CN103954413A - Fiber bragg grating sensing based hydraulic cylinder dynamic seal failure state monitoring method - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating sensing based hydraulic cylinder dynamic seal failure state monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103954413A CN103954413A CN201410202976.7A CN201410202976A CN103954413A CN 103954413 A CN103954413 A CN 103954413A CN 201410202976 A CN201410202976 A CN 201410202976A CN 103954413 A CN103954413 A CN 103954413A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber bragg grating sensing based hydraulic cylinder dynamic seal failure state monitoring method. According to the method, the dynamic seal failure state of hydraulic cylinders is monitored timely through an optical fiber sensing technology, that is, fiber bragg grating strain transducers are laid at the bottoms and sides of hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston dynamic seals, and a fiber bragg grating temperature transducer is lain in the hydraulic cylinder piston rod to monitor the dynamic seal state changes in the hydraulic cylinder timely. Strain and temperature change data of the hydraulic cylinder dynamic seal working surface are acquired and analyzed in real time through a hydraulic cylinder dynamic seal failure state monitoring system, and the hydraulic cylinder dynamic seal failure state is determined accurately through the comparison of the actual strain value and the standard value of the dynamic seal working surface of the hydraulic cylinder. The method has the advantages of being capable of achieving point measuring and multi-point distributive monitoring when the dynamic seal state changes are monitored during the working of the hydraulic cylinder, good in sensitiveness, high in accuracy and capable of preventing leakage failures effectively and preventing environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring field, particularly a kind of hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing.
Background technology
Hydraulic cylinder is the topworks in hydraulic system, has material impact for the performance of hydraulic system.The sealing property of hydraulic cylinder is to be ensured by seal element wherein, and seal element is usually operated under the media environment with certain pressure, particularly motive seal wherein, in the to-and-fro movement process of piston, due to the friction existing between motive seal and Barrel of Hydraulic Cylinders inwall, and contaminant particle in fluid etc., be all to cause motive seal that fatigue, breakage, torsion, swelling, the reason of clamp-oning the failure modes such as gap occur.In all kinds of faults of hydraulic cylinder, because the motive seal dielectric leakage causing that lost efficacy is wherein main failure mode, be also one of the most scabrous problem, not only affect the work efficiency of equipment, also can be to environment and harm.Therefore, the state of hydraulic cylinder motive seal being carried out to Real-Time Monitoring, find as early as possible the inefficacy of motive seal and take measures in time, is the important prerequisite of effectively preventing and avoid hydraulic cylinder generation leakage failure.
At present, monitoring method for hydraulic cylinder sealing failure state mainly can be divided into two classes, wherein: first kind method is mainly by operating personnel, hydraulic cylinder piston rod external part to be observed, according to whether having the leakage of liquid medium to judge that whether sealing state is wherein normal; The problem that these class methods exist is: the early stage method being difficult to by observing in seal failure is found in time, and in the time of the leakage of the liquid medium that makes discovery from observation, the sealing of hydraulic cylinder inside is in state of serious failure, therefore cannot avoid because of the impact of seal failure on complete machine equipment operating efficiency, and pollution on the environment and harm.Equations of The Second Kind method is mainly by the monitoring to two cavity volume pressure signals of hydraulic cylinder, and in conjunction with specific analytical approach, whether judgement wherein exists leakage.Compare with first kind method, leakage when Equations of The Second Kind method can be comparatively small to hydraulic cylinder motive seal damaged condition is detected.But Equations of The Second Kind method is generally off-line analysis, and the pressure signal accuracy that requirement gathers is very high, if while there is disturbing factor in gatherer process, can cause very large impact to analysis result.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing is provided, the method is passed through at hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston motive seal trench bottom and side laying fiber-optic grating sensor, the state variation of motive seal in hydraulic cylinder is carried out directly, monitored in time and accurately, for avoiding in time because of the motive seal hydraulic cylinder leakage failure causing that lost efficacy, prevention provides foundation because liquid medium leaks the environmental pollution causing.
