CN112880581A - Cylinder sleeve deformation amount measuring method and device - Google Patents
Cylinder sleeve deformation amount measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112880581A CN112880581A CN202110054806.9A CN202110054806A CN112880581A CN 112880581 A CN112880581 A CN 112880581A CN 202110054806 A CN202110054806 A CN 202110054806A CN 112880581 A CN112880581 A CN 112880581A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
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- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cylinder sleeve deformation measurement and discloses a cylinder sleeve deformation measurement method and device. The method is applied to detecting deformation of a cylinder sleeve in the running process of an engine, and comprises the following steps: transmitting light waves to each first optical fiber under a set working condition operation state, and receiving the light waves reflected by each first fiber bragg grating sensor; the center wavelength of the reflected light wave is demodulated; determining a first offset according to a difference value between a first central wavelength of the reflected light wave and an initial central wavelength; determining the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the first offset and the strain; determining the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor; and fitting a contour curve of the cylinder sleeve at the corresponding set position according to the set position of the first fiber bragg grating sensor on the first optical fiber and the curvature. The embodiment realizes the detection of the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve in the running process of the engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cylinder sleeve deformation measurement, in particular to a cylinder sleeve deformation measurement method and device.
Background
The piston-piston ring-cylinder sleeve system is one of the most core matching pairs of an engine, the excellent performance of the matching pair directly determines the performance of the engine, the deformation of the cylinder sleeve is the most important boundary in the performance of four matching pairs, the deformation of the cylinder sleeve is overlarge, the air leakage of a piston and the oil consumption performance of the engine are rapidly deteriorated, and the problem still cannot be solved by adjusting the parameters of the piston and the piston ring, so that the accurate and effective control of the deformation of the cylinder sleeve has important significance for realizing the design work of the engine.
In actual operation of the engine, due to combustion in cylinders under different working conditions and different strokes, the deformation of the cylinder sleeve is changed in real time under the coupling action of constantly changing mechanical load and thermal load, and the effective measurement of the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve changing in real time can really feed back the boundaries of the cylinder sleeve under different working conditions, so that a reliable basis is provided for four-matched design.
The traditional cylinder sleeve deformation measurement is generally to measure and evaluate the cylinder sleeve before assembly and after disassembly and inspection, and is the cold-state deformation of the cylinder sleeve, which only reflects the assembly deformation of an engine and the plastic deformation of a tested cylinder hole and the cylinder sleeve and cannot reflect the cylinder sleeve deformation in the actual operation of the engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cylinder sleeve deformation amount measuring method and device, which are used for solving the problem that the thermal state deformation amount of a cylinder sleeve cannot be measured in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cylinder liner deformation amount measuring method, which is applied to detecting deformation of a cylinder liner in an engine operation process, wherein a plurality of first optical fibers are arranged on a surface of the cylinder liner, each first optical fiber is wound along a circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder liner, a plurality of first fiber grating sensors are arranged on each optical fiber at intervals, and each first fiber grating sensor is fixed relative to the cylinder liner;
the measuring method comprises the following steps: the engine transmits light waves to each first optical fiber and receives the light waves reflected by each first fiber bragg grating sensor in a set working condition operation state; demodulating the central wavelength of the reflected light wave as a first central wavelength;
for each first fiber grating sensor, determining a first offset according to a difference value between a first central wavelength of the reflected light wave and an initial central wavelength; determining the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the first offset and the strain; determining the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor;
and for each first optical fiber, fitting a contour curve of the cylinder sleeve at a set position corresponding to the first optical fiber according to the setting positions and curvatures of the first fiber bragg grating sensors.
In the embodiment, on the basis of the measurement principle and the advantages of the fiber bragg grating sensor, the on-line real-time measurement of the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve is realized, so that the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve in the actual operation of the engine can be reflected, a real boundary is provided for the technical research on the oil consumption, the air leakage of the piston and the like, and the blank that the actual deformation of the cylinder sleeve cannot be reflected by the cold deformation is filled.
Optionally, the corresponding relationship between the first offset and the strain specifically includes:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BIs the initial center wavelength; delta lambdaB1Is a first offset; delta lambdaB2The calibrated second offset value;
delta epsilon is the grating length variation; peIs the optical fiber grating elastic-optical coefficient;
the second offset is obtained by:
calibrating under the same working condition, so that each first optical fiber is wound at the set position along the circumferential direction, and when each first optical fiber grating sensor is in a free state relative to the cylinder sleeve, the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by each first optical fiber grating sensor is used as a second central wavelength; and determining a second offset according to the difference value of the second central wavelength and the initial central wavelength of the reflected light wave.
