CN103388821A - Gangue fuel low-speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Gangue fuel low-speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN103388821A CN103388821A CN2013103363445A CN201310336344A CN103388821A CN 103388821 A CN103388821 A CN 103388821A CN 2013103363445 A CN2013103363445 A CN 2013103363445A CN 201310336344 A CN201310336344 A CN 201310336344A CN 103388821 A CN103388821 A CN 103388821A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gangue fuel low-speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler, belonging to the technical field of improvement of boiler combustion. The boiler comprises a boiler body, an upper hearth, a lower hearth, water-cooled walls, an air distribution chamber and the like, wherein a cyclone separator, a boiler tail flue, an external heat exchanger, a superheater and an economizer are arranged at the upper hearth of the boiler body; the lower hearth and the upper hearth of the boiler are connected in taper shape, four walls of the lower hearth are provided with the water-cooled walls, the air distribution chamber is arranged at the bottom of the lower hearth, a hood is arranged on an air distribution plate in the air distribution chamber, and a buried pipe is arranged at the upper part of the air distribution plate. According to the invention, by utilizing the structure of the low-speed bubbling fluidized bed, particles of gangue and carbonic shale form a particle bed layer on the air distribution plate to carry out fluidization and swelling and reach a critical flow state, and a great quantity of bubbles are generated in the bed layer, so that calorific gangue hard to combust and utilize are sufficiently utilized, and the problems of utilization of waste of gangue and carbonic shale and pollution to the environment are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler, belong to boiler combustion and improve technical field.
Background technology
Gangue is the solid waste that discharges in coal mining process and coal washing process, be a kind of lower with the phosphorus content of coal seam association in coalification course, than the hard black gray expandable rock of coal.Comprise the spoil of washing of choosing the spoil of extraction in top board, base plate and interlayer in digging gangue in the tunnelling process, mining process and coal washing process.Its main component is Al
2O
3, SiO
2
At present, China also is in development and conceptual phase to the utilization of gangue.A large amount of gangues are thrown aside, not only take tract, and the sulfide in gangue is overflowed or the meeting of leaching atmosphere pollution, farmland and water body; Hillock also can the spontaneous combustion breaking out of fire, or, in the avalanche in rainy season, silts river up and cause disaster.According to statistics, China accumulates gangue and reaches more than 1,000,000,000 tons, also will discharge 100,000,000 tons of gangues every year.
Development and utilization gangue and carbonaceous shale are made thermal power generation fuel, not only waste resource is fully utilized, the slag that generating produces can be all as cement additive, meet green, environmental protection, energy-conservation fundamental state policy and the operational mode of recycling economy, and coal-fired resource is withered calls on to overcoming, weaken the restriction that the fuel factor is produced thermoelectricity, reduce production costs and will play positive, important effect.
For pollution abatement, effective utilization to the gangue waste material, also there is enterprise to start gangue is used for generating, but existing method is mainly to adopt fluidized bed furnace, use is washed middle coal and is washed the generating of cash multifuel combustion, can not be separately take the gangue waste material as combustion material, the CFBB of common power plant can't be more combustion material with the gangue waste material.Its reason is, 1, Load of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler only can reach 80～90T/h, and fluidized-bed temperature is difficult to stablize; 2, gangue, culm, because ash is heavy, phosphorus content is low, heat is low, can produce a large amount of returning charges and cause separator to stop up during burning, the problem that the not smooth Ge of returning charge collapses often occurs; 3, the temperature of CFBB smoke evacuation is up to 170～180 ℃, and the flue gas of boiler does not have waste heat recovery, and because the radiation and convection of chimney outer wall causes thermal pollution to a large amount of heat leakages in the workshop surrounding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, providing a kind of improves by the burner hearth fluid bed to CFBB, furnace water cooling wall construction and furnace wall etc., change the combustion system of existing CFBB, make the state of gangue grain with the class quasi-fluid, form particle layers and carry out fluidisation and expansion on air distribution plate, reach critical fluidized state, and in bed, a large amount of bubblings occur, can adopt low-calorie gangue, culm lower than 1000kcal/kg is fuel.Thoroughly solve the coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler that existing CFBB can't carry out the low heating value coal gangue combustion problem.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by the following technical solutions:
This coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler consists of body of heater, upper furnace, cyclone separator, boiler back end ductwork, external heat exchanger, superheater, economizer, scum pipe, charging aperture, cyclone separator and boiler back end ductwork are equipped with in the top of body of heater, in the outlet of boiler back end ductwork, external heat exchanger is housed, external heat exchanger is connected with economizer with superheater; The bottom of body of heater is manufactured with lower furnace; Eight charging apertures are housed on the left and right wall in the middle part of body of heater and front wall, the discharging point of charging aperture communicates with lower furnace, scum pipe is housed below lower furnace, it is characterized in that: described upper furnace is connected with lower furnace is tapered, on the wall of lower furnace, water-cooling wall is housed, the bottom of lower furnace is manufactured with air compartment, and the junction of lower furnace and air compartment is manufactured with air distribution plate; Be furnished with blast cap on air distribution plate, blast cap adopts arranged in squares on air distribution plate, and spacing is 70mm, and blast cap is divided into two kinds, six wind holes and eight wind holes, the blast cap in air distribution plate surrounding one circle and eight wind holes of cold cinder notch arranged around, the blast cap in all the other six wind holes of layout; Pipe laying is equipped with on the top of air distribution plate, and pipe laying is the oblique layout of both ends high, middle low, and two of pipe laying high-endly is connected with the water pipe of water-cooling wall, and two low sides of pipe laying connect by the pipe laying header.
Described discharging point is 2.85m apart from the height of air distribution plate; The blast cap that described air distribution plate is arranged above is 7144, and the wind bore dia on blast cap is 5.6mm.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
1, the present invention utilizes low speed bubbling fluidization bed structure, change the combustion system of existing CFBB, make gangue, culm stone grain is with the state of class quasi-fluid, form particle layers and carry out fluidisation and expansion on air distribution plate, reach critical fluidized state, and a large amount of bubblings occur in bed, realization is to lower than 1000kcal/kg gangue low in calories, the culm burning is used for thermal power generation, make and be difficult to the calorific value gangue that burns and utilize, culm is fully used, thoroughly solved gangue, culmiferous twice laid and to the pollution problem of environment,
2, fuel-feed open height of the present invention reaches 2.85m, and the burner hearth area reaches 32.7 ㎡, than large 14.7 ㎡ of same specification boiler furnace area; And set up 30 screens totally 90 pipe layings and forward and backward wall water screen tube; Bed surface is to be distributed with 7144 umbellate form blast caps above air distribution plate, the blast cap in air distribution plate surrounding one circle and eight wind holes of cold cinder notch arranged around, and with stiffened edge section bed material fluidisation, all the other arrange the blast cap in six wind holes; Make gangue abundant in the burner hearth internal combustion, thermal efficiency ratio same specification boiler improves 25% left and right, and its gross coal consumption rate reaches 2.235kg (gangue or culm)/kwh, and calorific value reaches approximately 1000kcal/kg.
3, fuel discharging point of the present invention is from traditional height of bringing up to 2.85m lower than 1.5m, arranged before making gangue, culm fuel enter the boiler bed body long preheating time, when greatly reducing coal gangue fuel and entering a bed body on the impact of bed temperature.Coal gangue fuel enters after a body through strong disturbance and mixing, is diffused at once in high warm material layer, is rapidly heated to ignition temperature, and ignition is fast.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler;
Fig. 2 is the front view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidization bed boiler furnace;
Fig. 3 is the side view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidization bed boiler furnace;
Fig. 4 is the front view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler cloth wind system;
Fig. 5 is the side view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler cloth wind system;
Fig. 6 is the top view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler cloth wind system;
Fig. 7 is the front view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler cloth air compartment;
Fig. 8 is the side view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler cloth air compartment;
Fig. 9 is the front view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed Wind cap for boiler;
Figure 10 is the top view of coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed Wind cap for boiler;
Figure 11 is that coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidization bed boiler water-cooling system and pipe laying are arranged
Front view;
Figure 12 is that coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidization bed boiler water-cooling system and pipe laying are arranged
Side view.
In figure: 1, body of heater, 2, upper furnace, 3, pipe laying, 4, air compartment, 5, blast cap, 6, water-cooling wall, 7, pipe laying header, 8, air distribution plate, 9, lower furnace, 10, discharging point, 11, cyclone separator, 12, boiler back end ductwork, 13, external heat exchanger, 14, superheater, 15, economizer, 16, scum pipe, 17, charging aperture, 18, the wind hole.