The present invention solves its technical matters and adopts following technical scheme:
Hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing provided by the invention, to utilize optical fiber sensing technology to monitor in time the failure state of motive seal in hydraulic cylinder, concrete grammar is: by laying fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston motive seal groove bottom and side, and hydraulic cylinder piston rod laid inside lay fiber-optical grating temperature sensor to hydraulic cylinder in the state variation of motive seal monitor in time, strain and temperature variation data by hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system to hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface are carried out Real-time Collection and analysis, by the actual strain value of hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface and relatively the failure state of hydraulic cylinder motive seal accurately being judged of standard value.
Described fiber Bragg grating strain sensor comprises hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston motive seal monitoring fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and its laying method in hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston motive seal groove bottom and side can be:
1) laying of hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal monitoring fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor:
Be that the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of piston motive seal groove bottom and the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of piston motive seal groove side stick on motive seal groove bottom and the side in piston with high-temperature plastic respectively by two fiber Bragg grating strain sensors, sealing groove is hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal; The optical fiber being connected with two sections of naked gratings, by the inclined hole of seal groove bottom, then extracts from the endoporus of piston rod; With one section of capillary tubing, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is encapsulated again, form piston motive seal monitoring fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, be then layed in the endoporus of piston rod; Finally three optical fiber are all drawn by the endoporus of piston rod;
2) laying of hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal monitoring fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
Be hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal monitoring fiber Bragg grating strain sensor sticks on respectively hydraulic cylinder guide sleeve seal groove bottom surface and side with high-temperature plastic by two other fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, the optical fiber being connected with described fiber Bragg grating strain sensor extracts by the aperture of seal groove bottom, and sealing groove is hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal; After drawing optical fiber, aperture fire resistant resin class material is shut.
The length of above-mentioned naked grating can be all 10mm, and the diameter of inclined hole can be 3mm.
The optical fiber of described connection piston motive seal groove bottom fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and piston motive seal groove ambient light fiber grating strain transducer is drawn from the inclined hole of seal groove bottom, can together be layed in the endoporus of piston rod with the optical fiber that is connected fine grating temperature sensor, draw from piston rod external part, be connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
Described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in the method for hydraulic cylinder piston rod laid inside can be: first, at surface painting one deck high-temperature resistance adhesive (J133 type epoxy resin) of preparing to lay fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, coating thickness is advisable can just wrap fiber-optical grating temperature sensor position.Treat that it penetrates capillary tubing before uncured, guarantee the centre position of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor at capillary tubing, then use high-temperature resistance adhesive (J133 type epoxy resin) to seal the outlet of capillary tubing two ends, like this with regard to the packaged fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of knowing clearly, because fiber-optical grating temperature sensor position does not touch capillary tubing sidewall, therefore can ensure that it does not stress in measuring process, the only variation of sense temperature.
Described hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal monitoring fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is connected with light signal with computing machine with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator with fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal monitoring fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, forms hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system.
The method that the present invention utilizes the strain of described hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system to hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface and temperature variation data to carry out Real-time Collection and analysis can be: in hydraulic cylinder practical work process, utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to carry out Real-time Collection to being laid on strain transducer in hydraulic cylinder and the wavelength X of temperature sensor, by the analysis of image data being obtained to actual temperature and the strain value on seal operation surface in hydraulic cylinder works process.
The present invention by the actual strain value of hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal working surface and the method for relatively failure state of hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal being carried out accurately judging of standard value can be: first, under the normal condition of hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal, obtain the strain value of hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal groove bottom and side as the criterion of motive seal inefficacy by hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal Failure status monitoring system.Then, actual strain data and the standard value of the piston collecting in hydraulic cylinder works process and piston rod motive seal groove bottom and side are compared, if measured value is greater than standard value, show that sealing is in failure state.
The present invention adopts the method for sensing based on fiber grating, in the course of work of hydraulic cylinder, strain and the temperature variation of hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal workplace is measured, and realizes the monitoring to hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal failure state.It compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) adopt the method for sensing based on fiber grating, by the wherein subtle change of sealing state of monitoring perception of hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal workplace strain and temperature, have the advantages that susceptibility is good and precision is high;
(2) have lightweight, volume is little, the feature of deflection, can be according to the special requirement of hydraulic cylinder inner structure, the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor that design different sizes and shape, be conducive to the application in narrow space.