Optionally, determining the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor according to the correspondence between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor specifically includes:
equally dividing the first optical fiber into a plurality of sections of circular arcs according to the number of the first fiber grating sensors, wherein the center position of each section of circular arc corresponds to one first fiber grating sensor;
determining the deformation rate according to the ratio of the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor to the initial length;
determining the length of the deformed circular arc according to the deformation rate and the initial length of the circular arc;
and calculating the corresponding curvature according to the length of the deformed circular arc.
Optionally, the surface of the cylinder sleeve is further provided with a plurality of second optical fibers, each second optical fiber is fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of second fiber grating sensors are arranged on each second optical fiber at intervals;
the measurement method further comprises: the engine transmits light waves to each second optical fiber under a set working condition, receives the light waves reflected by each second fiber bragg grating sensor and demodulates the central wavelength of the reflected light waves;
determining an offset according to a difference value between the central wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial central wavelength for each second fiber bragg grating sensor; determining the length variation of the second fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the offset and the strain;
and for each second optical fiber, determining the uniform degree of deformation of the cylinder sleeve along the length direction of the second optical fiber according to the length variation of the plurality of second fiber bragg grating sensors.
Optionally, the set position includes a top dead center position of the surface of the cylinder liner corresponding to a ring of the piston.
Optionally, the set position includes a top dead center position of the cylinder liner surface corresponding to the piston oil ring.
Optionally, each first optical fiber is wound along the circumferential direction and fixed to a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, specifically:
and grooves are respectively arranged at the set positions, so that each first optical fiber is embedded in the corresponding groove.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a cylinder liner deformation amount measuring device, which is applied to detecting deformation of a cylinder liner in an engine operation process, and includes:
the measuring module comprises a plurality of first optical fibers, each first optical fiber is wound along the circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, a plurality of first fiber grating sensors are arranged on each first optical fiber at intervals, and each first fiber grating sensor is fixed relative to the cylinder sleeve;
the fiber bragg grating demodulation module is connected with each first optical fiber and used for transmitting light waves to each first optical fiber and receiving the light waves reflected by each first fiber bragg grating sensor when the engine runs under a set working condition; demodulating the central wavelength of the reflected light wave as a first central wavelength;
the processing module is used for determining a first offset according to a difference value between a first central wavelength and an initial central wavelength of the reflected light wave aiming at each first fiber grating sensor; determining the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the first offset and the strain; determining the radius corresponding to the circumference of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the length variation and the initial length of the first fiber bragg grating sensor;
and the fitting module is used for fitting a contour curve of the cylinder sleeve at a set position corresponding to the first optical fiber according to the equivalent positions of the first fiber bragg grating sensors and the radius corresponding to the circumference where the first fiber bragg grating sensors are located.
In the embodiment, on the basis of the measurement principle and the advantages of the fiber bragg grating sensor, the on-line real-time measurement of the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve is realized, so that the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve in the actual operation of the engine can be reflected, a real boundary is provided for the technical research on the oil consumption, the air leakage of the piston and the like, and the blank that the actual deformation of the cylinder sleeve cannot be reflected by the cold deformation is filled.
Optionally, the corresponding relationship between the first offset and the strain specifically includes:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BIs the initial center wavelength; delta lambdaB1Is a first offset; delta lambdaB2The calibrated second offset value;
delta epsilon is the grating length variation; peIs the optical fiber grating elastic-optical coefficient;
the second offset is obtained by:
calibrating under the same working condition, so that each first optical fiber is wound at the set position along the circumferential direction, and when each first optical fiber grating sensor is in a free state relative to the cylinder sleeve, the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by each first optical fiber grating sensor is used as a second central wavelength; and determining a second offset according to the difference value of the second central wavelength and the initial central wavelength of the reflected light wave.
Optionally, the processing module determines the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor according to a corresponding relationship between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor, and specifically includes:
equally dividing the first optical fiber into a plurality of sections of circular arcs according to the number of the first fiber grating sensors, wherein the center position of each section of circular arc corresponds to one first fiber grating sensor;
determining the deformation rate according to the ratio of the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor to the initial length;
determining the length of the deformed circular arc according to the deformation rate and the initial length of the circular arc;
and calculating the corresponding radius according to the length of the deformed arc.
Optionally, the measurement module further includes a plurality of second optical fibers disposed along the surface of the cylinder sleeve, each second optical fiber is fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of second fiber grating sensors are disposed on each second optical fiber at intervals;
the fiber grating demodulation module is connected with each second optical fiber and is further used for transmitting light waves to each second optical fiber when the engine runs under a set working condition, receiving the light waves reflected by each second fiber grating sensor and demodulating the central wavelength of the reflected light waves;
the processing module is further configured to determine, for each second fiber grating sensor, an offset according to a difference between the center wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial center wavelength; determining the length variation of the second fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the offset and the strain; and for each second optical fiber, determining the uniform degree of deformation of the cylinder sleeve along the length direction of the second optical fiber according to the length variation of the plurality of second fiber bragg grating sensors.
Optionally, the set position includes a top dead center position of the surface of the cylinder liner corresponding to a ring of the piston.
Optionally, the set position includes a top dead center position of the cylinder liner surface corresponding to the piston oil ring.
Optionally, grooves are respectively formed in the surface of the cylinder sleeve at the set positions, and each first optical fiber is embedded in the corresponding groove.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fiber grating sensor disposed on a surface of a cylinder liner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view A-A of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-cylinder sleeve
20-optical fiber 21-core
22-cladding 23-grating
20 a-first optical fiber 20 b-second optical fiber
23 a-first fiber grating sensor
23 b-second fiber grating sensor
100-measuring module 200-light grating demodulation module
300-processing Module 400-fitting Module
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a cylinder sleeve deformation amount measuring method and device, which are used for solving the problem that the thermal state deformation amount of a cylinder sleeve cannot be measured in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 1, the measurement method is applied to detecting deformation of a cylinder liner during operation of an engine, wherein a plurality of first optical fibers 20a are arranged along the surface of the cylinder liner 10, each first optical fiber 20a is wound along the circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder liner 10, a plurality of first fiber grating sensors 23a are arranged on each first optical fiber 20a at intervals, and each first fiber grating sensor 23a is fixed relative to the cylinder liner 10;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
s101, the engine emits light waves to each first optical fiber 20a and receives the light waves reflected by each first fiber grating sensor 23a in a set working condition operation state; the center wavelength of the reflected light wave is demodulated and is used as a first center wavelength;
s102, determining a first offset for each first fiber grating sensor 23a according to a difference value between a first central wavelength of the reflected light wave and an initial central wavelength; determining the length variation of the first fiber grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relationship between the first offset and the strain;
s103, determining the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relation between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor 23 a;
and S104, fitting the contour curve of the cylinder sleeve 10 at the set position corresponding to each first optical fiber 20a according to the set positions of the first fiber bragg grating sensors 23a on the first optical fibers 20a and the curvature for each first optical fiber 20 a.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber 20 is composed of a fiber core 21 and a cladding 22, the fiber grating sensor is a grating 23 with a refractive index period distribution written by ultraviolet rays at a specific position of the fiber core 21, and if a broad spectrum light wave is emitted into the optical fiber 20, the light wave with a specific wavelength (bragg wavelength) is reflected when passing through the fiber grating sensor, and light waves with other wavelengths are transmitted.
The central wavelength of the light wave reflected back by the fiber grating sensor meets the Bragg condition:
λB＝2neffΛ (1-1)
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BIs the Bragg wavelength; n iseffIs the effective refractive index; and Λ is the grating period (pitch).
Central wavelength lambda of light wave reflected back by fiber grating sensorBWith the grating period Λ, the effective refractive index n of the core 21effIn this regard, the application of an external force or temperature change at the grating 23 results in the grating period Λ and the effective refractive index n of the core 21effChanges occur, and therefore, when the temperature of the measured object changes or has strain changes, the fiber grating transmission is causedThe central wavelength of the light waves reflected back by the sensor changes.
Based on the principle, the fiber grating sensor can be arranged on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, and the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve 10 in the actual operation process of the engine is reflected through the change of the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by the fiber grating sensor, so that the online measurement of the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve 10 is realized, a real boundary is provided for the technical research of engine oil consumption, piston air leakage and the like, the blank that the actual deformation of the cylinder sleeve 10 cannot be reflected by the conventional cold deformation is filled, and guidance is provided for the design of the engine.
Specifically, each first optical fiber 20a is wound and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder jacket 10 along the circumferential direction, and if the bottom of the cylinder jacket 10 is taken as a reference, each first optical fiber 20a is arranged at different heights of the cylinder jacket 10, and each first optical fiber 20a is fixedly connected with the cylinder jacket 10, so that the first optical fibers 20a can be correspondingly changed along with the thermal deformation of the cylinder jacket 10.
Optionally, each first optical fiber 20a is wound along the circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder casing 10, specifically:
the grooves are respectively arranged at the set positions of the cylinder sleeve 10, so that each first optical fiber 20a is embedded in the corresponding groove, and thus, the first optical fibers 20a can be correspondingly changed along with the thermal deformation of the cylinder sleeve 10.
In the measuring method, a plurality of first fiber grating sensors 23a are arranged on each first optical fiber 20a by adopting a wavelength division multiplexing technology, the first fiber grating sensors 23a are gratings 23 with refractive index period distribution manufactured at specific positions of the first optical fibers 20a, and each first fiber grating sensor 23a has different bragg wavelength.
The wavelength division multiplexing is a technique of combining optical carrier signals of two or more different wavelengths together at a transmitting section via a multiplexer, and coupling the combined optical carrier signals to the same optical fiber 20 of the optical fiber 20 for transmission, and in colloquial, is a technique of simultaneously transmitting optical signals of two or more different wavelengths in the same optical fiber 20.
