CN105849364A - Bottom hole assembly fiber optic shape sensing - Google Patents
Bottom hole assembly fiber optic shape sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105849364A CN105849364A CN201380080219.0A CN201380080219A CN105849364A CN 105849364 A CN105849364 A CN 105849364A CN 201380080219 A CN201380080219 A CN 201380080219A CN 105849364 A CN105849364 A CN 105849364A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000985 reflectance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ga].[As].[In] Chemical compound [Ga].[As].[In] KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/007—Measuring stresses in a pipe string or casing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
Abstract
One or more of these thermomechanical properties of an underground formation can be monitored using a monitoring system. An example monitoring system includes a signal processing module, a visualization module, a signal source module, a signal detection module, and one or more optical fibers. Each fiber includes one or more sensors. The signal source module emits an optical signal into one or more optical fibers. The one or more sensors along the fiber interact with the optical signal, and alter the optical signal in response to one or more detected thermomechanical properties. The resulting optical signal is detected by the signal detection module. Based on the detected optical signal, the signal processing module determines the one or more thermomechanical properties that were detected by the sensors. An operator can view and monitor the detected thermomechanical properties using the visualization module.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to well structure, and more particularly, to monitoring the characteristic of downhole tool during the structure of well.
Background technology
Well is generally used for entering the underground region of the earth and obtaining material from these regions, such as the next from ground
During putting location and extracting petroleum hydrocarbon.The structure of well generally includes probing boring and builds pipeline configuration in described boring.
When completing, pipeline configuration enters underground position, and allows material is sent to ground.
Various instruments use during well constructs routinely, and the system of monitoring can be used for assessment tool in use complete
Whole property.Such as, the drill string with bottom hole assembly (BHA) can be used for probing boring, and the system of monitoring can be used for during drilling
Monitor the parameter relevant to the integrity of BHA, in order to guarantee that BHA is when bearing extreme environmental conditions (such as, high temperature and/or high pressure)
Time do not break down.These monitoring systems allow operator to be maintained in safe operating limits by downhole tool.
Accompanying drawing is sketched
Fig. 1 illustrates the example system for drilling boring.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of exemplary monitoring system.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the example fiber with Bragg grating.
Fig. 4 illustrates the interference of light caused due to the reflection in example fiber.
Fig. 5 A-D illustrates the different views of exemplary BHA and optical fiber.
Fig. 6 illustrates another exemplary BHA and optical fiber.
Fig. 7 A-C illustrates the different views of exemplary coupler member.
Fig. 8 A illustrates exemplary drill collar.
Fig. 8 B-C illustrates the exemplary arrangement of drill collar and coupler member.
In the various figures, the element that similar reference marks instruction is similar.
Detailed description of the invention
Well structure generally includes probing boring and builds pipeline configuration in described boring.Such as, as it is shown in figure 1, grasp
Work person can use measurement while drilling (MWD) or well logging during (LWD) system 100 to drill boring 102.System 100 includes that ground is controlled
Unit 110 processed and drill string 120.
Drill string 120 includes the bottom hole assembly (BHA) 122 along its underpart, and at BHA122 and terrestrial contr 110
Between extend drilling rod 128.
BHA 122 is for allowing drilling rod 120 to drill by surrounding medium 130, and provides necessary for performing drilling operation
Mechanical force and structure support parts.BHA 122 includes one or more parts to provide this functional.Such as, BHA
122 include one or more drill bit 124.Drill bit 124 is positioned at the end of BHA 122, and includes one or more removable
Drill elements.During operation, drill bit 124 pulverized by bang or the rotary motion of its drill elements, scraping or cutting
Surrounding medium 130.
BHA 122 also includes one or more drill collar 126.Drill collar 126 is positioned between drill bit 124 and drilling rod 128, and
Miscellaneous part for drill bit 124 and BHA 122 provides structure to support.Drill collar 126 is generally of tubular form, and allows from brill
Bar 128 is to the fluid passage by inner passage of drill bit 124.Drill collar 126 also applies weight on drill bit 124, and passes through
Its weight provides drill bit 124 to be effectively drilled in surrounding medium 130 required downward force.
BHA 122 may also include the miscellaneous part of the operation supporting drill string 120.Such as, BHA 122 can include one or many
Individual motor (not shown) is to operate drill bit and/or to make circulation of drilling fluid.
BHA 122 is connected to ground by drilling rod 128.Drilling rod 128 provides at BHA 122 and terrestrial contr
Transmission electric power, fluid and/or the conduit of signal of communication between 110, and also offer is raised by its terrestrial contr 100,
Reduce and rotate the connection of BHA 122.Using terrestrial contr 110, operator can be along three-dimensional path (such as, variable ground auger
Visit vertical line, horizontal line or be in intermediate angle relative to ground) guide BHA 122, thus create boring 102.
During drilling process, the parts of system 100 are typically subjected to harsh environment condition, such as power, pressure, temperature and
Other outside stressor.When the parts of system 100 are exposed to these stressor, this may result in part temperatures and becomes
Change, component shape changes (such as, due to pressure and/or the distortion to shape of heating) and/or by answering that these parts experience
Change, stress or pressure change.In an example, surrounding medium 130 can by physical force apply to BHA 122, this can increase by
The strain of BHA 122 experience or stress.In another example, surrounding medium 130 can be hotter than BHA 122 or colder
, and may result in BHA 122 heating or cooling when it crosses surrounding medium 130.In another example, surrounding medium
Physical force can be applied to BHA 122 by 130, and this may result in BHA 122 and deforms.Owing to BHA 122 extremely strains in experience, answers
When power, pressure and temperature, or BHA 122 is when experiencing the extreme variation of shape, and BHA 122 can be compromised, and operator uses prison
Examining system monitors BHA thermo-mechanical property during operation (strain, stress and the pressure that such as, BHA 112 experience, BHA
Shape or the temperature of BHA), in order to BHA 122 is maintained in safe operating limits.These operating limits are generally defined in
Its lower BHA 122 can safety operation, in order to avoid infringement or the condition destroyed.In general, operating limit different BHA it
Between can be different, and can the theory α coefficient limit based on specific BHA determine, or can based on the performance information previously obtained come with
Experience is to determine mainly.In some embodiments, safe operating limits is one or more for set up in thermo-mechanical property
Threshold value, such as, limit maximum and/or the minimum guard value of each thermo-mechanical property.Optic-fiber monitoring system can be used to monitor
One or more in these thermo-mechanical properties of BHA 122, thus allowed operator to stop before more than the nuisance threshold of BHA
Stop or the operation of amendment BHA 122.Fig. 2 schematically shows example fiber monitoring system 200.Monitoring system 200 includes letter
Number processing module 202, visualization model 212, signal source module 204, signal detection module 206 and one or more optical fiber
208.Every optical fiber 208 includes one or more sensor 210.Signal source module 204 produces optical signal, and is believed by described light
Number launch in one or more optical fiber 208.Mutual with optical signal along one or more sensors 210 of optical fiber 208, and base
Thermo-mechanical property in sensor 210 changes optical signal.The optical signals signal detection module 206 of gained detects.Based on detection
The optical signal arrived, signal processing module 202 determines the information of the one or more thermo-mechanical properties about sensor 210.Use
Visualization model 212 shows this information to operator.
When optical fiber 208 is positioned against BHA 122, so that optical fiber 208 meets the shape of BHA 122 and bears and BHA
During the environmental stress sexual stimulus that 122 are similar to, monitoring system 200 provides the estimation of the thermo-mechanical property for BHA 122.Therefore,
Operator can use monitoring system 200 observe during the operation of drill string 120 and monitor the thermo-mechanical property about BHA 122
Information.
Signal source module 204 produces light and regulates described light to produce optical signal.Signal source module 204 is coupled to light
Fine 208, so the optical signal launch produced is in optical fiber 208.Signal source module can produce the optical signal of Single wavelength, or it can produce
The raw optical signal being made up of more than one wavelength.Such as, in some implementations, include can be at one for signal source module 204
One or more optical transmitting sets of the spectrum of optical signal are produced in wave-length coverage.In some implementations, optical transmitting set can produce
The optical signal of the message transmission rate that green tape changes.In some implementations, signal source module 204 and signal processing module
202 communicate, and the operation of signal source module 204 can be controlled by signal processing module 202.
Signal source module 204 includes optical transmitting set to produce optical signal.Exemplary light emitter includes semiconductor device,
Such as light emitting diode (LED) and laser diode.In some implementations, optical transmitting set includes partly by phosphatization
The LED that arsenic gallium indium or GaAs are made.
Signal detection module 206 detects the optical signal guided by optical fiber 208, and allows system 200 to explain optical signal.Letter
Number detection module can detect over a wavelength range and optical signal in a message transmission rate scope.Real at some
In existing mode, signal source module 204 communicates with signal processing module 202, and the information gathered by signal detection module 206 can
Explained by signal processing module 202.
Signal detection module 206 includes optical receiver.Optical receiver uses photoelectric effect to convert the light to electricity, and allows
Electrical system detection and explanation optical signal.Exemplary light receptor includes photodetector or other optical-electrical converters.At some
In implementation, photodetector includes the photodiode based on quasiconductor being partly made up of indium gallium arsenide.
In some implementations, the function of signal source module 204 and signal detection module 206 can be in conjunction with.Such as, transmitting-receiving
Device can be used for the optical signal detecting function knot of the optical signal transmission function of signal source module 204 with signal detector module 206
Close.In an example, transceiver includes optical transmitting set and optical receiver.Optical transmitting set and optical receiver can share general portion
Part, such as universal circuit or general shell.
In some implementations, monitoring system 200 can measure BHA's 122 before, during or after drilling process
One or more thermo-mechanical properties.Such as, monitoring system 200 can monitor during drilling operation experienced by BHA 122 pressure,
Stress or strain, the shape of BHA 122 or the temperature of BHA 122.In some implementations, monitoring system can in real time or the most real
Time gather about the one or more information in these characteristics, and to operator (such as, use terrestrial contr 110
Operator) show this information, so that operator can monitor the operation of drill string 120 continuously.In some implementations,
Monitoring system can retain information so that can check described information in later time.
In some implementations, monitoring system 200 can determine that the spatial information relevant to thermo-mechanical property.That is, monitoring
System 200 can measure thermo-mechanical property, and determines described measurement position, direction and/or orientation relative to drill string 120.Example
As, monitoring system 200 can measure the local train experienced by BHA 122, and can identify the experience institute on BHA 122 further
Whether the orientation of the position and strain measurement of stating local train (such as, strains from the top being positioned at BHA 122, BHA
Upper, sensor measurement that BHA 122 side is first-class bottom 122).