(3) there is the feature of anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), electrical isolation, corrosion-resistant, essential safety.Because the frequency of the common electromagnetic radiation of the frequency ratio of light wave is much higher, therefore in fiber grating, light signal can not be subject to Electromagnetic Interference.And Fibre Optical Sensor mainly relies on light wave transmissions information, not affected by wet environment, good endurance can be used in rugged surroundings.Meanwhile, because optical fiber is made up of quartz, do not need power drives, it is also safe therefore in the inflammable and explosive Chemical Manufacture such as oil, gas, using.
(4) communication capacity is large, both can realize point measurement, also can realize multipoint mode distribution measuring.
(5) hydraulic cylinder piston proposing by the present invention and piston rod motive seal groove structural design, the sealing state that can monitor in the course of work of hydraulic cylinder wherein changes, and realizes the effective prevention to leakage failure, avoids the environmental pollution therefore causing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the inner structure schematic diagram of fiber grating.
Fig. 2 is fiber-optic grating sensor schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of hydraulic cylinder.
Fig. 4 is the laying schematic diagram of piston motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor.
Fig. 5 is the laying schematic diagram of hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
Fig. 7 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal side under normal circumstances.
Fig. 8 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal bottom surface under normal circumstances.
Fig. 9 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal side under Equations of The Second Kind failure conditions.
Figure 10 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal bottom surface under Equations of The Second Kind failure conditions.
Figure 11 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal side under first kind failure conditions.
Figure 12 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal bottom surface under Equations of The Second Kind failure conditions.
Figure 13 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal side in torsion situation.
Figure 14 is the schematic illustration of strain of motive seal bottom surface in torsion situation.
Figure 15 is the strain variation situation schematic diagram of motive seal in different situations lower seal groove cavity bottom surface.
Figure 16 is the strain variation situation schematic diagram of motive seal in different situations lower seal groove cavity side.
In figure: 1. orienting sleeve; 101. aperture; 102. hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal groove bottom fiber Bragg grating strain sensors;
103. hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal groove ambient light fiber grating strain transducers; 2. dust ring; 3. hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal; 4. piston rod; 401. capillary tubing; 402. fiber-optical grating temperature sensor; 403. optical fiber extensions; 5. cylinder barrel; 6. hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal; 7. piston; 701. inclined hole; 702. hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal groove bottom gratings; 703. hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal groove side gratings; 8. cover plate; 9. capillary tubing; 10. optical fiber extension; 11. fiber-optical grating temperature sensors.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention is further elaborated, but content of the present invention is not only confined to following examples.
Hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing provided by the invention, based on the following:
In engineering reality, cause the reason that hydraulic cylinder motive seal was lost efficacy to comprise the many aspects such as structural design, machining precision, material selection, installation process, operational process, working environment, the failure mode that various failure cause causes is as shown in table 1.In engineering reality, the many reasons that causes hydraulic cylinder motive seal to be lost efficacy is simultaneous often, and conventionally also exists and influence each other between each factor.Therefore, how, in the course of work of hydraulic cylinder, monitoring in time the state variation of wherein motive seal, accurately judge the validity of its work, is the key of effectively preventing hydraulic cylinder leakage failure.
In the course of work of hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal surface tend to produce that wear extent is excessive, scratch, gap are bitten and the situation such as fracture, change and there is the stress state that above-mentioned any situation all can cause motive seal workplace, therefore the present invention arranges respectively fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in side and the bottom surface of hydraulic cylinder motive seal, is used for monitoring the strain variation situation of motive seal side and bottom surface.In addition, the temperature variation being used in perception seal operation process at piston rod internal placement fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.Hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor is connected with (FBG) demodulator after drawing by the groove of offering specially on piston rod, hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor is connected with (FBG) demodulator after drawing by the aperture of offering on orienting sleeve, the signal that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator collects is resent to computing machine and carries out analyzing and processing, according to result, the state of hydraulic cylinder motive seal is judged.
The hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring method of embodiment 1. based on optical fiber grating sensing
The described hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing, to utilize optical fiber sensing technology to monitor in time the failure state of motive seal in hydraulic cylinder, specifically: by laying fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston motive seal groove bottom and side, and hydraulic cylinder piston rod laid inside fiber-optical grating temperature sensor to hydraulic cylinder in the state variation of motive seal monitor in time, strain and temperature variation data by hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system to hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface are carried out Real-time Collection and analysis, by the actual strain value of hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface and relatively the failure state of hydraulic cylinder motive seal accurately being judged of standard value.
