CN103404464B - A kind of bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on mariculture scallop cage and shell - Google Patents
A kind of bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on mariculture scallop cage and shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404464B CN103404464B CN201310368493.XA CN201310368493A CN103404464B CN 103404464 B CN103404464 B CN 103404464B CN 201310368493 A CN201310368493 A CN 201310368493A CN 103404464 B CN103404464 B CN 103404464B
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- scallop
- sea urchin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention discloses the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage and shell, in scallop cage, raise together with sea urchin, is built into " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system; Often cultivate chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 and raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin; Often cultivate Patinopecten yessoensis 10, raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the aquaculture cost that (1), reduction cleaning aufwuch increase; (2), the growth rate of scallop is improved, oil recovery enhancement; (3) a kind of sea urchin cultural method of low cost, is provided; (4), improve survival rate and the fanning economics of sea urchin cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field of marine aquaculture, be specially the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage and shell.
Background technology
Fouling organism is the general name of attachment breeding facility and the plant of organism surface, animal and microorganism etc.The mariculture output of China occupy first place, the world, and scallop is important mariculture kind.Cage raft culture is one of major way of current scallop culture.Scallop cultivation cage and shell are that fouling organism provides a large amount of adherance, can adhere to a large amount of fouling organism in breeding production process, produce a lot of negative effect to cultivation.Its impact comprises: (1) considerably increases the weight of breeding cage, causes breeding cage to be torn damage; (2) add the stressed of buoyant raft, heavy raft even can occur dangerous time serious; (3) block the mesh on breeding cage, reduce dissolved oxygen and food concentrations in breeding cage, affect the growth of scallop; (4) filter-feeding such as Ascidian and mussel fouling organism and scallop compete bait, reduce growth rate and the coefficient of condition of scallop.
At present, the fouling organism on scallop cage and shell, removes mainly through falling the physical means such as cage or clear cage, but this method needs a large amount of labours, greatly increase aquaculture cost, and the aerial exposure of scallop can be increased, considerably increase the lethality of scallop; And adopt the chemical method of antifouling paint, not only expensive, and noxious material pollution of marine environment can be distributed in seawater.
Biological method utilizes different biological feeding habits and behavioural characteristic to remove aufwuch, has efficient, environmental protection and do not increase the advantage of aquaculture cost.Therefore, one is set up in research can remove fouling organism on scallop cultivation cage and shell by high-efficient cleaning, do not increase aquaculture cost, and it is very unnecessary and urgent not produce to environment the biological control method polluted again.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency existed for the above prior art, provide a kind of utilize sea urchin to remove fouling organism on scallop cultivation cage and shell mariculture scallop cage and shell on the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on mariculture scallop cage and shell, raises together with sea urchin, be built into " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system in scallop cage.In composite culture system, sea urchin and scallop are not preyed on mutually; Sea urchin takes food algae in fouling community etc. as bait, does not therefore need extra bait throwing in, does not increase cost; The climbing behavior of sea urchin also can stop attachment and the growth of the part fouling organism young, reduces the quantity of the fouling organism on breeding cage and scallop shell.
The preferred horsedung sea urchin of described sea urchin.
Often cultivate chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 and raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin; Often cultivate Patinopecten yessoensis 10, raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin.
Ocean temperature is 20.6-22.5 DEG C.
Described scallop cultivation cage can be the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, is divided into 10 layers with black rubber dish, floor height 20cm, every layer of cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 or Patinopecten yessoensis 10; Raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin for every layer.Preferably, every layer of foster 1 horsedung sea urchin also can play very good effect.
Described scallop cage hanging is on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is about 2.5m.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) aquaculture cost that cleaning aufwuch increases, is reduced: the present invention utilizes feeding habit and the behavioural characteristic of sea urchin, removes the fouling organism on scallop cultivation cage and shell; Reduce cage and the human cost needed for clear cage, also reduce the use of breeding cage, reduce facility cost, improve fanning economics;
(2), improve the growth rate of scallop, oil recovery enhancement: sea urchin removes the fouling organism reduced on breeding cage, increases the current by breeding cage, and then improve the concentration of dissolved oxygen and suspended particulate substance in breeding cage, promote the growth of scallop; In addition, sea urchin, by directly taking food or climbing behavior, reduces attachment and the quantity of filter-feeding fouling organism, reduces these biologies with scallop to the competition of bait, and then improves the coefficient of condition of scallop, improve product quality, finally improve fanning economics;
(3) a kind of sea urchin cultural method of low cost, is provided: application the present invention raises together with sea urchin in scallop cage, do not need bait of throwing something and feeding, do not need extra infrastructure hardware to drop into, while results scallop, can gather in the crops sea urchin yet, greatly improve cultivation efficiency and benefit yet;
(4), improve survival rate and the fanning economics of sea urchin cultivation: it is the important breeding way of current sea urchin that the end is broadcast, though bottom sowing culture sea urchin does not also need bait throwing in, but harmful organisms can prey on sea urchin in environment, be lowered into motility rate, and the rate of recapture of general bottom sowing culture is only about 30%--50%; Sea urchin cultivation in scallop cage, is avoided the destruction of harmful organisms, and the sea urchin of cultivation all can be regained, have higher cultivation efficiency and good economic benefit by the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For fouling organism weight on breeding cage at the end of experiment, (data represent with mean+SD (n=5) Fig. 1-1; Different letter represents significant difference (P<0.05));
For fouling organism weight on shell at the end of experiment, (data represent with mean+SD (n=5) Fig. 1-2; Different letter represents significant difference (P<0.05)).