In some implementations, monitoring system 200 can monitor the shape of one or more parts of drill string 120.Such as,
Monitoring system 200 can detect BHA 122 (such as, one or more drill collars 126) and/or the shape of drilling rod 128.This allows operation
Member observes shape and the relative orientation of the parts of drill string 120 so that operator can determine that the parts of drill string 120 are the most as expected
Location and layout.This also allows for operator and determines whether one or more parts are bending or flexing during drilling operation,
And whether drill string 120 is may damage or to bend or flexing in the way of disabling drill string 120 to allow operator to determine.With this
Mode, operator can use monitoring system 200 to guide the operation of drill string 120 safely.
Visualization model 212 shows the information about monitoring system 200 by operator interface to operator.The letter of display
Breath can include one or more thermo-mechanical properties, feature (such as, the prison of monitoring system 200 such as measured by monitoring system 200
One or more mode of operation in examining system 200 and/or its parts or the operating parameter of monitoring system 200) or be
Other information that the operation of system 200 is correlated with.Information can be displayed as text message, graphical information or text message and image
The combination of information.Such as, operator interface (such as, can push away in time with form (such as, the form of thermo-mechanical property), chart
The chart of the thermo-mechanical property moved) or image is (such as, it is shown that about the figure of the positional information of one or more thermo-mechanical properties
As or the image of shape of parts of drill string is shown) form display information.
In some implementations, when the characteristic measured crosses over specific threshold (for example, as it is known that secure threshold), signal
Processing module 202 sends a signal to alert operator to operator interface.Such as, if the characteristic measured does not crosses over threshold value,
Signal processing module 202 sends suitable signal to operator interface, and operator interface provides the positive safety operation of BHA 122
Instruction.If the characteristic measured is close to crossing over threshold value, signal processing module 202 sends suitable signal to operator interface,
And operator interface provides BHA 122 just close to the instruction of its safety margins.If the characteristic measured crosses over threshold value, at signal
Reason module 202 sends suitable signal to operator interface, and operator interface provides BHA 122 to exceed its safety margins
Instruction.Such as, if the measured shape of BHA 122 crosses over specific threshold (such as, if its curvature exceedes specific song
Rate threshold value), signal processing module 202 sends signal to operator interface, and operator interface provides the shape of BHA 122
Through exceeding the instruction of its safety margins.
In some implementations, signal processing module 202 provides suggestion, described suggestion to assist to operator interface will
BHA 122 is maintained in safe operating limits.Such as, if the characteristic measured is close to crossing over secure threshold, signal processing mould
Block 202 to operator interface provide about how to avoid dangerous operation suggestion (such as, retraction drill string 120, stop or slowing down
The otherwise suggestion of the operation of drilling operation or change drill string 120).If the characteristic measured crosses over secure threshold, signal
Processing module 202 provides about the suggestion how avoiding further dangerous operation to operator interface.These suggestions can be to
User shows and is used for checking.
Signal processing module 202 and operator interface can be based on the measured values or based on multiple measured values obtained recently
Historical trend provides safety instruction and suggestion.In an example, in some implementations, when signal processing module 202
When determining characteristic just the speed that it is taken under threshold value to be declined in special time period, signal processing module 202 and operation
Operator interfaces provides BHA 122 just returning the instruction of safe operating limits, and provides the suggestion continuing current operation.At another
In example, if signal processing module 202 determines characteristic just the speed exceeding threshold value to be risen in special time period, letter
Number processing module 202 and operator interface provide BHA 122 instruction just operated in dangerous mode, and provide stopping current
The suggestion of operation.
In some implementations, when exceeding secure threshold, system can (the most i.e., not from operator the most additionally
Input) close or the other operation revising BHA.
Visualization model 212 can include the one or more display devices for representing information to operator, such as state
Indicator (such as, illumination so that the light of instruction information), or video display units, such as flat faced display (such as, liquid crystal display
(LCD) monitor).In some implementations, visualization model 212 is positioned at ground control system 110 so that operator can
The information about monitoring system 200 is observed during the operation of drill string 120.
Monitoring system 200 can detect thermo-mechanical property in every way.Such as, sensor 210 can be to may be provided in edge
Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) sensor of the measurement at one or more discrete points of optical fiber 208.See Fig. 3, exemplary
FGB sensor 210 includes multiple Bragg grating 302, and it is along single-mode optical fiber 208 (i.e. transmitting the optical fiber of single light)
Length positioned with the cycle (i.e. the wavelength of FBG).λ
In some implementations, optical fiber 208 includes less inner core (such as, a diameter of about 4 to 9 μm) and has relatively
The exterior section (i.e. covering) of major diameter (such as, a diameter of about 125 μm).Inner core such as can be by glass (SiO2) make, and
And there is the high index caused by high element doping (such as, Ge-doped).Refractive index between inner core and covering
Difference causes light only to be propagated at interior in-core.
Each Bragg grating 302 has a region with the refractive index of the refractive index being different from optical fiber 208,
And therefore, at the light of its striped (i.e. interface between grating 302 and optical fiber 208) place reflection specific bandwidth.For example, with reference to
Fig. 3, is had λ by what signal source module 204 was launchedaAnd λbThe light of wavelength be not reflected by, and guided to signal by optical fiber 208
Detection module 206.But, there is wavelength XcThe part of light returned signal source by the streak reflex of each Bragg grating 302
Module 204, a part for the most described light continues to reflex on signal detection module 206.Reflectance is (that is, by each Prague
The part of the light of grating fringe reflection) can be fairly small, such as between 0.001% and 0.1%.
