CN103403129B - α-氨基醚用于从烃中除去硫化氢的用途 - Google Patents
α-氨基醚用于从烃中除去硫化氢的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103403129B CN103403129B CN201180034667.8A CN201180034667A CN103403129B CN 103403129 B CN103403129 B CN 103403129B CN 201180034667 A CN201180034667 A CN 201180034667A CN 103403129 B CN103403129 B CN 103403129B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen sulfide
- alpha
- scavenger
- fluid
- hydrocarbon fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydroxyalkyl triazine Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N corticosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYWRDHBGMCXGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazinane Chemical class C1CNNNC1 OYWRDHBGMCXGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001260 acyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010762 marine fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 231100001160 nonlethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/20—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/148—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
- C07C7/152—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by forming adducts or complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/207—Acid gases, e.g. H2S, COS, SO2, HCN
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/836,037 US20120012507A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2010-07-14 | Use of alpha-amino ethers for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from hydrocarbons |
| US12/836,037 | 2010-07-14 | ||
| PCT/US2011/043793 WO2012009396A2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2011-07-13 | Use of alpha-amino ethers for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from hydrocarbons |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103403129A CN103403129A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
| CN103403129B true CN103403129B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
Family
ID=45466088
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180034667.8A Active CN103403129B (zh) | 2010-07-14 | 2011-07-13 | α-氨基醚用于从烃中除去硫化氢的用途 |
Country Status (12)
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8663457B2 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2014-03-04 | General Electric Company | Methods and compounds for improving sulfide scavenging activity |
| US9108899B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2015-08-18 | General Electric Company | Sulfide scavengers, methods for making and methods for using |
| US9278307B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2016-03-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Synergistic H2 S scavengers |
| US9638018B2 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-05-02 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Scavenging hydrogen sulfide |
| AU2013361683B2 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2018-06-14 | Nalco Company | Functionalized hydrogen sulfide scavengers |
| BR112015011232B1 (pt) | 2012-12-19 | 2021-07-06 | Ecolab Usa Inc | método de tratamento por compressão para eliminação de sulfeto de hidrogênio em um fluido de produção |
| EP3470390B1 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2023-06-07 | Ecolab USA Inc. | Hydrogen sulfide scavengers |
| US9663390B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2017-05-30 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Reduction of hydrogen sulfide and/or malodor gassing from water via the addition of peroxyacetic acid/hydrogen peroxide product |
| US9719030B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2017-08-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Epoxide-based hydrogen sulfide scavengers |
| US9273254B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2016-03-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Amino acetals and ketals as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan scavengers |
| US9458393B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2016-10-04 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Hydantoins as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan scavengers |
| CN107438601B (zh) | 2015-04-22 | 2020-11-13 | 艺康美国股份有限公司 | 开发用于去除硫化氢的高温稳定清除剂 |
| US10584286B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2020-03-10 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Hydrogen sulfide scavengers |
| US10513662B2 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2019-12-24 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Functionalized aldehydes as H2S and mercaptan scavengers |
| BR112019017507A2 (pt) * | 2017-05-12 | 2020-03-31 | Kuraray Co., Ltd | Dispositivo para a remoção de composto contendo enxofre e método para a remoção de composto contendo enxofre |
| WO2018218641A1 (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-06 | General Electric Company | Method of mitigation of tramp amines in application of h2s scavengers |
| EP3652274A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 | 2020-05-20 | Ecolab USA, Inc. | Method of removing a sulfur containing compound by adding a composition |
| US11499108B2 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2022-11-15 | Championx Usa Inc. | Complete removal of solids during hydrogen sulfide scavenging operations using a scavenger and a Michael acceptor |
| WO2024064067A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-28 | Championx Llc | Compositions and methods for scavenging sulfur-containing compounds |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4556546A (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1985-12-03 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Bis tertiary amino alkyl derivatives as solvents for acid gas removal from gas streams |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4057403A (en) * | 1973-10-29 | 1977-11-08 | Fluor Corporation | Gas treating process |
| US4405582A (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1983-09-20 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process for selective removal of H2 S from mixtures containing H22 using diaminoether solutions |
| US4618481A (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1986-10-21 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Absorbent composition containing a severely hindered amino compound and an amine salt and process for the absorption of H2 S using the same |
| CA2007965C (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1996-02-27 | Jerry J. Weers | Suppression of the evolution of hydrogen sulfide gases from petroleum residua |
| CA2017047C (en) * | 1989-08-01 | 1999-08-17 | Jerry J. Weers | Method of scavenging hydrogen sulfide from hydrocarbons |
| CA2148849A1 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1995-12-24 | Kishan Bhatia | Method of treating sour gas and liquid hydrocarbons |
| NO982505L (no) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-07 | Nalco Exxon Energy Chem Lp | Sammensetning og fremgangsmÕte for avsvovling av gassformige eller flytende hydrokarboner, vandige systemer og blandinger derav |
| GB2391015B (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2004-12-22 | Clearwater Int Llc | Treatment of hydrocarbons containing sulfides |
| CA2618499C (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2013-08-20 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Alkylamino alkyloxy (alcohol) monoalkyl ether for acid gas scrubbing process |
| RU2349627C2 (ru) * | 2005-10-27 | 2009-03-20 | Ахматфаиль Магсумович Фахриев | Средство для удаления сероводорода и/или низкомолекулярных меркаптанов и способ его использования |
| BRPI0808265A2 (pt) * | 2008-09-02 | 2019-09-24 | Gen Electric | "método para reduzir a quantidade de sulfeto de hidrogênio presente em óleo bruto" |
| US9394396B2 (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2016-07-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Hydrogen sulfide scavenger for use in hydrocarbons |
-
2010
- 2010-07-14 US US12/836,037 patent/US20120012507A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-07-13 AR ARP110102515A patent/AR082165A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-07-13 CN CN201180034667.8A patent/CN103403129B/zh active Active
- 2011-07-13 RU RU2013102414/04A patent/RU2563633C2/ru active
- 2011-07-13 BR BR112013000890A patent/BR112013000890A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-07-13 SG SG2013002993A patent/SG187078A1/en unknown
- 2011-07-13 MX MX2013000507A patent/MX2013000507A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-07-13 KR KR1020137003671A patent/KR20130047739A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-13 JP JP2013519783A patent/JP5890409B2/ja active Active
- 2011-07-13 CA CA2805404A patent/CA2805404C/en active Active
- 2011-07-13 EP EP20110807425 patent/EP2593535A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-13 WO PCT/US2011/043793 patent/WO2012009396A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4556546A (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1985-12-03 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Bis tertiary amino alkyl derivatives as solvents for acid gas removal from gas streams |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20130047739A (ko) | 2013-05-08 |
| WO2012009396A3 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
| JP5890409B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
| AR082165A1 (es) | 2012-11-14 |
| EP2593535A4 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
| BR112013000890A2 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
| JP2013531728A (ja) | 2013-08-08 |
| RU2013102414A (ru) | 2014-08-20 |
| RU2563633C2 (ru) | 2015-09-20 |
| US20120012507A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| EP2593535A2 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
| WO2012009396A2 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| CN103403129A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
| SG187078A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
| CA2805404A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| CA2805404C (en) | 2018-11-27 |
| MX2013000507A (es) | 2013-02-27 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |