CN103404464A - Biological scavenging method for removing fouling organisms on mariculture scallop cages and shells - Google Patents
Biological scavenging method for removing fouling organisms on mariculture scallop cages and shells Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404464A CN103404464A CN201310368493XA CN201310368493A CN103404464A CN 103404464 A CN103404464 A CN 103404464A CN 201310368493X A CN201310368493X A CN 201310368493XA CN 201310368493 A CN201310368493 A CN 201310368493A CN 103404464 A CN103404464 A CN 103404464A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological scavenging method for removing fouling organisms on mariculture scallop cages and shells. According to the biological scavenging method, sea urchins are subjected to mixed culture in the scallop cages, and a scallop-urchin comprehensive culture system is established; 1-2 hemicentrotuspulcherrimuses undergo mixed culture each time 30 chlamysnobilises, bay scallops or chlamysnobilises are cultured; and 1-2 hemicentrotuspulcherrimuses undergo mixed culture each time 10 pectenyessoesises are cultured. The biological scavenging method has the advantages that culture cost increased due to clearing of attaching organisms is reduced; the growing speed of the scallops is increased, and quality is improved; a low-cost sea urchin culture method is provided; and the sea urchin culture survival rate and culture economic benefit are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mariculture field, be specially the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage and shell.
Background technology
Fouling organism is the general name of plant, animal and the microorganism etc. that adhere to breeding facility and organism surface.The mariculture output of China occupy first place, the world, and scallop is important mariculture kind.The cage raft culture is one of major way of current scallop culture.Scallop cultivation cage and shell provide a large amount of adherances for fouling organism, can adhere to a large amount of fouling organisms in the breeding production process, and cultivation is produced to a lot of negative effects.Its impact comprises: (1) has increased the weight of breeding cage greatly, causes breeding cage to be torn damage; (2) increased the stressed of buoyant raft, heavy raft danger even can occur when serious; (3) stop up the mesh on breeding cage, reduce dissolved oxygen and bait concentration in breeding cage, affect the growth of scallop; (4) filter-feeding such as Ascidian and mussel fouling organism and scallop competition bait, growth rate and the coefficient of condition of reduction scallop.
At present, the fouling organism on scallop cage and shell, main by falling the physical means removings such as cage or clear cage, but this method needs a large amount of labours, greatly increase aquaculture cost, and can increase the aerial exposure of scallop, greatly increased the lethality of scallop; And the chemical method of employing antifouling paint is not only expensive, and can in seawater, distribute the noxious material pollution of marine environment.
Biological method is to utilize different biological feeding habit and behavioural characteristics to remove aufwuch, has advantages of efficient, environmental protection and does not increase aquaculture cost.Therefore, research set up a kind of can high-efficient cleaning except fouling organism on scallop cultivation cage and shell, do not increase aquaculture cost, and it is very necessary and urgent environment not to be produced to the biological control method polluted again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency existed for the above prior art, a kind of bioscrubbing method of utilizing fouling organism on mariculture scallop cage that sea urchin removes fouling organism on scallop cultivation cage and shell and shell is provided.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on mariculture scallop cage and shell, in the scallop cage, raise together with sea urchin, and be built into " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system.In composite culture system, sea urchin and scallop be predation mutually not; Sea urchin takes food the algae in fouling community etc. as bait, does not therefore need extra bait throwing in, does not increase cost; The climbing behavior of sea urchin also can stop adhering to and growing of the part fouling organism young, reduces the quantity of the fouling organism on breeding cage and scallop shell.
The preferred horsedung sea urchin of described sea urchin.
Every cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or 30 of Chlamys nobilis are raised together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin; 10 of every cultivation Patinopecten yessoensis, raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin.
Ocean temperature is 20.6-22.5 ℃.
Described scallop cultivation cage can be the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, is divided into 10 layers with the black rubber dish, floor height 20cm, 10 of every layer of cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or 30 of Chlamys nobilis or Patinopecten yessoensis; Raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin for every layer.Preferably, every layer of foster 1 horsedung sea urchin also can play very good effect.