The specific embodiment
This coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler consists of body of heater 1, upper furnace 2, lower furnace 9, cyclone separator 11, boiler back end ductwork 12, external heat exchanger 13, superheater 14, economizer 15, scum pipe 16, charging aperture 17, cyclone separator 11 and boiler back end ductwork 12 are equipped with in the top of body of heater 1, external heat exchanger 13 is housed in the outlet of boiler back end ductwork 12, and external heat exchanger 13 is connected with economizer 15 with superheater 14; The bottom of body of heater 1 is manufactured with lower furnace 9; Eight charging apertures 17 are housed on the left and right wall in the middle part of body of heater 1 and front wall, and the discharging point of charging aperture 17 communicates with lower furnace 9, scum pipe 16 is housed below lower furnace 9.Described upper furnace 2 is connected with lower furnace 9 is tapered, makes the size of the fluid bed emulsion zone of lower furnace 9 strengthen 4970 mm * 3290 mm, and effective area is increased to 32.7m2, than original effective area, has increased by 14.7 ㎡.Water-cooling wall 6 is housed on the wall of lower furnace 9.The bottom of lower furnace 9 is manufactured with air compartment 4, and lower furnace 9 is manufactured with air distribution plate 8 with the junction of air compartment 4, and air distribution plate 8 is that two aerofoils form, and is furnished with blast cap 5 on air distribution plate 8; Blast cap 5 adopts arranged in squares on air distribution plate 8, spacing is 70mm, and blast cap 5 is divided into two kinds, six wind holes and eight wind holes, the blast cap 5 in air distribution plate 8 surroundings one circles and eight wind holes of cold cinder notch arranged around, the blast cap 5 in all the other six wind holes of layout; Pipe laying 3 is equipped with on the top of air distribution plate 8, and pipe laying 3 is the oblique layout of both ends high, middle low, and two high-end water pipes with water-cooling wall 6 of pipe laying 3 are connected, and two low sides of pipe laying 3 connect by pipe laying header 7.Described discharging point 10 is 2.85m apart from the height of air distribution plate 8; The blast cap 5 that described air distribution plate 8 is arranged above is 7144, and the diameter in the wind hole 18 on blast cap 5 is that 5.6mm(is referring to accompanying drawing 1～12).
The course of work of this coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler is as follows:
First gangue, culm are broken into the particle less than 10mm, join lower furnace 9 by discharging point 10 after charging aperture 17 is sent into.The air that the air compartment 4 of air distribution plate 8 belows of while lower furnace 9 bottoms sends into enters in lower furnace 9 through blast cap 5, make the flow velocity of air reach 3.76m/s, this moment, air stream made the wind speed in lower furnace 9 reach critical fludization velocity, in this air velocity downstream to the active force of coal gangue particle just and the mass balance of coal gangue particle, gangue, culmiferous particle namely form the coal gangue particle bed of similar fluid state, the coal gangue particle bed that is positioned on air distribution plate 8 starts fluidisation and expansion, reaches critical fluidized state.In particle layers, a large amount of bubbling phenomenons can occur.Occur by the bubble phase that contains the particle rareness in bed and contain the two-phase state that the numerous Emulsion Phase of particle forms.Bed stirs strong but still has the bed interface that significantly is fluctuation.The lower furnace 9 of gangue, culm particle certain altitude above air distribution plate 8 is interior seethes burning up and down.The gangue that newly adds, culm particle enter quantity than ignition rapidly in the boiling bed of self large decades of times, and the lime-ash of after-flame is discharged outside body of heater 1 by the overfall that is arranged in lower furnace 9.
The applicant is 2 * 2.5 ten thousand kilowatts by the installed capacity to our company, the improvement of the boiler of yearly productive capacity 2.3 hundred million kilowatt hours, and its consumption gangue, culm amount are 6.854 * 10
5Ton, its gross coal consumption rate is 2.98kg (gangue, culm)/kw.h.
It is as shown in the table for important technological parameters before and after its transformation.
