CN103376144A - 液位检测装置 - Google Patents

液位检测装置 Download PDF

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CN103376144A
CN103376144A CN2013101275632A CN201310127563A CN103376144A CN 103376144 A CN103376144 A CN 103376144A CN 2013101275632 A CN2013101275632 A CN 2013101275632A CN 201310127563 A CN201310127563 A CN 201310127563A CN 103376144 A CN103376144 A CN 103376144A
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川口泰典
加藤慎平
福原聪明
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Yazaki Corp
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
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    • G01F23/26Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
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    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
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    • G01F23/263Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
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    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
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Abstract

一种液位检测装置包括:第一检测部,该第一检测部具有在液罐以垂直方向延伸并且与地电极对置的第一电极,并且检测第一电极与地电极之间的第一静电电容;第二检测部,该第二检测部具有在所述液罐内以垂直方向延伸并且与地电极对置的第二电极,并且检测第二电极与地电极之间的第二静电电容;以及差计算部,该差计算部计算由第一检测部检测到的第一静电电容与由第二检测部检测到的第二静电电容之差,作为电容差,并且确定液罐内的液位是否高于警报阈值。

Description

液位检测装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于检测液罐中液体的液位的液位检测装置。
背景技术
传统上,已知一种液位检测装置,其利用由气体的静电电容与液体的静电电容之差检测液位的静电电容方法检测液罐中的液体的液位(请参见JP-A-S63-079016和日本专利号1705257)。
在JP-A-S63-079016中,公开了由始终浸在液体中的基准电极的电极之间的电容计算液体的介电常数,并且利用该介电常数,由叉齿电极的电极之间的电容检测液位。
在日本专利号1705257中,公开了利用不同长度的电极校正介电常数,并且如果液位变得低于规定液位,则警报灯亮起。
然而,传统的液位检测装置存在下面的问题。图6是示出传统液位检测装置中的液体渗漏状态的示意图。存在的问题是,如图6所示,当在电极111与112之间存在液体渗漏,或者由于气(汽)态导致气相部分内存在露滴或者液罐内存在结露时,当液面位于实际液位的上方时,液位检测装置100错误地检测,并且不使警报灯亮起。
同样存在当液罐内不同介电常数的液体被分离时不能精确地检测液面的问题。
鉴于上述情况创造了本发明,并且本发明的目的是提供一种即使当存在液体泄漏或者在液相部分存在露滴时,或者当不同介电常数的液体被分离时,能够精确地检测液位的液位检测装置。
发明内容
为了实现上面描述的目的,本发明的液位检测装置的特征在于下面的(1)至(4)。