In step S101, in the actual operation process of the engine, a light wave is emitted to each first optical fiber 20a, and a light wave reflected by each first fiber grating sensor 23a is received; the center wavelength of the reflected light wave is demodulated and used as the first center wavelength.
Wherein, as the engine runs, the cylinder liner 10 will be thermally deformed, and each first fiber grating sensor 23a will also be affected by the temperature of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 and the strain of the cylinder liner, so that the center wavelength of the light wave reflected by the first fiber grating sensor 23a will also be shifted from the initial center wavelength.
In step S102: for each first fiber grating sensor 23a, determining a first offset according to a difference between a first center wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial center wavelength; determining the length variation of the first fiber grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relationship between the first offset and the strain;
the "initial central wavelength" refers to the measured central wavelength of the light wave reflected by each first fiber grating sensor 23a when the first optical fiber 20a is wound at a set position on the surface of the cylinder liner 10 in the non-running state of the engine.
In the actual detection process, the first fiber grating sensor 23a is fixed relative to the cylinder liner 10, and the first fiber grating sensor 23a is affected by the temperature of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 and the strain of the cylinder liner, so that the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by the first fiber grating sensor 23a is shifted from the initial central wavelength; in order to study the change of the first fiber grating sensor 23a only affected by the strain, the offset of the center wavelength of the light wave reflected by the first fiber grating sensor 23a from the initial center wavelength when the first fiber grating sensor 23a is only affected by the temperature of the surface of the cylinder jacket 10 can be calibrated and recorded as the second offset.
The second shift amount of the wavelength of the reflected wave due to the temperature change described above may be used as a constant when determining the amount of length change of the first fiber grating sensor 23a based on the first shift amount in the actual detection process.
The length change amount of the first fiber grating sensor 23a thus obtained is the change amount that occurs only with the surface deformation of the cylinder liner 10, excluding the influence of the temperature of the cylinder liner 10 on the length change thereof.
In step S103, determining the curvature of each first fiber grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relation between the length variation and the curvature of each first fiber grating sensor 23 a;
because the first fiber grating sensor 23a is arranged on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor 23a at any position is consistent with the curvature of the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, and the radius corresponding to the circumference where the first fiber grating sensor 23a is located, which is calculated according to the geometric relationship, is the radius of the cylinder sleeve 10 at the position of the first fiber grating sensor 23 a.
In step S104, for each of the first optical fibers 20a, a profile curve of the cylinder 10 at a set position corresponding to each of the first optical fibers 20a is fitted according to the set positions and curvatures of the plurality of first fiber grating sensors 23 a.
As shown in fig. 3, the first optical fibers 20a are arranged along the circumferential direction of the surface of the cylinder jacket 10, and the greater the number of the first fiber grating sensors 23a arranged on each optical fiber 20, the more accurate the contour curve of the cylinder jacket 10 at the corresponding position is fitted.
Further, in step S102, the corresponding relationship between the first offset amount and the strain specifically includes:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BIs the initial center wavelength; delta lambdaB1Is a first offset; delta lambdaB2The calibrated second offset value;
delta epsilon is the grating length variation; peIs the optical fiber grating elastic-optical coefficient;
the second offset is obtained by:
calibrating under the same working condition, so that each first optical fiber 20a is wound at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10 along the circumferential direction, and when each first fiber grating sensor 23a is in a free state relative to the cylinder sleeve 10, the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by each first fiber grating sensor 23a is used as a second central wavelength; and determining a second offset according to the difference between the second central wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial central wavelength.
Specifically, at a corresponding set position, one end of each first optical fiber 20a is fixed on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, and the other end is a free end, so that each first fiber grating sensor 23a can move relative to the cylinder sleeve 10 along the circumference along with the deformation of the cylinder sleeve 10;
under the same working condition, transmitting light waves to each first optical fiber 20a and receiving the light waves reflected by each first fiber bragg grating sensor 23 a; the center wavelength of the reflected light wave is demodulated and taken as a second center wavelength;
for each first fiber grating sensor 23a, a second offset is determined according to a difference between a second center wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial center wavelength.
The principle of the method is as follows: when the first fiber grating sensor 23a is calibrated to be affected only by the temperature of the surface of the cylinder jacket 10, the offset of the center wavelength of the light wave reflected by the first fiber grating sensor 23a with respect to the initial center wavelength is used as a constant in the actual detection process.
Specifically, one end of the first optical fiber 20a is fixed on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, and the other end is a free end, so that when the cylinder sleeve 10 deforms, each first fiber grating sensor 23a may not deform along with the deformation of the cylinder sleeve 10, and thus, the first fiber grating sensor 23a will only be affected by the temperature of the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, but not by the strain, and at this time, the central wavelength of the light wave reflected back by the first fiber grating sensor 23a is the central wavelength of the light wave reflected back when the first fiber grating sensor 23a is affected by the temperature.