The principle of work of fiber-optic grating sensor: fiber grating is to make the refractive index generation axial cyclic of fiber core modulate the diffraction grating forming by certain method, is a kind of passive filtering device, as shown in Figure 2.A-incident light; B-reflected light; C-fibre core; D-covering; E-transmitted light; F-Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
According to the coupling fiber theory of modules, utilize the expression formula of the Bragg grating reflection wavelength that the orthogonality relation of fiber grating transmission mode obtains to be:
λ
B＝2nΛ (1)
In formula (1): λ
bfor the reflection wavelength of fiber grating; N is the effective refractive index of spread fiber pattern; Λ is the grating cycle, can adjust by the relative angle of two relevant ultraviolet light beams, produces the Bragg grating of different reflection wavelengths.
Inject after optical fiber when a wide spectrum light source, the light that has wavelength and be formula (1) after grating returns, and other light is by transmission.Catoptrical central wavelength lambda
b, relevant with the effective refractive index n of grating periods lambda, fibre core.When the measured of the external world causes that optical fiber grating temperature, stress and other physical field all can cause the variation of catoptrical centre wavelength while change, therefore, can reflect by the variation of fiber grating reflected light centre wavelength the situation of change of extraneous measured signal.
The principle of fiber-optic grating sensor as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, wide spectrum light source incides by circulator the light that has certain bandwidth in fiber grating, and due to the wavelength selection effect of fiber grating, qualified light will be reflected back, and send into demodulating equipment by circulator.In the time that extraneous temperature, pressure or stress change, wave length measuring system can be by calculating the situation of change of external physical quantity to wavelength variations.The change calculations formula of wavelength is:
Δλ/λ＝K
εε+K
TΔT (2)
Wherein, the variable quantity that Δ λ is wavelength, K
εfor the ga(u)ge factor of fiber grating, ε is strain variation amount, K
tfor the temperature control coefficient of fiber grating, Δ T is temperature variation.In order to debate out respectively exactly temperature and strain variation amount wherein, also must carry out independent measurement to temperature variation wherein, to extrapolate strain variation amount wherein in through type (2).
Wave length measuring system is as follows by wavelength variations being calculated to the method for situation of change of external physical quantity:
(1) optical fiber grating temperature is measured:
Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is to adopt metal material to protect sensitive element grating wherein, and the fiber grating after armouring is only subject to the impact of temperature.Under extraneous temperature variation effect, the wavelength variations mathematic(al) representation of fiber grating:
Δλ
B＝α
TΔT (3)
In formula: Δ λ
bcentered by wavelength variations, Δ T is temperature variation, α
tfor the sensitivity coefficient of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
(2) fiber grating strain is measured:
In the time that ambient temperature is constant, by Δ λ/λ=K
εε+K
tΔ T is known: ε=Δ λ/(K
ελ), once ga(u)ge factor is definite, can obtain corresponding strain value by wavelength variations easily.
In the time of temperature variation, must carry out temperature compensation to strain sensing grating.Method is as follows: a Bragg grating is laid in to measurand, and that another root is laid in is the same with measured material, temperature field consistent and do not stress.
The common wavelength variations producing of temperature and strain can be expressed from the next:
Δλ
B＝α
εε+α
TΔT (4)
In formula (4): Δ λ
bfor wavelength variations; Δ T is temperature variation; ε is strain variation; α
εfor the temperature control coefficient of fiber-optic grating sensor; α
tfor the sensitivity coefficient of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor.
If B1 is fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, B2 is fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, and the wavelength variations of the two is as follows:
Δλ
B1＝α
ε1ε+α
T1ΔT (5)
Δλ
B2＝α
T2ΔT (6)
In formula (6), Δ λ
b1for the wavelength variable quantity of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor B1, Δ λ
b2for the wavelength variable quantity of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor B2.
In addition, establish ψ=α
t1/ α
t2, the strain that can obtain B1 fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is:
In formula (7), α
ε 1temperature control coefficient.
