CN103391851B - 用于制造多层数据载体的方法以及通过所述方法制造的数据载体 - Google Patents

用于制造多层数据载体的方法以及通过所述方法制造的数据载体 Download PDF

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CN103391851B
CN103391851B CN201280005713.6A CN201280005713A CN103391851B CN 103391851 B CN103391851 B CN 103391851B CN 201280005713 A CN201280005713 A CN 201280005713A CN 103391851 B CN103391851 B CN 103391851B
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斯特凡·埃利
海丁·威德默·格姆雷斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造多层数据载体的方法，所述数据载体包含由塑料制成并具有顶面的第一层，在所述顶面上布置有部分地覆盖该顶面的不透明层，例如金属层。所述数据载体具有由塑料制成的第二层，其布置在第一层上并且至少在所述金属层的子区域上是透明的。用激光部分地移除所述金属层，直到所述金属层具有至少一个缺口。所述金属层优选地层叠在第一塑料层和第二塑料层之间。

Description

用于制造多层数据载体的方法以及通过所述方法制造的数据载体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分所述的方法。
为了保护具有个性化数据的数据载体，例如身份证、护照、驾驶执照、银行卡等，以各种不同的方式使用安全特性。各种用于保护不含个性化数据的空白卡的安全特性是现有技术中已知的。然而，情况常常是这样的，伪造者不伪造完整的卡片，而是修改或替换例如偷来的卡片上的个性化数据(照片、生日、签名、姓名等)。因此，这些个性化数据的保护是非常重要的。例如，从现有技术中知道的用于保护这类数据的技术是在透镜结构中个性化第二图像，如此使得所述图像仅在特定的观察角度下是可见的。引入第二图像的另一可能性是通过在卡片上打孔将矩阵图像引入到所述卡片中。这些制造方法比较复杂，并且在卡片制造过程中需要特殊的设备(透镜结构)，或者特殊的机器用于引入第二图像。本发明提供一种方法，其中个性化信息可以以直接的方式进行保护而不需要额外的机器。
现有技术
EP 1691 989 B1公开了一种数据载体，其包括布置在两个半透明的覆盖层(透光率小于10%)之间的金属层。意在通过使用激光束烧蚀金属层来产生“水印”效果。
EP 2 109 014 A1公开了在一侧上具有全息层的所谓的可用激光处理的聚碳酸酯上覆层。全息层可以被金属化，并用激光部分地烧蚀。
WO 2009/139800公开了一种安全文档，其包含在整个表面上层叠在透明层之间的金属化薄片。薄片的大部分被改变/印刷以形成卡片背景。薄片的窗口保持未改变。在卡片制造之后，通过激光烧蚀将从卡片的正面和后面均可见的图像引入到该窗口中。
EP 0 420 261涉及一种用于制造一系列包含全息图的数据载体的方法，其中所述全息图通过衍射结构的部分地破坏或改变而个性化。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于制造数据载体的方法，所述数据载体被更好地保护以免于未授权的修改。然而，意在经济地制造数据载体。所述目的根据权利要求1来实现。
本发明具体地涉及一种热塑性塑料(例如聚碳酸酯、PVC、PET-G)的多层数据载体。根据本发明的一个改进，优选地金属化的薄层部分地施加到层中的一个上。例如该金属化层可以是气相沉积的，通过热冲压施加的，或与载体层(例如PET)层叠在一起在数据载体的两个层之间。金属化层有利地薄于4μm，在理想的情况下薄于1μm。如果其与载体层层叠在一起，那么载体应不厚于50μm，在理想的情况下约20μm或更薄。金属化层可以包含全息衍射结构。金属化层由例如铝构成，但是可以设想其他金属例如钛。用于将金属层施加到热塑性塑料薄片上的技术对本领域技术人员来说是已知的。热塑性塑料薄片有利地厚于50μm，在理想的情况下为100μm或更厚。
然后，部分地施加有金属层的层与卡片的其他层层叠在一起以形成卡片主体。在这种情况下，施加有金属的层用至少一个另外的透明层覆盖。其上施加有金属的层可以是透明的或不透明的。
在卡片的个性化过程中，也就是说当将持卡人的数据写到卡片上时，于是使用激光部分地烧蚀，即蒸发金属层。在激光轰击金属的位置处，金属片蒸发并且在金属中形成凹口。因此，可以使用激光将文本或矩阵图像写到金属片内。对于该过程，可以使用与用于从现有技术知道的数据载体个性化的激光相同类型的激光(依靠致黑进行激光标刻)。然而，还可以使用波长不同的激光。
当金属层蒸发后，通过留在金属层中的空隙金属层下的薄片是可见的。根据该薄片是否透明，在金属层中形成的图像在透视(在透明片的情况下)或直视(在不透明片的情况下)下是最佳地可见的。由于金属层的反射行为，根据视觉角度图像在直视下可以作为“阳文”(暗的)或“阴文”(亮的)被看到。
根据本发明的一个改进，在施加金属层之前在薄片上印刷颜色，以使得在金属层烧蚀之后，通过金属层中的空隙所述颜色是可见的，并提供特定效果。
根据本发明的一个改进，将金属层引入到数据载体的透明窗口上或施加到数据载体的透明窗口中，以使得烧蚀得到的图像在透视下可见，但是数据载体的其余部分包括不透明的芯层。
根据本发明的一个改进，用具有特定添加剂的薄的不透明塑料层替代金属层，该添加剂在暴露期间使不透明塑料层改性，使其变得透明或至少半透明。该添加剂例如是在暴露于激光时被破坏的颜料。这样的颜料对本领域技术人员来说是已知的。可以用半结晶的不透明塑料，其中以微晶排布的大分子由于激光辐射的热输入而转变为非晶且透明的结构，来替代着色的塑料。
例如，不透明的塑料层可以通过已知技术作为共挤出的薄片或单独的薄片引入到卡片结构中。
附图简述
下面会借助附图更加详细地说明本发明的示例性实施方案，在附图中：
图1示意性示出了根据本发明的数据载体的平面图。
图2示出了横穿根据本发明的数据载体的截面图。
图3示出了横穿根据本发明一个变体的数据载体的截面图。
图4示出了横穿根据另一变体的数据载体的截面图。
优选示例性实施方案的描述
图1示出了数据载体1，根据图2其包括不透明的芯薄片7、下透明覆盖片8和上透明覆盖片6。金属层被施加到芯薄片7的顶面14上，例如是气相沉积的或通过热冲压施加的。在下文中，金属层也指金属化层或含金属的层。这样的层是本身已知的。它们比较薄，例如厚度为4微米，优选地小于1微米。金属片也可以形成为全息图。覆盖片6、芯薄片7和下覆盖片8通过层叠以本身已知的方式结合。于是金属层5相应地位于芯薄片7和覆盖片6之间。使用激光设备，金属层被移除，使得例如烧蚀得到的第二图像3和烧蚀得到的第二文本4形成，如图1所示。它们优选地由金属层5中的凹口形成。通过这些凹口不透明芯薄片是可见的。在施加金属层之前，可以在金属层区域中或金属层区域下方对不透明芯薄片进行印刷。于是相应地可以以一个色调看到第二图像3和第二文本4。然后，第二文本4因此显现例如蓝色或红色。
根据图3的数据载体具有芯薄片7'，其包含其上施加有例如气相沉积有金属层5'的透明片9。在这种情况下，经烧蚀的区域从两侧都是可见的，也就是说，在图3中从上方通过覆盖片6，从下方通过覆盖片8均可见。
图4示出了数据载体1'，其包含具有透明片13的芯薄片12，所述透明片13包含第一金属层10和第二金属层11。这两个金属层10和11可以同样地是气相沉积的或通过热冲压施加的。这两个金属片10和11彼此间隔一定距离，例如间隔至少50微米，或优选地100或更多微米。在使用激光烧蚀过程中，如所示的，数据载体1'以预定角度A倾斜放置。烧蚀在这两个金属层10和11中进行。如果由于激光强度不能从卡片的同一侧烧蚀这两个金属层10和11，那么也可以在数据载体1'的后面和前面预期两个匹配的激光加工。在这种情况下，分别加工紧挨着的金属层10或11。通过与激光加工之前相同的数据载体1'的放置，激光烧蚀得到的图像在透视下仅在相应的视觉角度是可见的。还可以设想以彼此不同的角度激光烧蚀两个不同的图像，由此在以不同角度观察的过程中得到这两个图像或这两个金属层10和11之间倾斜的效果。如可以看到的，芯层12可以被固定，或者特别地被层叠在两个层或覆盖片之间。
附图标记列表
1 数据载体
2 金属片
3 烧蚀得到的第二图像
4 烧蚀得到的第二文本
5 金属层
6 覆盖片
7 不透明的芯薄片
8 透明的覆盖片
9 透明片
10 第一金属片
11 第二金属片
12 芯薄片
13 透明片
14 顶面