Fig. 2-1 is that (data represent with mean+SD (n=5) for the survival rate of scallop under different disposal; Different letter represents significant difference (P<0.05));
Fig. 2-2 is that (data represent with mean+SD (n=5) the long growth rate of shell; Different letter represents significant difference (P<0.05));
Fig. 2-3 is that (data represent with mean+SD (n=5) soft tissue growth rate; Different letter represents significant difference (P<0.05)).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example and accompanying drawing, the present invention is further elaborated, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, according to foregoing of the present invention, in conjunction with common technique knowledge and the conventional techniques means of this area, not departing under the present invention's above-mentioned basic fundamental thought prerequisite, the amendment of other various ways, replacement or change can be derived.
On mariculture scallop cage and shell, a bioscrubbing method for fouling organism, raises together with sea urchin, is built into " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system in scallop cage.Described " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system is exactly in scallop cage, raise together with sea urchin in the ratio of certain cultured scallop.In composite culture system, sea urchin and scallop are not preyed on mutually; Sea urchin takes food algae in fouling community etc. as bait, does not therefore need extra bait throwing in, does not increase cost; The climbing behavior of sea urchin also can stop attachment and the growth of the part fouling organism young, reduces the quantity of the fouling organism on breeding cage and scallop shell.The preferred horsedung sea urchin of described sea urchin, its elimination effect is best.Often cultivate chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 and raise together with 1 horsedung sea urchin; Often cultivate Patinopecten yessoensis 10, raise together with 1 horsedung sea urchin.Or, often cultivate chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 and raise together with 2 horsedung sea urchins; Often cultivate Patinopecten yessoensis 10, raise together with 2 horsedung sea urchins.Wherein, the ocean temperature of cultivation is 20.6-22.5 DEG C.Described scallop cultivation cage can be the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, is divided into 10 layers with black rubber dish, floor height 20cm, every layer of cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 or Patinopecten yessoensis 10; Raise together with 2 horsedung sea urchins for every layer.Or, support 1 horsedung sea urchin for every layer and also can play very good effect.Described scallop cage hanging is on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is about 2.5m.
Compliance test result is tested
Validity check process of the present invention and method as follows:
Experimental period: the 6-9 month that field experiment grows prosperity the most at fouling organism carries out, checks the fouling organism effect on breeding cage in horsedung sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus removing chlamys farreri Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis Patinopecten yessoensis breeding process and shell.Experimental session ocean temperature is 20.6-22.5 DEG C.
Bioorganism and cultivating condition: scallop cultivation cage is the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, is divided into 10 layers (Fig. 1-1), floor height 20cm with black rubber dish, every layer of cultivation chlamys farreri 30 or Patinopecten yessoensis 10.Experiment horsedung sea urchin diameter (mean value ± S.D.) is 49.5 ± 3.6mm, and the shell long (mean value ± S.D.) of chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis is respectively 52.8 ± 2.6mm and 57.5 ± 2.4mm.Experimental group breeding cage, raise together with 1 horsedung sea urchin for every layer, control group does not raise together with sea urchin; Experimental group and control group respectively establish 3 repetitions.The hanging of scallop cage is on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is about 2.5m.
Growth result is checked: growth and the survival condition of measuring sea urchin at the end of experiment; From every breeding cage, get 10 chlamys farreris or 5 Patinopecten yessoensis at random, after measuring shell length, be separated soft tissue, dry at 65 DEG C, weigh software dry weight.
Fouling organism elimination effect is checked: all fouling organisms on peel test group and control group breeding cage, weighs the weight in wet base comparing fouling organism, and inspection sea urchin is to the elimination effect of fouling organism on breeding cage; From each breeding cage, get 10 chlamys farreris or 5 Patinopecten yessoensis at random, be separated fouling organism on shell, weigh the weight of fouling organism, inspection sea urchin is to the elimination effect of fouling organism on Patinopecten yessoensis shell.