In an actual detection state, the first optical fiber 20a is integrally fixed on the surface of the cylinder liner 10, after the cylinder liner 10 is thermally deformed, the first fiber grating sensor 23a deforms along with the deformation of the cylinder liner 10, and the first fiber grating sensor 23a is simultaneously influenced by temperature and strain, at this time, the first central wavelength of the light wave reflected back by the first fiber grating sensor 23a is the central wavelength of the light wave reflected back when the first fiber grating sensor 23a is jointly influenced by the temperature of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 and the strain of the cylinder liner 10.
The above process can be inferred by the following formula:
the relationship between the center wavelength of the fiber grating and the temperature and strain is as follows:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BThe central wavelength of the light wave reflected back by the fiber grating sensor in the initial state is shown;
ΔλBunder a set working condition, the offset of the central wavelength of the light wave reflected back by the fiber grating sensor is set;
delta epsilon is the grating length variation;
delta T grating temperature variation;
αfis a fiber grating thermal expansion system;
xi is a thermo-optical system of the fiber bragg grating;
Peis a fiber grating photospot system.
When the engine operates under the set working condition and the first fiber grating sensor 23a detects in a free state relative to the cylinder sleeve 10, the corresponding deformation of the formula is as follows:
when the engine operates under the set working condition and the first fiber grating sensor 23a is detected in a fixed state relative to the cylinder sleeve 10, the corresponding deformation of the formula is as follows:
in the three states, the working conditions of the engine operation are the same, so the delta T1＝ΔT2In conjunction withThe formula (1-3) and the formula (1-4) give:
the further modification is that:
further, in step S103, determining the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relationship between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor 23a specifically includes:
equally dividing the first optical fiber 20a into a plurality of sections of circular arcs according to the number of the first fiber grating sensors 23a, wherein the center position of each section of circular arc corresponds to one first fiber grating sensor 23 a;
determining the deformation rate according to the ratio of the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor 23a to the initial length;
determining the length of the deformed arc according to the deformation rate and the initial length of the arc;
and calculating the corresponding curvature according to the length of the deformed arc.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the first optical fiber 20a is equally divided into a plurality of circular arcs according to the number of the first fiber grating sensors 23a, and the center of each circular arc corresponds to one first fiber grating sensor 23 a; for example, the number of the first fiber grating sensors 23a is 8, the 8 first fiber grating sensors 23a are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the first optical fiber 20a is equally divided into 8 segments of circular arcs, and the center of each segment of circular arcs is provided with one first fiber grating sensor 23 a. The number of the first fiber grating sensors 23a may also be 16 or other numbers, and is specifically set according to the requirement.
Determining the deformation rate according to the ratio of the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor 23a to the initial length; since the first fiber grating sensor 23a is a grating written on the first optical fiber 20a, the deformation rate of the first fiber grating sensor 23a is equivalent to the deformation rate of the arc where the first fiber grating sensor 23a is located, and then the arc length after the arc deformation is calculated according to the original length of the arc and the deformation rate of the arc, and further the radius corresponding to the deformed arc is calculated according to the geometric relationship and is recorded as the radius corresponding to the circumference where the first fiber grating sensor 23a is located.
The above process can be inferred by the following formula:
deformation ratio of the first fiber grating sensor 23a
Wherein, Δ L1Is the length variation, L, of the first FBG sensor 23a1The initial length of the first fiber grating sensor 23 a.
Aiming at the circular arc between M points and N points on the circumference, the original length of the circular arc
Where r is the initial radius of the cylinder jacket 10 and n is the number of first fiber grating sensors 23 a.
The deformed length of the arc
The radius r' corresponding to the deformed arc is (1+ η) r.
Besides, when the first fiber grating sensor 23a is disposed on the surface of a plurality of objects with known curvatures, the measured length variation of the first fiber grating sensor 23a can be calibrated, so as to obtain the corresponding relationship between the length variation of the first fiber grating sensor 23a and the curvatures.
Optionally, the measurement method further includes:
a plurality of second optical fibers 20b are arranged along the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, each second optical fiber 20b is fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10 along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve 10, and a plurality of second fiber bragg grating sensors 23b are arranged on each second optical fiber 20b at intervals;
transmitting light waves to each second optical fiber 20b, receiving the light waves reflected back by each second fiber grating sensor 23b, and demodulating the central wavelength of the reflected light waves;
for each second fiber grating sensor 23b, determining an offset according to a difference between the central wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial central wavelength; determining the length variation of the second fiber grating sensor 23b according to the corresponding relationship between the offset of the central wavelength and the strain;
for each second optical fiber 20b, the uniform degree of deformation of the cylinder jacket 10 along the length direction of the second optical fiber 20b is determined according to the length variation of the second fiber bragg grating sensors 23 b.