Additionally, because each Bragg grating 302 reflects the light with different phase shifts, interfere occur and most instead
Penetrate light to be cancelled.But, the reflection with same phase shifts runs up to strong reflection peak value.This figure 4 illustrates.The top of Fig. 4 shows
Go out the optical fiber 208 with 10 striped Bragg gratings 402.Light enters from the left side of optical fiber 208.Hereinafter, exist with different ripples
Three long light beam 404a-c.Upper beam 404a accurately has the wavelength X of screen periods0, and all of single striped
Reflection is reflected by homophase, and therefore adds up to decuple the reflected energy level 406a of single streak reflex.Next light beam
406b has 10% higher frequency so that 11 photoperiod λ0+1There are 10 grid cycle λ0Length.All of single bar
Therefore stricture of vagina reflection has different phase places and counteracting, thus causes the reflected energy level 406b of 0.Similar neutralization effect is
Occurring in the case of low beam 404c, described light beam 404c has 10% lower frequency so that 9 photoperiod λ0-1Have 10
Individual grid cycle λ0Length, and cause the reflected energy level 406c of 0.
So, the reflected energy function of reflection bandwidth and gained depends on the wavelength X of FBG.This wavelength X depends on
The various thermo-mechanical properties experienced by optical fiber 208.Such as, strain relevant to wavelength X with temperature, according to below equation:
Wherein
Δ λ=wavelength shift,
λ0=fundamental wavelength starts,
K=1-p,
P=photoelasticity coefficient,
The k=coefficient of strain,
The variations in temperature that Δ T=measures with K,
αδThe change change of=refractive index,
In example implementations, photoelasticity coefficient p is 0.22, and coefficient of strain k is 0.78, and coefficient of refraction
Change αδFor
First expression formula (k* ε) of equation describes by power (εm) and temperature (εT) cause strain impact equation.Second
Expression formula (αδ* Δ T) change of glass refraction index n only caused by temperature is described.
It addition,
ε=εm+εT,
Wherein
εmThe strain that=machinery causes,
εTThe strain that=temperature causes,
εT=αsp* Δ T,
αspEvery K coefficient of expansion of=sample.
This produces the below equation of behavior being described in the FBG under the influence of strain and temperature:
And
In the case of pure temperature sensor, Bragg grating does not produces stress.FBG Δ λ/λ0Signal is the most only
Change with temperature.In this case, α is thermal coefficient of expansion, and α is the thermal expansion α of optical fiberGlassCoefficient.
Or
Generation is for the equation of temperature survey FBGS:
The coefficient of expansion α of optical fiberGlassIt is low-down.Such as, in example implementations, αGlass=0.55*10-6/K。
Refractive index α that maximum impact is correlated with by temperatureδChange cause.When optical fiber is fixed to sample, FBG signal
Δλ/λ0Strain (ε with samplem+εT) and change, and therefore thermal coefficient of expansion is followed by αspAnd it not αGlass.Therefore,
Generation is for the equation of strain measurement FBG:
When FBG is not having mechanical strain (εm=0), when being fixed to sample on region, it is as temperature-compensating
FBG works.Its signal calculates according to below equation:
So, FGB sensor can use the measurement of relation above sensor signal based on reflection to determine along optical fiber
Discrete point at strain and the information of temperature.Based on this information, may further determine that about along the stress at the discrete point of optical fiber
Additional information.Such as, for the material with known strain-stress relation, the information about stress can be as measured
The function of strain is determined.
In some implementations, the light of one or more wavelength is directed through optical fiber 208, and FGB sensor
Can be the most mutual with the light of each wavelength.In some implementations, the optical signal including the spectrum of light is conducted through light
Fine 208, and analyze reflectance spectrum to measure multiple FBG signal simultaneously.Can such as use interferometer to analyze reflectance spectrum,
So as the wavelength separated spectrum according to its component light.
In some implementations, FBG can be used for determining the shape of optical fiber 208.Such as, in some implementations
In, optical fiber 208 includes that two or more spaced apart cores, the most each core include multiple sensor 210.As it has been described above, light
The sensor 210 of each core of fine 208 can be used for determining the strain information about optical fiber 208.If mounting core so that they
Being non-coplanar, when optical fiber 208 bends, each core is by strains different for experience.The difference of the strain between each core can
For determining the curvature along discrete point (along optical fiber), and can be used for determining the shape of optical fiber 208.By detection along many
The strain of individual non-co-planar core, it may be determined that multidimensional difference stain vector.Use this difference stain vector, it may be determined that about optical fiber 208
Curvature and the information of shape.In example implementations, with the optical fiber 208 of three non-co-planar cores can be used for determining about
The three-dimensional shape information of optical fiber 208.In some implementations, can replace using each with the single optical fiber 208 of multiple cores
A plurality of optical fiber 208 with single core.In some implementations, commercially available instrument can be used to implement shape sense
Survey, such as use the light distribution sensor interrogator of Luna Innovations Incorporated (Roanoke, VA), distribution
Formula sensing system or light back scattered reflections meter product line.