Claims (17)

1.一种用于制造多层数据载体的方法，所述多层数据载体具有第一层，所述第一层包含顶面，在所述顶面上布置有部分地覆盖该顶面的不透明层，所述多层数据载体具有第二层，所述第二层布置在第一层上并且至少在所述不透明层的子区域上是透明的，其中使用激光部分地移除所述不透明层，直到所述不透明层具有至少一个凹口，并且其中所述不透明层是金属层，其特征在于所述第一层和所述第二层是塑料的，并且将通过所述激光处理的所述不透明层布置在另外的至少区域性不透明的芯层的窗口中。
2.权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述不透明层层叠在所述第一层和所述第二层之间。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中提供所述窗口的不透明的芯层是在所述第一层和所述第二层之间的芯层。
4.权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据载体是用彼此平行地叠置的至少两个金属层制造的，并且所述至少两个金属层均提供有凹口。
5.权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，使所述至少两个金属层相对于它们的平面垂直地或相对于它们的平面倾斜地暴露，使得所述凹口相对于所述平面垂直地或倾斜地延伸。
6.权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少两个金属层布置为彼此间隔开。
7.权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述至少两个金属层布置在不透明的芯层的窗口中。
8.权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述不透明的芯层层叠在两个透明片之间。
9.一种数据载体，其是根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法制造的。
10.权利要求9所述的数据载体，其特征在于，所述数据载体是身份证、护照中的页、或信用卡。
11.权利要求9或10所述的数据载体，其特征在于，不透明层是金属层，所述金属层是气相沉积到薄片上的、通过热冲压施加的、或与载体层层叠在一起的。
12.权利要求9或10所述的数据载体，其特征在于，金属层薄于4微米。
13.权利要求9或10所述的数据载体，其特征在于，金属层薄于1微米。
14.权利要求9或10所述的数据载体，其特征在于，在两个金属层的情况下，它们彼此间隔开至少50微米的距离。
15.权利要求9或10所述的数据载体，其特征在于，在两个金属层的情况下，它们彼此间隔开至少100微米的距离。
16.权利要求9或10所述的数据载体，其特征在于，经所述激光烧蚀的区域从所述数据载体的两侧都是可见的。
17.权利要求9所述的数据载体，其特征在于，由于所述金属层的反射行为，当观看时，根据视觉角度图像作为阳文或阴文被看到。
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