(1)一种用于检测液罐内液体的液位的液位检测装置,包括:
第一检测部,该第一检测部具有在所述液罐内以垂直方向延伸并且与地电极对置的第一电极,并且该第一检测部检测所述第一电极与所述地电极之间的第一静电电容;第二检测部,该第二检测部具有在所述液罐内以垂直方向延伸并且与所述地电极对置的第二电极,并且该第二检测部检测所述第二电极与所述地电极之间的第二静电电容;在底部侧,所述第二电极在所述垂直方向上的长度比所述第一电极的长度短;以及差计算部,该差计算部计算由所述第一检测部检测到的所述第一静电电容与由所述第二检测部检测到的所述第二静电电容之间的差作为电容差;并且根据该电容差,确定所述液罐内的所述液位是否高于警报阈值。
(2)根据(1)的液位检测装置还包括介电常数检测部,该介电常数检测部排布于所述液罐的所述底部,并且检测所述液体的介电常数,其中,所述差计算部利用由所述介电常数检测部检测到的所述介电常数作为校正系数来计算所述液罐内的所述液位。
(3)在根据(1)的液位检测装置中,位于所述底部侧的所述第二电极的尖端排布于与所述警报阈值对应的位置处,并且当所述电容差变为小于所述警报阈值时,输出警报信号。
(4)在根据(1)的液位检测装置中,所述第一电极和所述地电极分别形成为叉齿状,并且所述第一电极与所述地电极之间的距离是一致的。
根据上述(1)至(4)的构造的液位检测装置,因为基于电容差获得液罐内的液位,所以即使当存在液体泄漏时,当气相部分内存在露滴时,或者当不同介电常数的液体分离时,仍能够精确地检测液位。
根据本发明,因为基于电容差获得液罐内的液位,所以即使当存在液体泄漏时,当气相部分内存在露滴时,或者当不同介电常数的液体被分离时,仍能够精确地检测液位。
上面简要地描述了本发明。此外,在参照附图阅读了下面描述的本发明的实施例(下面称为“实施例”)后,本发明的细节变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1A和1B是示出实施例中的液位检测装置1的示意性构造的图示。
图2是示出液位检测装置1的电构造的图示。
图3是示出液位传感器9和警报传感器15的输出特性的图表。
图4A和4B是示出当存在(叉齿电极9a和检测电极15a)的液体泄漏到传感器电极时液位传感器9和警报传感器15的特性的图表。
图5是示出液位检测操作的各步骤的流程图。
图6是示出传统液位检测装置的液体泄漏状态的图示。
具体实施方式
利用附图来描述在本发明实施例中的液位检测装置。在该实施例中的液位检测装置适用于检测液罐中的液体(汽油、石油、混有乙醇的汽油等)的液位。
图1A和1B是示出实施例中的液位检测装置1的示意性构造的图示。液位检测装置1包括:液位检测部5、检测电路20、控制部30以及仪表40。液位检测部5容纳于液罐7内,并且具有:液位传感器9,该液位传感器9具有叉齿电极9a;地电极12,该地电极12具有与叉齿电极9a对置的叉齿电极12a;直线状警报传感器15,该直线状警报传感器15布置于地电极12的背面;以及介电常数传感器18。
液位传感器9(第一检测部)具有在液罐7内以垂直方向延伸的叉齿电极9a(第一电极),并且检测叉齿电极9a与12a之间的根据液罐7内的液体量而变化的静电电容。叉齿电极9a与12a之间的距离是一致的。
地电极12在液罐7内以垂直方向延伸,并且地电极12的一侧形成为与叉齿电极9a对置的叉齿电极12a,而其另一侧形成为直线状。
警报传感器15(第二检测部)具有延伸成与地电极12的另一侧平行的直线状的检测电极15a(第二电极)。检测电极15a的尖端位于距离液罐7的底部的预定高度(阈值),该预定高度这样来确定:如果液罐7内的液位低于检测电极15a的尖端,则必需发出警报。在图1A中,示出了液位L高于阈值,并且这种情况下的液位变为液位2。在图1B中,示出了液位1低于阈值,并且这种情况下的液位变为液位1。
介电常数传感器18布置于液罐7的底部,使得介电常数传感器18始终浸在液罐7内的液体中。介电常数传感器18具有形成为叉齿状的检测电极,并且检测该检测电极与地电极之间的静电电容。检测电极与地电极之间的静电电容用于计算液体的介电常数。检测电极与地电极之间的距离是一致的。
根据公知的数学公式(1)计算介电常数ε。即,通过利用介电常数传感器18检测所述检测电极与地电极之间的静电电容,计算液罐7内的液体的介电常数ε。
ε=C·l/S……(1)
其中C是静电电容,l是电极之间的距离,以及S是电极的面积。