In some implementations, monitoring system 200 can determine that to measure in each relevant spatial information.That is,
Monitoring system 200 can measure thermo-mechanical property, and determines that described measurement relative to position, the direction of drill string 120 and/or is determined
To.This can implement in various manners.Such as, in some implementations, monitoring system 200 can provide from optical fiber 208
The measurement of discrete point.If it is known that the space of optical fiber 208 is arranged, monitoring system 200 can use this information to determine survey
The particular location in the source of amount and/or orientation.As an example, if it is known that optical fiber 208 is around BHA 122 screw winding, then come
Can specific relevant to along this helix from the measurement of the discrete point of optical fiber 208.This point can be used for determining that measurement is relative to brill
The position of post 120, direction and orientation.In some implementations, the measured shape that may be based partly on optical fiber 208 determines
Spatial information.
In some implementations, replacing FBG, monitoring system 200 can include other kinds of sensor 210,
Such as microbend sensor, interferometry sensor, polarimeter sensor or two or more different types of sensor groups
Close.Such as, sensor 210 can be microbend sensor.In example implementations, when optical fiber 208 bears small deformation (i.e.
" microbend ") time, the light in the inner core of optical fiber can exceed the critical angle of inner core.This cause energy inner core and cladding mode it
Between redistribution.The higher-order inner core die guided is attached to cladding mode, thus causes the light propagated in a fiber to reduce.
Such as by placing the deforming contact of optical fiber and series of periodic location, this mould can be obtained and couple.Accordingly, because light leaks into
In covering, microbend causes light intensity to reduce.By monitoring and the loss of associated light intensity, different types of microbend can be designed
Sensor, described microbend sensor can provide the measured value acting on power thereon.In some implementations, micro-end sensing
Device is easier to implement than other kinds of Fibre Optical Sensor, and can implement with lower cost potentially.
Optical fiber 208 and its sensor 210 can be positioned on one or more parts of system 100, in order to monitoring is by these
The thermo-mechanical property of parts experience.For example, with reference to Fig. 5 A, optical fiber 208 can be positioned on the drill collar 126 of BHA 122.Optical fiber 208
Can be wound around around drill collar 126 (such as with spiral pattern), so that when described optical fiber is along the length extension of drill collar 126, it encloses
Periphery around drill collar 126 winds continuously.This allows monitoring system 200 along the axial length continuous acquisition letter of drill collar 126
Breath, and in the continuous acquisition information in the radial direction around drill collar 126.Optical fiber 208 meets the shape and relatively of drill collar 126
Fix in passage, so that any deformation of drill collar 126 causes the corresponding deformation of optical fiber 208.
Optical fiber 208 can be positioned in passage 502, so that it is recessed from the neighboring of drill collar 126.This shows in figure 5b
Going out, described Fig. 5 B illustrates in greater detail the dashed region of Fig. 5 A.Similar optical fiber 208, passage 502 can prolong along the length of drill collar 126
Stretch, and can be spirally wound around drill collar 126.
In some implementations, optical fiber 208 is protected by covering 504.For example, with reference to Fig. 5 C-D, covering 504 is around passage
Optical fiber 208 in 502, protection optical fiber 208 avoids external environment influence, and guarantees that optical fiber 208 is fixed relative to drill collar 126.
Covering 504 can be added by any process adding hard material on optical fiber 208, such as welding or plasma transferred arc
(PTA) technology.
Optical fiber 208 can be connected to monitoring system 200 and the miscellaneous part of system 100 in every way.For example, with reference to Fig. 6,
Exemplary BHA 122 can include one or more drill collar 126, simultaneously optical fiber 208 be positioned along that the length of drill collar 126 extends logical
In road 502.Drill collar 126 is connected to source joint 602 on an axial end, and described source joint 602 accommodates the signal source of system 200
Module 204 (not shown).Source joint 602 is connected to drill collar 126 along the lower part of BHA 122, and in optical fiber 208 and signal source
Between module 204 provide junction point so that along optical fiber 208 length towards BHA 122 upper end guide by signal source mould
The optical signal that block 204 produces.
Signal detection module 206 can be positioned on the end relative with signal source module 204, such as at MWD/LWD drill collar 604
In, in another part of drill string 120, or on the ground (such as, at terrestrial contr 110).Signal source module 204
At the end relative with signal source module 204, it is connected to optical fiber 208, and can provide about optical signal at it through optical fiber 208
Time the information of reflex behavior.
Signal processing module 202 can be placed in various position, such as along drill string 120 or at ground (such as, on ground
At control unit 110).By one or more signal projectors, (such as, wired or wireless signal passes signal processing module 202
Defeated connection) it is connected to signal source module 204 and signal detection module 206.Signal processing module 202 control signal source module 204
With the operation of signal detection module 206, and process optical signal so as to determine about one or more characteristics and its along optical fiber 208
The position being associated or the information of orientation.
As shown in Figure 6, two or more parts (such as, BHA 122) of drill string 120 can be by coupler member 606
Connect.Coupler member 606 provides firmly connection between two adjacent components, and allows optical fiber 208 between the two elements
Pass through.Such as, MWD/LWD drill collar 604 can use coupler member 606a to be connected to drill collar 126a.In another example, can make
Two drill collar 126a-b are connected by coupler member 606b.In another example, coupler member 606c can be used to connect brill
Quickly 126b and source joint 602.In each in these examples, optical fiber 208 continues to pass through two parts connected.