Described scallop cage is hung on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is about 2.5m.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1), reduce the aquaculture cost that the cleaning aufwuch increases: the present invention utilizes feeding habit and the behavioural characteristic of sea urchin, removes the fouling organism on scallop cultivation cage and shell; Reduce cage and the clear required human cost of cage, also reduce the use of breeding cage, reduce the facility cost, improve fanning economics;
(2), improve the growth rate of scallop, improve quality: sea urchin is removed the fouling organism reduced on breeding cage, increases by the current of breeding cage, and then improves the concentration of dissolved oxygen and suspended particulate substance in breeding cage, promotes the growth of scallop; In addition, sea urchin, by directly taking food or the climbing behavior, reduces adhering to and quantity of filter-feeding fouling organism, has reduced these biologies and the competition of scallop to bait, and then improves the coefficient of condition of scallop, improves product quality, finally improves fanning economics;
(3), provide a kind of cultural method of sea urchin cheaply: application the present invention raises together with sea urchin in the scallop cage, do not need the bait of throwing something and feeding, do not need extra facility hardware to drop into yet, can gather in the crops sea urchin yet in the results scallop, greatly improve cultivation efficiency and benefit;
(4), improved survival rate and the fanning economics of sea urchin cultivation: it is the important breeding way of current sea urchin that the end is broadcast, though the bottom sowing culture sea urchin does not need bait throwing in yet, but in environment, harmful organisms can be preyed on sea urchin, be lowered into motility rate, and the rate of recapture of general bottom sowing culture is only the 30%--50% left and right; The present invention in the scallop cage, has avoided sea urchin cultivation the destruction of harmful organisms, and the sea urchin of cultivation all can have been regained, and has higher cultivation efficiency and economic benefit preferably.
The accompanying drawing explanation
When finish for experiment Fig. 1-1 on breeding cage fouling organism weight (data mean with mean+SD (n=5); Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05));
When Fig. 1-2 finishes for experiment on shell fouling organism weight (data mean with mean+SD (n=5); Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05)).
Fig. 2-1 is that (data mean with mean+SD (n=5) for the survival rate of scallop under different disposal; Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05));
(data mean with mean+SD (n=5) for the long growth rate of shell in Fig. 2-2; Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05));
Fig. 2-3 are that (data mean with mean+SD (n=5) the soft tissue growth rate; Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05)).
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with example and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this, according to foregoing of the present invention, common technique knowledge and conventional techniques means in conjunction with this area, not breaking away under the above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the present invention prerequisite, can derive modification, replacement or the change of other various ways.
On a kind of mariculture scallop cage and shell, the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism, raise together with sea urchin in the scallop cage, is built into " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system.Described " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system is exactly in the scallop cage, to raise together with sea urchin in the ratio of certain cultured scallop.In composite culture system, sea urchin and scallop be predation mutually not; Sea urchin takes food the algae in fouling community etc. as bait, does not therefore need extra bait throwing in, does not increase cost; The climbing behavior of sea urchin also can stop adhering to and growing of the part fouling organism young, reduces the quantity of the fouling organism on breeding cage and scallop shell.The preferred horsedung sea urchin of described sea urchin, it is best that it removes effect.Every cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or 30 of Chlamys nobilis are raised together with 1 horsedung sea urchin; 10 of every cultivation Patinopecten yessoensis, raise together with 1 horsedung sea urchin.Perhaps, every cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or 30 of Chlamys nobilis are raised together with 2 horsedung sea urchins; 10 of every cultivation Patinopecten yessoensis, raise together with 2 horsedung sea urchins.Wherein, the ocean temperature of cultivation is 20.6-22.5 ℃.Described scallop cultivation cage can be the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, is divided into 10 layers with the black rubber dish, floor height 20cm, 10 of every layer of cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or 30 of Chlamys nobilis or Patinopecten yessoensis; Raise together with 2 horsedung sea urchins for every layer.Perhaps, every layer of foster 1 horsedung sea urchin also can play very good effect.Described scallop cage is hung on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is about 2.5m.
The compliance test result test
Validity check process of the present invention and method are as follows:
Experimental period: field experiment, in the most flouring the carrying out the 6-9 month of fouling organism, is checked the fouling organism effect on breeding cage and shell in horsedung sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus removing chlamys farreri Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis Patinopecten yessoensis breeding process.The experimental session ocean temperature is 20.6-22.5 ℃.
Bioorganism and cultivating condition: scallop cultivation cage is the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, is divided into 10 layers (Fig. 1-1) with the black rubber dish, floor height 20cm, 10 of every layer of cultivation 30 of chlamys farreris or Patinopecten yessoensis.(mean value ± S.D.) is 49.5 ± 3.6mm, and the shell of chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis grows that (mean value ± S.D.) is respectively 52.8 ± 2.6mm and 57.5 ± 2.4mm with the horsedung sea urchin diameter in experiment.The experimental group breeding cage, raise together with 1 horsedung sea urchin for every layer, and control group is not raised together with sea urchin; Experimental group and control group are respectively established 3 repetitions.The scallop cage is hung on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is about 2.5m.
Growth result check: growth and the survival condition of measuring sea urchin when experiment finishes; From every breeding cage, getting at random 10 chlamys farreris or 5 Patinopecten yessoensis, after measuring shell length, separate soft tissue, under 65 ℃, dry weighing software dry weight.
Fouling organism is removed validity check: all fouling organisms on peel test group and control group breeding cage, and weighing is the weight in wet base of fouling organism relatively, the removing effect of check sea urchin to fouling organism on breeding cage; From each breeding cage, getting at random 10 chlamys farreris or 5 Patinopecten yessoensis, separate fouling organism on shell, the weight of weighing fouling organism, the removing effect of check sea urchin to fouling organism on the Patinopecten yessoensis shell.