The above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing provided by the invention, concrete steps are as follows:
1. the laying scheme of hydraulic cylinder motive seal fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
Described hydraulic cylinder motive seal fiber Bragg grating strain sensor comprises hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor and hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor.
(1) laying of piston motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor:
The present invention is that the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 702 of piston motive seal groove bottom and the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 703 of piston motive seal groove side stick on motive seal groove bottom and the side in piston 7 with high-temperature plastic respectively by two fiber Bragg grating strain sensors, is hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal in sealing groove; The optical fiber being attached thereto, by the inclined hole 701 of seal groove bottom, then extracts from the endoporus of piston rod 4.In addition, be that 15mm capillary tubing encapsulates fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 402 by a segment length, be then layed in the endoporus of piston rod 4.Finally three optical fiber are all drawn by the endoporus of piston rod 4.Such arrangement can reduce the loss of light signal on the one hand, does not affect again on the other hand the normal work of hydraulic cylinder.Its arrangement as shown in Figure 5, wherein numbers 403 for optical fiber extension.Between piston rod 4 and orienting sleeve 1, dust ring 2 is set.
Described grating length is 10mm, and the diameter of inclined hole 701 is 3mm.The optical fiber that connects bottom surface grating 702 and side grating 703 is drawn from inclined hole 701, is together layed in the endoporus of piston rod 4 with the optical fiber that is connected temperature compensation grating 402, draws from piston rod 4 external parts, is connected with (FBG) demodulator.
(2) laying of hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal monitoring fiber-optic grating sensor:
As shown in Figure 5, be piston rod motive seal groove ambient light fiber grating strain transducer 103 in piston rod motive seal groove bottom fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 102 and the orienting sleeve 1 in orienting sleeve 1 sticks on respectively hydraulic cylinder termination seal groove 3 bottom surface and side with high-temperature plastic by two other fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, the optical fiber being connected with these two fiber Bragg grating strain sensors extracts by the aperture 101 of seal groove bottom, is hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal in sealing groove; After drawing optical fiber, aperture 101 use fire resistant resin class materials (J133 type epoxy resin) are shut.Aperture 101 diameters are 3mm.
Be provided with cover plate 8 at hydraulic cylinder right-hand member head, the two is connected by bolted.
2. the making of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and demarcation:
(1) making of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor:
The method for making of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is as follows: first, at position painting one deck high-temperature resistance adhesive (J133 type epoxy resin) of preparing to lay fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 402, coating thickness is advisable can just wrap fiber-optical grating temperature sensor position.Treat that it penetrates capillary tubing 9 before uncured, guarantee the centre position of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 11 at capillary tubing 9, then use high-temperature resistance adhesive (J133 type epoxy resin) to seal capillary tubing 9 two ends outlets.So just form fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, because grating position does not touch capillary tubing sidewall, therefore can ensure that it does not stress in measuring process, the only variation of sense temperature.Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor schematic diagram is as Fig. 6.In Fig. 6, numbering 9 is optical fiber extensions.
(2) demarcation of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor:
Due to different fiber optic materials, different write the difference between technique and annealing process, make the temperature control coefficient of fiber grating can be different; In addition, encapsulating material also can greatly change the temperature control coefficient of grating.Therefore,, apply grating sensor in engineering reality time, need respectively temperature control coefficient to be demarcated.
At temperature control coefficient timing signal, after packaged 5 kinds of fiber-optic grating sensors, be placed in temperature control box, the temperature of adjusting successively temperature control box is respectively 20 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 80 DEG C, record wavelength data and the temperature data of fiber grating grating at each temperature, the calibration result that the present invention obtains in temperature calibration test is as shown in table 2.
The fiber-optic grating sensor temperature calibration result of 5 kinds of different wave length values that test adopts is as shown in table 2.Wherein, λ is wavelength, and T is temperature.Can find out, the variation of temperature and wavelength is good linear relationship.
Points for attention: lasting time of temperature calibration is longer, writes down corresponding wavelength X after every group of temperature will continue for an hour again.