As shown in fig. 3, the second optical fibers 20b are arranged along the axis of the cylinder casing 10, and the method for calculating the length variation of each second fiber grating sensor 23b may be the same as that of the first fiber grating sensor 23a, and thus, the description thereof will not be repeated.
If the cylinder sleeve 10 is uniformly deformed in the axial direction, the second fiber grating sensor 23b is less affected by strain; if the cylinder liner 10 is deformed unevenly in the axial direction, the second fiber grating sensor 23b is greatly affected by strain.
Optionally, in step S101, the set position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 includes a top dead center position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 corresponding to a ring of pistons.
The deformation degree of the cylinder sleeve 10 at the position influences the sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve 10 and a piston ring, and the good sealing performance can reduce the air leakage of the piston.
Alternatively, the set position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 includes a top dead center position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 corresponding to the oil ring of the piston.
The degree of deformation of the cylinder liner 10 at this location affects the sealing of the cylinder liner 10 with the oil ring of the piston, and good sealing can reduce oil consumption.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a cylinder liner deformation measuring device, which is used for detecting deformation of a cylinder liner during operation of an engine, and as shown in fig. 5, the device includes:
the measurement module 100 comprises a plurality of first optical fibers 20a, each first optical fiber 20a is wound along the circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, a plurality of first fiber grating sensors 23a are arranged on each first optical fiber 20a at intervals, and each first fiber grating sensor 23a is fixed relative to the cylinder sleeve 10;
the fiber grating demodulation module 200 is connected with each first optical fiber 20a, and is used for transmitting light waves to each first optical fiber 20a and receiving the light waves reflected by each first fiber grating sensor 23a when the engine runs under a set working condition; the center wavelength of the reflected light wave is demodulated and is used as a first center wavelength;
the processing module 300 is configured to determine, for each first fiber grating sensor 23a, a first offset according to a difference between a first center wavelength of the reflected light wave and an initial center wavelength; determining the length variation of the first fiber grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relationship between the first offset and the strain; determining the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relationship between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor 23 a;
the fitting module 400 fits, for each of the first optical fibers 20a, a profile curve of the cylinder jacket 10 at a set position corresponding to the first optical fiber 20a according to the set positions of the plurality of first fiber bragg grating sensors 23a and the curvature.
In the above embodiment, the fiber grating sensor is arranged on the surface of the cylinder liner 10, and the thermal deformation of the cylinder liner 10 in the actual operation process of the engine is reflected by the change of the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by the fiber grating sensor, so that the online measurement of the thermal deformation of the cylinder liner 10 is realized, a real boundary is provided for the technical researches such as engine oil consumption and piston air leakage, the blank that the actual deformation of the cylinder liner 10 cannot be reflected by the previous cold deformation is filled, and guidance is provided for the design of the engine.
Optionally, the corresponding relationship between the first offset and the strain specifically includes:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BIs the initial center wavelength; delta lambdaB1Is a first offset; delta lambdaB2The calibrated second offset value;
has a value ofA grating length variation; peIs the optical fiber grating elastic-optical coefficient;
the second offset is obtained by:
calibrating under the same working condition, so that each first optical fiber is wound at a set position along the circumferential direction, and when each first fiber grating sensor is in a free state relative to the cylinder sleeve, the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by each first fiber grating sensor is used as a second central wavelength; and determining a second offset according to the difference between the second central wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial central wavelength.
Specifically, at a corresponding set position, one end of each first optical fiber 20a is fixed on the surface of the cylinder sleeve 10, and the other end is a free end, so that each first fiber grating sensor 23a can move relative to the cylinder sleeve 10 along the circumference along with the deformation of the cylinder sleeve 10;
under the same working condition, transmitting light waves to each first optical fiber 20a and receiving the light waves reflected by each first fiber bragg grating sensor 23 a; the center wavelength of the reflected light wave is demodulated and is used as a second center wavelength;
for each first fiber grating sensor 23a, a second offset is determined according to a difference between a second center wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial center wavelength.
Optionally, the processing module 300 determines the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor 23a according to the corresponding relationship between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor 23a, and specifically includes:
equally dividing the first optical fiber 20a into a plurality of sections of circular arcs according to the number of the first fiber grating sensors 23a, wherein the center position of each section of circular arc corresponds to one first fiber grating sensor 23 a;
determining the deformation rate according to the ratio of the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor 23a to the initial length;
determining the length of the deformed arc according to the deformation rate and the initial length of the arc;
and calculating the corresponding radius according to the length of the deformed arc.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the measurement module 100 further includes a plurality of second optical fibers 20b disposed along the surface of the cylinder casing 10, each second optical fiber 20b is fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder casing 10 along the axial direction of the cylinder casing 10, and a plurality of second fiber grating sensors 23b are disposed on each second optical fiber 20b at intervals;
the fiber grating demodulation module 200 is connected to each second optical fiber, and is further configured to transmit a light wave to each second optical fiber 20b when the engine operates in a set working condition, receive the light wave reflected back by each second fiber grating sensor 23b, and demodulate a center wavelength of the reflected light wave;
the processing module 300 is further configured to determine, for each second fiber grating sensor 23b, an offset according to a difference between the center wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial center wavelength; determining the length variation of the second fiber bragg grating sensor 23b according to the corresponding relation between the offset and the strain; for each second optical fiber 20b, the uniform degree of deformation of the cylinder jacket 10 along the length direction of the second optical fiber 20b is determined according to the length variation of the plurality of second fiber bragg grating sensors 23 b.