Coupler member 606 illustrates in greater detail in Fig. 7 A-C.Coupler member 606 is generic tubular, and at one
Include protuberance 702 at axial end, and at another axial end, include groove 704.Protuberance 702 and groove 704 allow
Coupler member 606 is securely inserted into correspondingly in parts with respective slot or protuberance.Coupler member 606 includes two
Passage 706 and 708.Passage 706 is positioned at the axial centre of coupler member 606, and allows material in the portion of two interconnection
Flow between part.Such as, in some implementations, when coupler member 606b connects between two drill collar 126a-b, logical
Road 706 allows to flow between each in drill collar 126a-b of drilling fluid.Passage 708 is along the radial periphery of coupler member 606
Location, and allow optical fiber 208 to pass through between the parts of two interconnection.Such as, in some implementations, coupler member is worked as
When 606b connects between two drill collar 126a-b, passage 708 allows optical fiber 208 at the passage 502 of the first drill collar 126a and
Pass through between the passage 502 of two drill collar 126b.Coupler member 606 may also include one or more sleeve 710, one or many
Individual sleeve 710 can slide on the end of coupler member 606, in order to portion junction point being fixed on coupler member 606 with being connected
Between part.
For guarantee optical fiber 208 can between the part of two interconnection continuously across, one or more parts can include with
One or more parts of the external diameter reduced.Seeing Fig. 8 A, exemplary drill collar 126 includes with corresponding to coupler member 606
The end sections 802 of the protuberance 804 of groove 704.Drill collar 126 also includes part 806, and described part 806 is with relative to brill
The external diameter that quickly external diameter of the main extension 808 of 126 reduces.As shown in Figure 8 B, it is assembled to couple when the protuberance 804 of drill collar 126
Time in the groove 704 of component 606, part 806 is retained in the outside of coupler member 606.This part 806 allows optical fiber 208 smooth
Ground passes through the passage 708 of drill collar 606 from the passage 502 of drill collar 126, so that it can continuous warp between the two elements
Cross.As shown in Figure 8 C, coupler member 606 can use in this way so that by two parts (such as, two drill collar 126a-b) even
Be connected together so that optical fiber 208 connect parts in each between continuously across.
In some implementations, more than one optical fiber 208 can be used.Such as, drill collar 126 can include rolling up along its periphery
Around two or more optical fiber 208.Optical fiber can be oriented so that they are spaced each other at equal intervals and (such as, is oriented to make
They maintain constant distance each other along drill collar 126), or they can position with other layouts.Such as, in some realization sides
In formula, optical fiber 208 can be oriented so that, in one or more positions, optical fiber 208 ratio is in other positions one or more
Closer to each other.In some implementations, one or more optical fiber 208 bundles, so that they extend along portion
Length each near running parallel.
In some implementations, optical fiber 208 can position in different arrangements.Such as, in some implementations, optical fiber
208 can with change pitch wind so that it relative to other parts more frequently around some winds portions.At some
In implementation, replacing spiral pattern, optical fiber 208 can be oriented so that it is arranged essentially parallel to the axial length of drill collar 126
Run.In some implementations, optical fiber 208 can arbitrarily be arranged according to any other and position.In some implementations, light
Fine 208 can include two or more the combination in these layouts.Such as, in some implementations, optical fiber 208 can have
Part with constant helical pattern, the part with pattern parallel and band change the part of spiral pattern.
In some implementations, signal source module 204 can be placed in the identical of optical fiber 208 with signal detection module 206
On end rather than be placed in end opposite.Signal detection module 206 can include that interferometer is to analyze the light of the reflection wavelength of light
Spectrum, in order to determine one or more thermo-mechanical property.
Technology described above can be implemented in Fundamental Digital Circuit, or (is included at computer software, firmware or hardware
Structure disclosed in this specification and its structural equivalents) middle enforcement, or implement in the combination of one or more of which.
Such as, signal processing module 202 can include electronic processors, and described electronic processors can be used for locating reason signal detection mould
The optical signal of block 206 detection is to determine one or more thermo-mechanical property, as described above.In another example, electricity
Sub-processor can be used for control signal source module 204, signal detection module 206 and/or the operation of visualization model 212.
Term " electronic processors " includes device, equipment and the machine of all kinds for processing data, for example,
Combination including the multiple or above-mentioned each in programmable processor, computer, system on chip or above-mentioned each.Equipment can
To include special purpose logic circuitry, such as, FPGA (field programmable gate array) or ASIC (special IC).Except firmly
Part, equipment may also include by discussion computer program create perform environment code, such as, constitute processor firmware, agreement
One or more in storehouse, data base management system, operating system, cross-platform runtime environment, virtual machine or above-mentioned each
The code of combination.Equipment and execution environment can realize various different computation model infrastructure, such as network service, distribution
Formula calculates and grid computing infrastructure.
The processor being adapted for carrying out computer program includes general and special microprocessor, Yi Jiren by way of example
Any one or more processors of the digital computer of which kind of class.Generally, processor will be from read only memory or random access memory
Memorizer or both receive instruction and data.The basic original paper of computer be for according to instruction execution action processor and
For storing one or more storage arrangements of instruction and data.Generally, computer by also include for store data one
Individual or multiple mass storage devices (such as, disk, magneto-optic disk or CD), or be operatively coupled to receive from it number
According to or send data to itself or both.But, computer necessarily has such device.Additionally, computer can be embedded in separately
In one device, such as, mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), moveable audio or video player, game control
Platform, global positioning system (GPS) receptor or portable memory (such as, USB (universal serial bus) (USB) flash drive) etc.
