with coupling mechanism, photodetector is connected and transfers the light signal of sampling to electric signal with tunable optic filter, and data acquisition module is connected electrical signal collection is transferred to described controller with photodetector; The sample frequency of described tunable optic filter is controlled by described controller, and described array of photoswitch drives control by described controller by photoswitch.
Main bearing sensor group comprises fiber-optical grating temperature sensor MBi and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor MBi1-MBi4 (i=1,2 ... n), be separately fixed in the groove of main bearing inwall to be measured, and 1 group of main bearing sensor group is corresponding to 1 main bearing to be measured.As shown in Figure 2, main bearing 1 inwall to be measured is provided with axial groove 2 and circumferential slot 3, wherein an end of axial groove 2 is connected with oblique slot 5, oblique slot 5 is smoothly connected by one section deep-slotted chip breaker 4 and circumferential slot 3, be fixed with 1 fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in axial groove 2, circumferential slot 3 is interior equidistantly is fixed with 2-4 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is connected by optical fiber with fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and optical fiber is drawn with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and is connected with the intersection 6 of axial groove at oblique slot; It is interior for measuring the oil temperature of internal combustion engine operation process that oil temperature sensor is fixed on internal combustion engine scrap machine oil pipe, and oil temperature sensor is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator by optical fiber.
In the present embodiment, the angle between oblique slot 5 and axial groove 2 is 45 degree, and axial groove 2, circumferential slot 3, deep-slotted chip breaker 4 and oblique slot 5 cross sections are the V font, and groove width is 1mm, and groove depth is 0.5mm.After fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor are adhesively fixed by high temperature resistant super glue respectively, axial groove 2, circumferential slot 3, deep-slotted chip breaker 4 and oblique slot 5 adopt high temperature resistant lipid material to fill and lead up again.The fiber-optic grating sensor wire jumper that is arranged in each main bearing inwall is fixed in the oil sump bottom by high-temp glue after drawing, and after concentrating, in oil sump scrap machine oil pipe, draws.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the length of axial groove is L to the layout dimensional drawing of main bearing sensor group, and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is the sensor that armouring is good, is positioned at the center of axial groove, and optical fiber 7 is drawn from an end of axial groove; Every 0.6R in axial groove (radius that R is main bearing to be measured) arranges 1 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is naked grating, length is 10mm, the length of deep-slotted chip breaker is 0.2R, the length of oblique slot is 0.4R, in the present embodiment, also be provided with 1 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in oblique slot.
Optical fiber is fibre-optic abbreviation, is a kind of Medium Wave Guide that is operated in light-wave band.Fibre Optical Sensor is the variations such as light wave intensity by Optical Fiber Transmission, frequency, phase place, polarization state, the variation that records wavelength, thus obtain by the size of the physical quantitys such as the temperature of geodesic structure, strain.
Fibre Optical Sensor is comprised of fibre core, covering and coat, and the principal ingredient of fibre core and covering is silicon dioxide.Core diameter is generally 5-50 μ m, and cladding diameter is 125 μ m.The principal ingredient of coat is generally the macromolecular materials such as epoxy resin, silicon rubber, and diameter is generally 250 μ m.
Fibre Optical Sensor is comprised of three links: reception and the processing of the conversion of signal, the transmission of signal, signal.Wherein, the conversion links of signal is to convert measured signal to be convenient to transmission light signal, the transmission link of signal is to utilize fibre-optic characteristic that the light signal of conversion is transmitted, the reception of signal and processing links are to send into metering circuit from fibre-optic signal, by metering circuit, are processed and are exported.
The Fiber Bragg Grating FBG adopted in the utility model is that its refractive index is usually 10 by changing fiber cores district refractive index, producing little periodic modulation and form
-5-10
-3between, its principle is as shown in Figure 3.Because the index disturbance in cycle only can exert an influence to very narrow a bit of spectrum, therefore, if when the broadband light wave transmits in grating, incident light will be reflected back at corresponding wavelength, remaining transmitted light is unaffected, and fiber grating has just played the selection effect of light wave like this.This class utilizes the grating of tuning wavelength reflection to be called as Bragg grating, and the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and the mathematical relation of effective refractive index are the bases of Fibre Optical Sensor.From Maxwell's Classical Equation, in conjunction with the coupling fiber theory of modules, utilize the orthogonality relation of fiber grating transmission mode, obtain the basic representation of Bragg grating reflection wavelength:
λ＝2n
effΛ (1)，
Wherein, the wavelength of λ for being reflected back by fiber grating, n
efffor the effective refractive index of fibre core, Λ is the grating cycle, can be adjusted by the relative angle that changes two relevant ultraviolet light beams, and produce by this method the Bragg grating of different reflection wavelengths.Change the variation of the centre wavelength that all can cause reflection when the external world measured causes optical fiber grating temperature, strain, the variation that is to say fiber grating reflected light centre wavelength has reflected the situation of change of extraneous measured signal (main bearing surface strain, temperature).
The fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of armouring is by adopting metal material to be protected sensitive element grating wherein, making it only be subject to the impact of temperature.Collection to oil temperature is to utilize the wavelength variations Δ λ of oil temperature sensor under the temperature variation effect
b, its mathematic(al) representation:
Δλ
B＝α
TΔT (2)，
In formula: Δ λ
bfor the oil temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that in oil pipe, oil temperature changes; α
ttemperature control coefficient for oil temperature sensor.
Data acquisition to the strain of main bearing inside surface is the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor that utilizes bearing inner surface, considers the variation of temperature simultaneously, adopts the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of bearing inner surface to carry out temperature compensation to fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
The center wavelength variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, by temperature and the common generation of strain, can be expressed from the next:
Δλ
B1＝α
εε+α
T1ΔT (3)，
In formula: Δ λ
b1for the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that bearing temperature changes; ε is strain variation; α
εga(u)ge factor for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; α
t1temperature control coefficient for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
The center wavelength variation of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is expressed from the next:
Δλ
B2＝α
T2ΔT (4)，
In formula: Δ λ
b2for the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor center wavelength variation; Δ T is that bearing temperature changes; α
t2temperature control coefficient for fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
Make Ψ=α
t1/ α
t2, can obtain the strain variation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
ε＝(Δλ
B1-ΨΔλ
B2)/α
ε (5)，
Test macro adopts empty minute/wavelength-division multiplex sensing network of fiber grating, carries out distributed measurement, can in internal combustion engine working process, monitor strain and the temperature variations of each main bearing inside surface simultaneously.
Claims (5)
1. the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and the temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating is characterized in that: it comprises fiber bragg grating sensing device, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and the controller connected in turn; Wherein fiber bragg grating sensing device comprises at least 1 group main bearing sensor group and oil temperature sensor;
Main bearing sensor group comprises fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, be separately fixed in the groove of main bearing inwall to be measured, and 1 group of main bearing sensor group is corresponding to 1 main bearing to be measured; Main bearing inwall to be measured is provided with axial groove and circumferential slot, wherein an end of axial groove is connected with oblique slot, oblique slot is smoothly connected by one section deep-slotted chip breaker and circumferential slot, is fixed with 1 fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in axial groove, equidistantly is fixed with 2-4 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in circumferential slot; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is connected by optical fiber with fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and optical fiber is drawn with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and is connected with the intersection of axial groove at oblique slot;
Oil temperature sensor is fixed in internal combustion engine scrap machine oil pipe, and oil temperature sensor is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator by optical fiber.
2. the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and the temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator comprises wideband light source, coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch, tunable optic filter, photodetector and data acquisition module, wherein wideband light source is connected with array of photoswitch by coupling mechanism, array of photoswitch is connected with described fiber bragg grating sensing device, tunable optic filter is connected light signal is sampled with coupling mechanism, photodetector is connected and transfers the light signal of sampling to electric signal with tunable optic filter, data acquisition module is connected electrical signal collection is transferred to described controller with photodetector, the sample frequency of described tunable optic filter is controlled by described controller, and described array of photoswitch drives control by described controller by photoswitch.
3. the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and the temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the angle between described oblique slot and axial groove is 45 degree.
4. the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and the temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described axial groove, circumferential slot and oblique slot cross section are the V font, and groove width is 1mm, and groove depth is 0.5mm.
5. the strain of internal combustion engine main bearing inside surface and the temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor are adhesively fixed by glue respectively.
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| CN108645549A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-12 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Distributed fiber grating Rocket tank cylinder section stress measurement system |
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