The number of the second optical fibers 20b and the second fiber grating sensors 23b is not limited, and may be specifically set as needed.
Alternatively, the fitting module 400 may implement spatial modeling of the cylinder liner 10 based on the acquired data to visually discern the degree of deformation of the cylinder liner 10.
In addition, the measuring device also comprises a display module to display a spatial model of the cylinder liner 10.
Specifically, the set position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 includes a top dead center position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 corresponding to a ring of the piston.
The deformation degree of the cylinder sleeve 10 at the position influences the sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve 10 and a piston ring, and the good sealing performance can reduce the air leakage of the piston.
Besides, the set position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 may further include a top dead center position of the surface of the cylinder liner 10 corresponding to the piston oil ring.
The degree of deformation of the cylinder liner 10 at this location affects the sealing of the cylinder liner 10 with the oil ring of the piston, and good sealing can reduce oil consumption.
Optionally, grooves are respectively formed on the surface of the cylinder casing 10 at set positions, and each first optical fiber 20a is embedded in the corresponding groove.
It can be seen from the above description that in the embodiment of the present invention, the fiber grating sensor is disposed on the surface of the cylinder liner, and the change of the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by the fiber grating sensor reflects the thermal deformation of the cylinder liner in the actual operation process of the engine, so that the online measurement of the thermal deformation of the cylinder liner is realized, a real boundary is provided for the technical researches on oil consumption, piston air leakage and the like, the blank that the previous cold deformation cannot reflect the actual deformation of the cylinder liner is filled, and guidance is provided for the design of the engine.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (14)
1. A cylinder sleeve deformation amount measuring method is characterized by being applied to detecting the deformation of a cylinder sleeve in the running process of an engine, wherein the surface of the cylinder sleeve is provided with a plurality of first optical fibers, each first optical fiber is wound along the circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, a plurality of first fiber grating sensors are arranged on each optical fiber at intervals, and each first fiber grating sensor is fixed relative to the cylinder sleeve;
the measuring method comprises the following steps: the engine transmits light waves to each first optical fiber and receives the light waves reflected by each first fiber bragg grating sensor in a set working condition operation state; demodulating the central wavelength of the reflected light wave as a first central wavelength;
for each first fiber grating sensor, determining a first offset according to a difference value between a first central wavelength of the reflected light wave and an initial central wavelength; determining the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the first offset and the strain; determining the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor;
and for each first optical fiber, fitting a contour curve of the cylinder sleeve at a set position corresponding to the first optical fiber according to the setting positions and curvatures of the first fiber bragg grating sensors.
2. The cylinder liner deformation amount measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the correspondence relationship between the first offset amount and the strain is specifically:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BIs the initial center wavelength; delta lambdaB1Is a first offset; delta lambdaB2The calibrated second offset value;
delta epsilon is the grating length variation; peIs the optical fiber grating elastic-optical coefficient;
the second offset is obtained by:
calibrating under the same working condition, so that each first optical fiber is wound at the set position along the circumferential direction, and when each first optical fiber grating sensor is in a free state relative to the cylinder sleeve, the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by each first optical fiber grating sensor is used as a second central wavelength; and determining a second offset according to the difference value of the second central wavelength and the initial central wavelength of the reflected light wave.
3. The cylinder liner deformation amount measuring method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the determining of the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor according to the correspondence between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor specifically comprises:
equally dividing the first optical fiber into a plurality of sections of circular arcs according to the number of the first fiber grating sensors, wherein the center position of each section of circular arc corresponds to one first fiber grating sensor;
determining the deformation rate according to the ratio of the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor to the initial length;
determining the length of the deformed circular arc according to the deformation rate and the initial length of the circular arc;
and calculating the corresponding curvature according to the length of the deformed circular arc.