Deng.The device being applicable to store computer program instructions and data includes the nonvolatile memory of form of ownership, medium and deposits
Reservoir device, includes semiconductor memory system (such as, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory device) by way of example；Disk
(such as, internal hard drive or moveable magnetic disc)；Magneto-optic disk；And CD ROM and DVD-ROM disk.Processor and memorizer can be by
Supplemented or be incorporated in.
In general, on the one hand, system includes that bottom hole assembly (BHA), described bottom hole assembly (BHA) include one or many
Individual drill collar and be connected to the drill bit of the one or more drill collar.System also includes the sensing system for monitoring BHA.Pass
Sensor system includes along one or more drill collar spiral windings and the optical fiber of one or more length of extension, is disposed to light
Signal is launched the signal source module to the optical fiber of one or more length, is arranged to detect by the light of one or more length
Signal processing module that the signal detection module of the fine optical signal guided from signal source module communicates with detection module, Yi Jiyu
The operator interface of signal processing module communication.Signal processing module is programmed to during the operation of system, based on detection
Optical signal determine when BHA is for drilling well, the thermomechanical about the multiple various locations on one or more drill collars is special
The metrical information of property.Signal processing module is also programmed to during the operation of system, when metrical information exceedes threshold value to
Operator interface sends signal.
Implementation in this respect can include one or more feature in following characteristics.Signal processing module can be entered one
Step programming, so that during the operation of system, provides suggestion based on metrical information and threshold value to operator interface.Thermo-mechanical property
It can be strain.Thermo-mechanical property can be temperature.Thermo-mechanical property can be pressure.Thermo-mechanical property can be the shape of BHA
Shape.BHA can include at least two drill collar being connected to each other by coupler, and wherein said coupler includes from the first end and second
Hold the tubular wall extended and passage between the first and second ends, and the optical fiber of wherein one or more length passes
Passage is to be extended across at least two drill collar and coupler continuously.The optical fiber of one or more length may be provided at along BHA spiral shell
In one or more passages that rotation ground extends.System may also include the protection covering being arranged in one or more passage.Signal
Source module can be positioned between one or more drill collar and drill bit.System may also include the visualization communicated with signal processing module
Module, wherein visualization model is programmed to during the operation of system show metrical information and the position corresponding to metrical information
The instruction put.
Generally, in one aspect of the method, the method for monitoring bottom hole assembly (BHA) includes guiding extremely around BHA optical signal
In the optical fiber of one or more length that one or more drill collars are spirally wound and extend along；Optical signals one or
Optical signal is detected after the fiber guides of multiple length；Optical signal based on detection determines when BHA is for drilling well, about one
The metrical information of the thermo-mechanical property of the multiple various locations on individual or multiple drill collar；And when metrical information exceedes threshold value
Signal is sent to operator interface.
Implementation in this respect can include one or more feature in following characteristics.Method may also include based on measurement
Information and threshold value provide a user with suggestion.Thermo-mechanical property can be strain.Thermo-mechanical property can be temperature.Thermo-mechanical property
Can be pressure.Thermo-mechanical property can be the shape of BHA.Method may also include display metrical information and corresponding to metrical information
The instruction of the position on BHA.
Generally, in one aspect of the method, the sensing system being used for monitoring bottom hole assembly (BHA) includes being adapted to edge
BHA is spirally wound and the optical fiber of one or more length of extending, is disposed to optical signal launch to one or more length
Degree optical fiber in signal source module, be arranged for receiving the light that the optical fiber by one or more length guides from signal source module
Signal processing module that the signal detection module of signal communicates with detection module and the operation communicated with signal processing module
Operator interfaces.Signal processing module is programmed to, during system operates, determine about the multiple various locations on BHA
The metrical information of thermo-mechanical property, and when metrical information exceedes threshold value, send signal to operator interface.
Implementation in this respect can include one or more feature in following characteristics.Signal processing module can be entered one
Step programming, so that during the operation of system, provides suggestion based on metrical information and threshold value to operator interface.Thermo-mechanical property
It can be strain.Thermo-mechanical property can be temperature.Thermo-mechanical property can be pressure.Thermo-mechanical property can be the shape of BHA
Shape.Signal source module can be positioned between drill collar and drill bit.System may also include the visualization mould communicated with signal processing module
Block, wherein visualization model be programmed to during the operation of system to show metrical information and corresponding to metrical information
The instruction of the position on BHA.System may also include the coupler of the Part II that the Part I of BHA is connected to BHA, wherein
Coupler includes the tubular wall that extends from the first end and the second end and passage between the first and second ends, and wherein
The optical fiber of one or more length is through passage to be extended across at least two drill collar and coupler continuously.
Have been described for multiple embodiment.Other embodiment is within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (27)
1. a system, comprising:
Bottom hole assembly (BHA), it includes one or more drill collar and is connected to the drill bit of the one or more drill collar；And
Sensing system, it is used for monitoring described BHA, comprising:
The optical fiber of one or more length, it is spirally wound along the one or more drill collar and extends；
Signal source module, it is disposed in the optical fiber of optical signal launch to the one or more length；
Signal detection module, it is arranged to detect and is guided from described signal source module by the optical fiber of the one or more length
Described optical signal；
Signal processing module, itself and described detection module communication；And
Operator interface, itself and described signal processing module communication,
Wherein said signal processing module is programmed to during the operation of described system:
Optical signal based on described detection determines when described BHA is for drilling well, about on the one or more drill collar
The metrical information of the thermo-mechanical property of multiple various locations, and
When metrical information exceedes threshold value, send signal to described operator interface.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said signal processing module can be further programmed so that in described system
Operation during, provide suggestion based on described metrical information and described threshold value to described operator interface.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is strain.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is temperature.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is pressure.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is the shape of described BHA.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said BHA includes at least two drill collar being connected to each other by coupler；
Wherein said coupler includes the tubular wall extended from the first end and the second end, and at described first end and described second
Passage between end；
The optical fiber of wherein said one or more length passes described passage, in order to be extended across described at least two drill collar continuously
With described coupler.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1, the optical fiber of wherein said one or more length is arranged on along described BHA spirally
In the one or more passages extended.