Adopt the method for t-check, whether scallop growth and the fouling organism quantity of comparative experiments group and control group exist significant difference, and the significant difference level is made as 0.05, adopt Statistica6.0(Statsoft, Tulsa, OK, USA). software carries out statistical analysis.For fear of puppet, repeat, by fouling organism quantity on the scallop of taking a sample in each breeding cage or shell, rather than the growth of each scallop (or on shell fouling organism quantity) is as a sample (Hurlbert, 1984).
Result of the test:
(1) fouling organism is removed effect.
Sea urchin has significant removing effect to fouling organism on breeding cage.After experiment only started 1 month, on the experimental group scallop cultivation cage, the area coverage of fouling organism obviously reduced, and especially the quantity of red algae significantly descends.When experiment finishes, raise together with the quantity of fouling organism on the experimental group chlamys farreri of sea urchin and Patinopecten yessoensis breeding cage all lower than the control group of not raising together with sea urchin (Fig. 1-1), on two kinds of scallop cultivation cages of experimental group, fouling organism weight has reduced respectively 638 and 632g, has reduced about 32.4-32.9% than control group (be respectively 1940 and 1953g).
Sea urchin also has significant removing effect to fouling organism on shell.Raise together with in the experimental group breeding cage of sea urchin on the Patinopecten yessoensis shell fouling organism significantly lower than control group, reduced approximately 62.35% than control group, illustrate that sea urchin can effectively remove the fouling organism on the Patinopecten yessoensis shell.
(2) growth of sea urchin and survival condition.
The survival rate of experimental group and control group sea urchin is 100%, the diameter accretion 1.3 ± 0.2mm of sea urchin when experiment finishes, weight in wet base balanced growth 2.0 ± 0.3g.
(3) growth of scallop and survival condition.The survival rate of experimental group and control group scallop is all higher than 95%(Fig. 2-1).The scallop shell of raising together with the experimental group of sea urchin grows tall in control group (Fig. 2-2).The soft tissue dry weight of experimental group scallop of sea urchin is arranged also higher than control group (Fig. 2-3), the soft tissue dry weight of experimental group chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis to control group high 0.23 and 0.22g, is equivalent to 12.6% and 18.9% respectively.
Result of the test confirms, the biological control method of fouling organism on the scallop cultivation cage of invention and shell, can effectively remove the fouling organism on breeding cage and scallop shell, reduce the artificial fouling organism of removing, reduce clear cage or fall cage to the coercing of scallop, improve survival rate and the growth rate (Fig. 2) of scallop.In addition, the invention a kind of method of many trophic level integrated culture scallop and sea urchin, in cultured scallop, not needing increases facility and bait cost, can gather in the crops sea urchin.To sum up, the present invention can reduce the scallop culture cost greatly, significantly improves fanning economics.
The present invention can summarize with other the concrete form without prejudice to spirit of the present invention or principal character.The above embodiment of the present invention all can only think explanation of the present invention rather than restriction, and every foundation essence technology of the present invention, to any trickle modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment does, all belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a mariculture scallop cage and shell, is characterized in that, raises together with sea urchin in the scallop cage, is built into " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system.
2. according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage claimed in claim 1 and shell, it is characterized in that, described sea urchin is horsedung sea urchin.
3. according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage claimed in claim 2 and shell, it is characterized in that, every cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or 30 of Chlamys nobilis are raised together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin; 10 of every cultivation Patinopecten yessoensis, raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin.
4. according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage claimed in claim 1 and shell, it is characterized in that, ocean temperature is 20.6-22.5 ℃.
5. according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage claimed in claim 2 and shell, it is characterized in that, described scallop cultivation cage is the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, with the black rubber dish, be divided into 10 layers, floor height 20cm, 10 of every layer of cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or 30 of Chlamys nobilis or Patinopecten yessoensis; Raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin for every layer.
6. according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage claimed in claim 1 and shell, it is characterized in that, described scallop cage is hung on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is 2.5m.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104335933A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-02-11 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for removing fouling organisms in cultured abalone |
| CN113557994A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-10-29 | 华南农业大学 | Shellfish breeding cage and method for removing fouling organisms of shellfish breeding cage |
| CN114467815A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-13 | 烟台市海洋经济研究院(烟台市渔业技术推广站、烟台市海洋捕捞增殖管理站) | Mariculture prevents and removes off biological farming systems |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104335933A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-02-11 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for removing fouling organisms in cultured abalone |
| CN113557994A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-10-29 | 华南农业大学 | Shellfish breeding cage and method for removing fouling organisms of shellfish breeding cage |
| CN114467815A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-13 | 烟台市海洋经济研究院(烟台市渔业技术推广站、烟台市海洋捕捞增殖管理站) | Mariculture prevents and removes off biological farming systems |
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