4. The cylinder liner deformation measuring method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of second optical fibers are further arranged on the surface of the cylinder liner, each second optical fiber is fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder liner along the axial direction of the cylinder liner, and a plurality of second fiber grating sensors are arranged on each second optical fiber at intervals;
the measurement method further comprises: the engine transmits light waves to each second optical fiber under a set working condition, receives the light waves reflected by each second fiber bragg grating sensor and demodulates the central wavelength of the reflected light waves;
determining an offset according to a difference value between the central wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial central wavelength for each second fiber bragg grating sensor; determining the length variation of the second fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the offset and the strain;
and for each second optical fiber, determining the uniform degree of deformation of the cylinder sleeve along the length direction of the second optical fiber according to the length variation of the plurality of second fiber bragg grating sensors.
5. The cylinder liner deformation amount measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the set position includes a top dead center position of the cylinder liner surface corresponding to a ring of the piston.
6. The cylinder liner deformation amount measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the set position includes a top dead center position of the cylinder liner surface corresponding to a piston oil ring.
7. The cylinder liner deformation amount measuring method according to claim 1, wherein each first optical fiber is wound in a circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder liner, specifically:
and grooves are respectively arranged at the set positions, so that each first optical fiber is embedded in the corresponding groove.
8. A cylinder liner deformation measuring device, which is applied to detecting the deformation of a cylinder liner in the running process of an engine, comprises:
the measuring module comprises a plurality of first optical fibers, each first optical fiber is wound along the circumferential direction and fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, a plurality of first fiber grating sensors are arranged on each first optical fiber at intervals, and each first fiber grating sensor is fixed relative to the cylinder sleeve;
the fiber bragg grating demodulation module is connected with each first optical fiber and used for transmitting light waves to each first optical fiber and receiving the light waves reflected by each first fiber bragg grating sensor when the engine runs under a set working condition; demodulating the central wavelength of the reflected light wave as a first central wavelength;
the processing module is used for determining a first offset according to a difference value between a first central wavelength of the reflected light wave and an initial central wavelength for each first fiber grating sensor; determining the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the first offset and the strain; determining the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the length variation and the curvature of the first fiber bragg grating sensor;
and the fitting module is used for fitting a contour curve of the cylinder sleeve at the set position corresponding to the first optical fiber according to the set positions and the curvatures of the plurality of first fiber bragg grating sensors for each first optical fiber.
9. The cylinder liner deformation measuring device according to claim 8, wherein the correspondence between the first offset amount and the strain is specifically:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BIs the initial center wavelength; delta lambdaB1Is a first offset; delta lambdaB2The calibrated second offset value;
delta epsilon is the grating length variation; peIs the optical fiber grating elastic-optical coefficient;
the second offset is obtained by:
calibrating under the same working condition, so that each first optical fiber is wound at the set position along the circumferential direction, and when each first optical fiber grating sensor is in a free state relative to the cylinder sleeve, the central wavelength of the light wave reflected by each first optical fiber grating sensor is used as a second central wavelength; and determining a second offset according to the difference value of the second central wavelength and the initial central wavelength of the reflected light wave.
10. The cylinder liner deformation measuring device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the processing module determines the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor according to a corresponding relationship between a length variation and the curvature of the first fiber grating sensor, and specifically includes:
equally dividing the first optical fiber into a plurality of sections of circular arcs according to the number of the first fiber grating sensors, wherein the center position of each section of circular arc corresponds to one first fiber grating sensor;
determining the deformation rate according to the ratio of the length variation of the first fiber bragg grating sensor to the initial length;
determining the length of the deformed circular arc according to the deformation rate and the initial length of the circular arc;
and calculating the corresponding radius according to the length of the deformed arc.
11. The cylinder liner deformation measuring device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the measuring module further comprises a plurality of second optical fibers arranged along the surface of the cylinder liner, each second optical fiber is fixed at a set position on the surface of the cylinder liner along the axial direction of the cylinder liner, and a plurality of second fiber grating sensors are arranged on each second optical fiber at intervals;
the fiber grating demodulation module is connected with each second optical fiber and is further used for transmitting light waves to each second optical fiber when the engine runs under a set working condition, receiving the light waves reflected by each second fiber grating sensor and demodulating the central wavelength of the reflected light waves;
the processing module is further configured to determine, for each second fiber grating sensor, an offset according to a difference between the center wavelength of the reflected light wave and the initial center wavelength; determining the length variation of the second fiber bragg grating sensor according to the corresponding relation between the offset and the strain; and for each second optical fiber, determining the uniform degree of deformation of the cylinder sleeve along the length direction of the second optical fiber according to the length variation of the plurality of second fiber bragg grating sensors.
12. The cylinder liner deformation measuring device of claim 8, wherein the set position comprises a top dead center position of the surface of the cylinder liner with respect to a ring of pistons.
13. The cylinder liner deformation measuring device of claim 8, wherein said set position comprises a top dead center position of said cylinder liner surface corresponding to a piston oil ring.
14. The cylinder liner deformation measuring device according to claim 8, wherein grooves are respectively provided on the surface of the cylinder liner at the set positions, and each of the first optical fibers is embedded in the corresponding groove.
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