9. system as claimed in claim 8, it may also include the protection covering being arranged in the one or more passage.
10. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said signal source module is positioned at the one or more drill collar with described
Between drill bit.
11. the system as claimed in claim 1, it may also include the visualization model communicated with described signal processing module, its
Described in visualization model be programmed to during the operation of described system to show described metrical information and corresponding to described survey
The instruction of the position of amount information.
The method of 12. 1 kinds of monitorings bottom hole assembly (BHA), comprising:
One or many that optical signal guiding to the one or more drill collars around described BHA is spirally wound and extends along
In the optical fiber of individual length；
After the fiber guides of described the one or more length of optical signals, detect described optical signal；
Optical signal based on described detection determines when described BHA is for drilling well, about on the one or more drill collar
The metrical information of the thermo-mechanical property of multiple various locations；And
When described metrical information exceedes threshold value, send signal to operator interface.
13. methods as claimed in claim 12, it also includes carrying to described user based on described metrical information and described threshold value
For suggestion.
14. methods as claimed in claim 12, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is strain.
15. methods as claimed in claim 12, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is temperature.
16. methods as claimed in claim 12, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is pressure.
17. methods as claimed in claim 12, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is the shape of described BHA.
18. methods as claimed in claim 12, it may also include the described metrical information of display and corresponding to described metrical information
The instruction of the described position on described BHA.
19. 1 kinds of sensing systems being used for monitoring bottom hole assembly (BHA), comprising:
The optical fiber of one or more length, it is adapted to be spirally wound along BHA and extend；
Signal source module, it is disposed in the optical fiber of optical signal launch to the one or more length；
Signal detection module, it is arranged for receiving and is guided from described signal source module by the optical fiber of the one or more length
Described optical signal；
Signal processing module, itself and described detection module communication；And
Operator interface, itself and described signal processing module communication,
Wherein said signal processing module is programmed to during the operation of described system:
Determine the metrical information of thermo-mechanical property about the multiple various locations on described BHA, and
When described metrical information exceedes threshold value, send signal to described operator interface.
20. systems as claimed in claim 19, wherein said signal processing module is further programmed so that in described system
Operation during, provide suggestion based on described metrical information and described threshold value to described operator interface.
21. systems as claimed in claim 19, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is strain.
22. systems as claimed in claim 19, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is temperature.
23. systems as claimed in claim 19, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is pressure.
24. systems as claimed in claim 19, wherein said thermo-mechanical property is the shape of described BHA.
25. systems as claimed in claim 19, wherein said signal source module is positioned between drill collar and drill bit.
26. systems as claimed in claim 19, it also includes the visualization model communicated with described signal processing module, wherein
Described visualization model is programmed to during the operation of described system show described metrical information and corresponding to described measurement
The instruction of the described position on described BHA of information.
27. systems as claimed in claim 19, it also includes being connected to the Part I of described BHA the second of described BHA
The coupler of part；
Wherein said coupler includes the tubular wall extended from the first end and the second end, and at described first end and described second
Passage between end；
The optical fiber of wherein said one or more length passes described passage, in order to be extended across described at least two drill collar continuously
With described coupler.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2013/072256 WO2015080729A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | Bottom hole assembly fiber optic shape sensing |
Publications (1)
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| CN105849364A true CN105849364A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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| CN201380080219.0A Pending CN105849364A (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | Bottom hole assembly fiber optic shape sensing |
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| US (1) | US20160024912A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105849364A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013406228B2 (en) |
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| GB (1) | GB2535050B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20160559A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2636989C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015080729A1 (en) |
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| CN111655968A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-09-11 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Optical fiber cable for monitoring well operation |
| CN112610200A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-06 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock mass structure gyration drilling rod of making a video recording |
| CN113266339A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-08-17 | 西安石油大学 | Downhole drilling tool assembly distributed measurement system based on optical fiber sensor |
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| BR112015030727A2 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2017-07-25 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | drilling optimization collar, well information gathering system, and method for monitoring environmental conditions |
| US11141931B2 (en) | 2016-09-15 | 2021-10-12 | University Of Tennessee Research Foundation | Smart joint for similar and dissimilar materials including polymers, fiber reinforced composites, metals, concrete, wood based products, and other structural materials |
| US10801267B1 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2020-10-13 | Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems, Inc. | Drill for characterization of materials |
| EP3867493A4 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2022-07-06 | Motive Drilling Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for determining information from a well |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20160559A1 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
| WO2015080729A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
| AU2013406228A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
| RU2636989C1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| AU2013406228B2 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
| CA2928550A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
| GB2535050A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| GB2535050B (en) | 2021-02-17 |
| US20160024912A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
| CA2928550C (en) | 2019-09-24 |
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