Important technological parameters before and after coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler improvement
By top result as can be known, after transformation, boiler thermal output will improve 25% left and right, and its gross coal consumption rate reaches 2.235kg gangue/kwh, and its calorific value is: 4186KJ/kg is about 1000kcal/kg.Calculate according to moving 4600h every year, gross generation is: 50000kw * 4600h=2.3 * 10
8Kw.h;
Year is consumed the gangue amount: 2.3 * 10
8Kw.h * 2.235kg/kw.h ÷ 1000=5.1405 * 10
5t
The amount of Spring Festival holidays gangue: 6.854 * 10
5-5.1405 * 10
5=1.7135 * 10
5t。
The calorific value of getting gangue is 4186KJ/kg, is about 1000kcal/kg.
Amounting to the mark coal is: 1.7135 * 10
5* 1000kcal/kg ÷ 7000kcal/ kg=24478.6tce/a.
According to domestic similar power-plant operation situation, power plant accounts for 13～15% of generated energy from power consumption, and project gets 14%.Therefore, the application's year amount of energy saving is about: 24478.6 * (1-14%)=21051.6 tce/a.
The above is the specific embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned not illustrating is construed as limiting flesh and blood of the present invention, the person of an ordinary skill in the technical field can make an amendment or be out of shape the above-mentioned specific embodiment after having read this specification, and does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler, it consists of body of heater (1), upper furnace (2), cyclone separator (11), boiler back end ductwork (12), external heat exchanger (13), superheater (14), economizer (15), scum pipe (16), charging aperture (17), cyclone separator (11) and boiler back end ductwork (12) are equipped with in the top of body of heater (1), external heat exchanger (13) is housed in the outlet of boiler back end ductwork (12), and external heat exchanger (13) is connected with economizer (15) with superheater (14); The bottom of body of heater (1) is manufactured with lower furnace (9); On the left and right wall in middle part of body of heater (1) and front wall, eight charging apertures (17) are housed, the discharging point (10) of charging aperture (17) communicates with lower furnace (9), scum pipe (16) is housed below lower furnace (9), it is characterized in that: described upper furnace (2) and tapered connection of lower furnace (9), water-cooling wall (6) is housed on the wall of lower furnace (9), the bottom of lower furnace (9) is manufactured with air compartment (4), and lower furnace (9) is manufactured with air distribution plate (8) with the junction of air compartment (4); Be furnished with blast cap (5) on air distribution plate (8), blast cap (5) is in the upper arranged in squares that adopts of air distribution plate (8), spacing is 70mm, blast cap (5) is divided into two kinds, six wind holes and eight wind holes, the blast cap (5) in air distribution plate (8) surrounding one circle and eight wind holes of cold cinder notch arranged around, all the other arrange the blast cap (5) in six wind holes; Pipe laying (3) is equipped with on the top of air distribution plate (8), and pipe laying (3) is the oblique layout of both ends high, middle low, and two high-end water pipes with water-cooling wall (6) of pipe laying (3) are connected, and two low sides of pipe laying (3) connect by pipe laying header (7).
2. coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described discharging point (10) is 2.85m apart from the height of air distribution plate (8).
3. coal gangue fuel low speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the blast cap (5) that described air distribution plate (8) is arranged above is 7144, the diameter in the wind hole (18) on blast cap (5) is 5.6mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310336344.5A CN103388821B (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2013-08-05 | Gangue fuel low-speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN201310336344.5A CN103388821B (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2013-08-05 | Gangue fuel low-speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105444144A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-30 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | 300MWCFB boiler and distribution method for oil shale for combustion |
| CN107654990A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-02 | 苏州海陆重工股份有限公司 | A kind of vertical corner tube type bubbling bed boiler |
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| CN203431839U (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2014-02-12 | 湖北松源矸石发电有限公司 | Coal gangue fuel low-speed bubbling fluidized bed boiler |
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2013
- 2013-08-05 CN CN201310336344.5A patent/CN103388821B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5156099A (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1992-10-20 | Ebara Corporation | Composite recycling type fluidized bed boiler |
| CN1800708A (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2006-07-12 | 刘杰 | Fluidized bed boiler for burning gangue |
| CN2919034Y (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-04 | 夏正 | Natural circulation single fluidized bed boiler |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105444144A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-30 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | 300MWCFB boiler and distribution method for oil shale for combustion |
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| CN107654990A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-02 | 苏州海陆重工股份有限公司 | A kind of vertical corner tube type bubbling bed boiler |
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| CN103388821B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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