3. the test of the sealed working face strain measurement based on fiber-optic grating sensor:
(1) process of the test:
In the hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace strain and temperature survey process of the test based on fiber-optic grating sensor, by hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal 6 being applied to the pressure perpendicular to seal groove bottom surface in piston 7, the radial pressure that in the simulated solution cylinder pressure course of work, cylinder barrel 5 produces seal groove bottom surface by piston motive seal 6, and the axial friction that in a reciprocating power simulated solution cylinder pressure course of work that is parallel to seal groove bottom surface, the relative motion between cylinder barrel 5 and piston motive seal 6 produces.In test, the initial wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of monitor strain is as shown in table 3.
(2) Test Data Collecting and processing:
In order to monitor the sealed working face strain variation situation of hydraulic cylinder motive seal under different failure states, respectively multiple motive seals are carried out the processing of different destructiveness, be respectively normal, the first kind lost efficacy (little breakage), Equations of The Second Kind lost efficacy (damaged greatly) and four kinds of situations are reversed in motive seal, then in process of the test, measured the strain variation situation of sealed working face by the motive seal of replacing different conditions.Utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to gather the wavelength X that is laid on the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of motive seal groove bottom and side in hydraulic cylinder piston 7, sample rate is 25Hz, threshold value 5000.The test figure (part) gathering in test is referring to this paper sealed working face strain measurement test figure table 4-table 7 based on fiber-optic grating sensor below.
The present invention changes the strain that can obtain hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace by the wavelength variations processing that obtains that test is gathered, specifically as shown in Fig. 7-Figure 14.
For the ease of comparative analysis, above-mentioned sealed working face strain variation normal, that the first kind lost efficacy (little breakage), Equations of The Second Kind lost efficacy (damaged greatly) and motive seal is reversed under four kinds of states is plotted on a figure, respectively as shown in Figure 15-Figure 16.
Can be found out by Figure 15 and Figure 16, under motive seal normal condition, the strain value minimum of sealed working face, and under the failure state of motive seal, it is large that the strain value of sealed working face obviously becomes, and also the Changing Pattern of seal groove bottom surface and side is identical.In Figure 15: curve A is normal condition, curve B is the damaged situation of the first kind, and curve C is torsion situation, and curve D is the damaged situation of Equations of The Second Kind.In Figure 16: curve E is normal condition; Curve F is the damaged situation of the first kind; Curve G is the damaged situation of Equations of The Second Kind; Curve H is torsion situation.
Analysis by test figure is found: under different motive seal states, present certain Changing Pattern by being laid on the strain value that the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace measures.When motive seal is wherein during in failure state, the strain value of motive seal workplace is greater than the strain value under normal condition; And under different failure states, the strain variation of motive seal workplace is not identical yet.The analysis result of test figure shows to utilize the measuring method of fiber-optic grating sensor can monitor out the strain variation of hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace, provides important approach for accurately monitoring hydraulic cylinder motive seal failure state.
4. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace strain measurement test figure based on fiber-optic grating sensor:
Hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace strain measurement test figure is under normal circumstances as shown in table 4, hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace strain measurement test figure under first kind failure conditions is as shown in table 5, hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace strain measurement test figure under Equations of The Second Kind failure conditions is as shown in table 6, and the hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace strain measurement test figure in torsion situation is as shown in table 7.
5. the foundation of hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system:
The function of hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system is strain and the temperature variation data that gather hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace in hydraulic cylinder works process.The hardware composition of monitoring system comprises:
(1) be laid on the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of hydraulic cylinder piston and piston rod motive seal groove side and bottom surface;
(2) be laid on the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in hydraulic cylinder piston rod;
(3) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (as MOI SM130 (FBG) demodulator);
(4) computing machine.
In addition, also comprise and lay fiber-optic grating sensor required fire resistant resin class material (J133 type epoxy resin), and the plastic protective sleeve that need to use in the outlet of optical fiber lead-out groove and bending place.
6. strain and the temperature variation data of pair hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface are carried out Real-time Collection and analysis:
Strain and temperature variation data by hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system to hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface are carried out Real-time Collection and analysis, and its method is as follows:
In hydraulic cylinder practical work process, utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to gather being laid on strain transducer in hydraulic cylinder and the wavelength X of temperature sensor, sample rate is 25Hz, threshold value 5000.The data (part) that the present invention gathers in experimental study are referring to table 4-table 7.The wavelength variation data that test is collected is processed, and can obtain the strain into sealed working face, specifically as shown in Fig. 7-Figure 16.