Adopt the method for t-inspection, whether the scallop growth of comparative experiments group and control group and fouling organism quantity exist significant difference, and significant difference level is set to 0.05, adopt Statistica6.0(Statsoft, Tulsa, OK, USA). software carries out statistical analysis.In order to avoid puppet repeats, by fouling organism quantity on the scallop that samples in each breeding cage or shell, instead of the growth of each scallop (or on shell fouling organism quantity) is as a sample (Hurlbert, 1984).
Result of the test:
(1) fouling organism elimination effect.
Sea urchin has significant elimination effect to fouling organism on breeding cage.After experiment beginning only 1 month, on experimental group scallop cultivation cage, the area coverage of fouling organism obviously reduces, and especially the quantity of red algae significantly declines.At the end of experiment, raise together with the quantity of fouling organism on the experimental group chlamys farreri of sea urchin and Patinopecten yessoensis breeding cage all lower than the control group (Fig. 1-1) of not raising together with sea urchin, on experimental group two kinds of scallop cultivation cages, fouling organism weight decreases 638 and 632g respectively, reduces about 32.4-32.9% than control group (be respectively 1940 and 1953g).
Sea urchin also has significant elimination effect to fouling organism on shell.To raise together with in the experimental group breeding cage of sea urchin fouling organism on Patinopecten yessoensis shell and, significantly lower than control group, decrease about 62.35% than control group, illustrate that sea urchin effectively can remove the fouling organism on Patinopecten yessoensis shell.
(2) growth of sea urchin and survival condition.
The survival rate of experimental group and control group sea urchin is 100%, and at the end of experiment, the diameter of sea urchin increases by 1.3 ± 0.2mm, weight in wet base balanced growth 2.0 ± 0.3g.
(3) growth of scallop and survival condition.The survival rate of experimental group and control group scallop is all higher than 95%(Fig. 2-1).The scallop shell of raising together with the experimental group of sea urchin grows tall in control group (Fig. 2-2).Have the soft tissue dry weight of the experimental group scallop of sea urchin also higher than control group (Fig. 2-3), the soft tissue dry weight of experimental group chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis, respectively to control group high 0.23 and 0.22g, is equivalent to 12.6% and 18.9%.
Result of the test confirms, the biological control method of fouling organism on the scallop cultivation cage of invention and shell, effectively can remove the fouling organism on breeding cage and scallop shell, reduce and artificially remove fouling organism, reduce clear cage or fall cage coercing scallop, improve the survival rate of scallop and growth rate (Fig. 2).In addition, the invention a kind of method of many trophic level integrated culture scallop and sea urchin, does not need to increase facility and bait cost, can gather in the crops sea urchin while cultured scallop.To sum up, the present invention can reduce scallop culture cost greatly, significantly improves fanning economics.
The present invention can summarize with other the concrete form without prejudice to spirit of the present invention or principal character.The above embodiment of the present invention all can only be thought explanation of the present invention instead of restriction, every above embodiment is done according to substantial technological of the present invention any trickle amendment, equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a mariculture scallop cage and shell, it is characterized in that, sea urchin is raised together with in scallop cage, be built into " scallop-sea urchin " composite culture system, described sea urchin is horsedung sea urchin, described scallop is chlamys farreri, bay scallop, Chlamys nobilis or Patinopecten yessoensis, often cultivates chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 and raises together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin; Often cultivate Patinopecten yessoensis 10, raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin.
2., according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage according to claim 1 and shell, it is characterized in that, ocean temperature is 20.6-22.5 DEG C.
3. according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage according to claim 1 and shell, it is characterized in that, described scallop cage is the cylindrical cylinder mould of diameter 30cm, 10 layers are divided into black rubber dish, floor height 20cm, every layer of cultivation chlamys farreri, bay scallop or Chlamys nobilis 30 or Patinopecten yessoensis 10; Raise together with 1-2 horsedung sea urchin for every layer.
4. according to the bioscrubbing method of fouling organism on a kind of mariculture scallop cage according to claim 1 and shell, it is characterized in that, described scallop cage hanging is on buoyant raft, and the degree of depth is 2.5m.
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| CN104335933A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-02-11 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for removing fouling organisms in cultured abalone |
| CN113557994A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-10-29 | 华南农业大学 | Shellfish breeding cage and method for removing fouling organisms of shellfish breeding cage |
| CN114467815A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-13 | 烟台市海洋经济研究院(烟台市渔业技术推广站、烟台市海洋捕捞增殖管理站) | Mariculture prevents and removes off biological farming systems |
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| NO320012B1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2005-10-10 | Praktisk Teknologi As | System for disposal and storage of benthic organisms, in an aquatic environment and procedures for handling containers for storage of such organisms |
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| CN1720790A (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-18 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of shallow sea shellfish |
| CN101731169B (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2012-05-23 | 山东大学 | Inflation and exhaust type buoy lifting shellfish culture raft frame |
| CN102007881A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-04-13 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for cultivating pinctada martensi |
| CN102100199A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-06-22 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Method for culturing one-year patinopecten yesoensis |
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