7. the judgement of pair hydraulic cylinder motive seal failure state:
By the actual strain value of hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface and relatively the failure state of hydraulic cylinder motive seal accurately being judged of standard value, wherein, the basis for estimation of hydraulic cylinder motive seal failure state is as follows:
Under hydraulic cylinder motive seal different conditions, (be respectively the situation such as breakage and torsion normally, in various degree), the data results that the strain variation of hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace is carried out to monitoring test shows: under the different conditions of motive seal, present identical Changing Pattern by being laid on the strain value that the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of motive seal groove bottom and side measures.Wherein, under motive seal normal condition, the strain value minimum of motive seal workplace, and when motive seal is during in failure state, the strain value of motive seal workplace is greater than the strain value under normal condition.
Therefore, utilize the measuring method of fiber-optic grating sensor can in hydraulic cylinder practical work process, monitor the state variation of motive seal, by with motive seal normal condition under the motive seal that relatively judges of strain value whether lost efficacy.
The determination methods of hydraulic cylinder motive seal failure state is as follows:
First under hydraulic cylinder motive seal normal condition, obtain the strain value of motive seal groove bottom and side by hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system as the criterion of hydraulic cylinder motive seal inefficacy.Then, actual strain data and the standard value of the seal groove bottom surface collecting in hydraulic cylinder works process and side are compared, if measured value is greater than standard value, show that hydraulic cylinder motive seal is in failure state.
Through above-mentioned steps, realize hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring.
The preparation of embodiment 2. fiber Bragg grating strain sensors:
1. the structure of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
Described fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, formed by four fiber Bragg grating strain sensors 702,703,102 and 103, wherein: fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 702 and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 703, in bottom surface and the side of hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal groove, are realized the status monitoring to hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal; Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 102 and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 103, in bottom surface and the side of hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal groove, are realized the status monitoring to Cylinder Rod Sealing on Hydraulic Cylinder.
2. the laying of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor:
Adopt following methods to lay fiber Bragg grating strain sensor: the bottom surface and the side that two fiber Bragg grating strain sensors 702 and 703 are sticked on respectively to hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal groove by high-temp glue, the optical fiber being attached thereto, by hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal trench bottom inclined hole, is then drawn from piston rod internal holes.Two fiber Bragg grating strain sensors 102 and 103 are sticked on respectively to bottom surface and the side of hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal with high-temperature plastic, the optical fiber being attached thereto extracts by hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal trench bottom aperture 101, draws to seal aperture 101 by high-temp glue afterwards.
Described high-temperature resistance adhesive is aviation fire resistant resin class material (J133 type epoxy resin).。
The preparation of embodiment 3. fiber-optical grating temperature sensors
1. the structure of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor:
Described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (claiming again fiber-optical grating temperature sensor), as shown in Figure 6, formed by capillary tubing 10, grating laying section 11 and optical fiber extension 9, wherein: grating is laid the centre of section 11 in capillary tubing 10, be not subject to the impact of external force, so only temperature influence of its wavelength variations, for measuring the temperature of hydraulic cylinder works process.
2. the preparation of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor:
Adopt following methods to prepare fiber-optical grating temperature sensor: be that fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 11 surfaces are coated with one deck high-temperature resistance adhesive (J133 type epoxy resin) at naked grating, coating thickness is advisable can just wrap grating position.Treat to penetrate capillary tubing 9 before it solidifies, guarantee the centre of grating at capillary tubing, then use high-temperature resistance adhesive (J133 type epoxy resin) to seal the outlet of capillary tubing two ends.
Table 1 hydraulic cylinder motive seal failure cause and failure modes analysis
Table 2 temperature calibration result
The position of table 3 hydraulic cylinder motive seal workplace strain measurement test fiber-optic grating sensor and initial wavelength
Table 4 hydraulic cylinder motive seal data under normal circumstances
Data under table 5 hydraulic cylinder motive seal first kind failure conditions
Data under table 6 hydraulic cylinder motive seal Equations of The Second Kind failure conditions
Data in table 7 hydraulic cylinder motive seal torsion situation
Claims (8)
1. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing, it is characterized in that utilizing optical fiber sensing technology to monitor in time the failure state of motive seal in hydraulic cylinder, specifically: by laying fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston motive seal groove bottom and side, and hydraulic cylinder piston rod laid inside lay fiber-optical grating temperature sensor to hydraulic cylinder in the state variation of motive seal monitor in time, strain and temperature variation data by hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system to hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface are carried out Real-time Collection and analysis, by the actual strain value of hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface and relatively the failure state of hydraulic cylinder motive seal accurately being judged of standard value.
2. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being included in fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor that hydraulic cylinder piston rod and piston motive seal groove bottom and side are laid, its laying method is:
1) laying of piston motive seal fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor:
The fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (703) of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor that is piston motive seal groove bottom by two sections of naked gratings (702) and piston motive seal groove side sticks on seal groove bottom surface and the side in piston (7) with high-temperature plastic respectively, is hydraulic cylinder piston motive seal in sealing groove; The optical fiber being connected with two sections of naked gratings, by the inclined hole (701) of seal groove bottom, then extracts from the endoporus of piston rod; Use again one section of capillary tubing to encapsulate temperature compensation grating (402), be then layed in the endoporus of piston rod, form piston seal monitoring fiber-optical grating temperature sensor; Finally three optical fiber are concentrated in together by the endoporus of piston rod and drawn;
2) laying of piston rod motive seal fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor:
Be the seal groove bottom surface fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (102) of orienting sleeve (1) and the seal groove ambient light fiber grating strain transducer (103) of orienting sleeve (1) stick on respectively orienting sleeve (1) seal groove bottom surface and side with high-temperature plastic by two other fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, match with bottom surface and the side of hydraulic cylinder piston rod motive seal (3), the optical fiber being connected with described fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is drawn from the aperture (101) of seal groove bottom; Optical fiber is drawn rear aperture (101) fire resistant resin class material and is shut.
3. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing according to claim 2, is characterized in that the length of described fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is 10mm, and the diameter of inclined hole (701) is 3mm.
4. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the optical fiber that connects bottom surface fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (702) and ambient light fiber grating strain transducer (703) draws from inclined hole (701), together be layed in the endoporus of piston rod with the optical fiber that is connected fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (402), draw from piston rod external part, be connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
5. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing according to claim 1, is characterized in that in the method for hydraulic cylinder piston rod laid inside fiber-optical grating temperature sensor being:
First be coated with one deck high-temperature resistance adhesive on the surface of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (402), coating thickness is advisable can just wrap fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, treat that it penetrates capillary tubing (10) before uncured, guarantee the centre position of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (11) in capillary tubing (10), then seal the outlet of capillary tubing (10) two ends with high-temperature resistance adhesive, like this with regard to packaged fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, because grating position does not touch capillary tubing sidewall, therefore can ensure that it does not stress in measuring process, the only variation of sense temperature.Then, at piston rod bore area painting one deck high-temperature resistance adhesive of preparing to lay fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (402), treat that it is uncured front being laid on the packaged fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (402) of capillary tubing (10) position that coats high-temperature resistance adhesive, the optical fiber (9) that connects fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (402) is drawn from piston rod external part, is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
6. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor are connected with light signal with computing machine with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, form hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system.
7. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing according to claim 6, the method that it is characterized in that utilizing the strain of described hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system to hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface and temperature variation data to carry out Real-time Collection and analysis is: in hydraulic cylinder practical work process, utilize four-way fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to carry out Real-time Collection to being laid on strain transducer in hydraulic cylinder and the wavelength X of temperature sensor, by the actual temperature that calculates motive seal working surface in hydraulic cylinder works process and strain value to image data.
8. the hydraulic cylinder motive seal state monitoring method based on optical fiber grating sensing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that by the actual strain value of hydraulic cylinder motive seal working surface and the method for relatively failure state of hydraulic cylinder motive seal being carried out accurately judging of standard value being: first, under hydraulic cylinder motive seal normal condition, obtain the strain value of motive seal groove bottom and side by hydraulic cylinder motive seal Failure status monitoring system as the criterion of motive seal inefficacy; Then, actual strain data and the standard value of the motive seal groove bottom collecting in hydraulic cylinder works process and side are compared, if measured value is greater than standard value, show that motive seal is in failure state.
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