在该实施例中,液位传感器9、地电极12以及警报传感器15形成于印刷电路板上(该图中未示出)来作为液体检测部5。介电常数传感器18可以形成于同一个印刷电路板上。
图2是示出液位检测装置1的电构造的图示。检测电路20具有:电容检测部22,该电容检测部检测液位传感器9的静电电容和警报传感器15的静电电容;以及介电常数检测部25,该介电常数检测部检测介电常数传感器18的静电电容并且由该静电电容计算介电常数。
电容检测部22根据假定液位传感器9的叉齿电极9a和地电极12的叉齿电极12a作为电容器的振荡电路的振荡频率来计算静电电容CA。电容检测部22根据假定警报传感器15的检测电极15a和地电极12作为电容器的振荡电路的振荡频率来计算静电电容CB。电容检测部22可以通过切换来执行这些操作,也可以利用两个电路系统同时进行这些操作。
同样地,介电常数检测部25根据假定介电常数传感器18的检测电极和地电极作为电容器的振荡电路的振荡频率来计算静电电容C,并且还根据公知的数学公式(1)由电极之间的距离l和电极面积S来计算介电常数ε。
控制部30主要包括微型计算机(CPU)32。CPU32包括存储下述的操作程序的ROM33以及作为工作存储器RAM34,该CPU32通过从检测电路20输入表示静电电容的信号来进行各种计算,并且将驱动信号输出到仪表40。
仪表40具有:电机45,根据来自CPU32的驱动信号驱动该电机;指示器41,该指示器利用由电机45枢轴地支承的指针来指示液位;以及警报灯42,该警报灯根据来自CPU32的警报信号亮起。
示出具有上述构造的液位检测装置1的操作。首先,描述通过液位传感器9和警报传感器15检测液罐7内的液位的方法。图3是示出液位传感器9和警报传感器15的输出特性的图表。垂直轴示出静电电容(pF),而水平轴示出液位(cm)。
在此,CA是利用液位传感器9所检测的静电电容。CB是利用警报传感15所检测的静电电容。
“n”是使警报传感器15的单位长度的静电电容与液位传感器9的单位长度的静电电容相等的电容比校正系数。即,电容比校正系数n是用于使静电电容CB的直线的倾角与静电电容CA的直线的倾角一致的校正系数,如图3所示。
“k”是利用由介电常数传感器18的测量所获得的介电常数ε将静电电容C换算为液位h的液位换算系数。即使液罐中的液体的类型改变,在计算液位校正系数k时,通过利用测得的介电常数ε,也能够精确计算液位h。
“hA-B”是对应于液位传感器9(叉齿电极9a)的长度与警报传感器15(检测电极15a)的长度之间的差的检测液位差(cm)。HA是液位传感器9的实际长度(cm)。HB是警报传感器15的实际长度(cm)。HA-B是长度HA与长度HB(警报液位)之间的差。
如上所述,液位1在警报传感器15下方,而液位2在警报传感器15上方。C1A-B是在液位1处计算的静电电容CA与静电电容CB之间的电容差。C2A-B是在液位2处计算的静电电容CA与静电电容CB的电容差。
在该实施例中,利用液位校正系数k,根据数学公式(2),将电容差CA-B换算为液位差hA-B.
K·CA-B=hA-B……(2)
“h1A-B”是利用在液位1处的电容差C1A-B计算的液位差。“h2A-B”是利用在液位2处的电容差C2A-B计算的液位差。
当将液位差hA-B与警报液位HA-B进行比较并且满足数学公式(3)时,CPU32输出警报信号。
HA-B>hA-B……(3)
图4A和4B是示出当存在液体泄漏到传感器电极(叉齿电极9a和检测电极15a)时液位传感器9和警报传感器15的特性的图表。尽管在此假定在位于气相部分的叉齿电极9a与叉齿电极12a之间存在液体泄漏(请参见图6),但是当在气相部分内产生结露时,或者当在液体中将不同介电常数的液体分离时,图表也是相似的。
如图4A所示,当在叉齿电极9a存在液体泄漏时,对于液位传感器9的静电电容CA,如用虚线所示,静电电容升高,并且当液位低时,影响大,而当液位高时,影响变小。同样,对于液位传感器15的n倍的静电电容n·CB,如虚线b所示,静电电容也升高,并且当液位低时,影响大,而当液位高时,影响变小。
因此,当仅利用液位传感器9的静电电容CA的信号确定对应于警报液位HA-B的警报阈值时,在存在液体泄漏(虚线a所示)的情况与不存在液位泄漏(实线c)的情况之间产生液位误差(警报误差)。
相反,当获得液位传感器9的静电电容CA与警报传感器15的n倍静电电容n·CB之间的电容差CA-B时,电容差CA-B对于存在液体泄漏的情况(请参见符号e)与不存在液体泄漏(请参见符号d)的情况接近相等,并且能够消除液体泄漏的影响。
因此,如图4B所示,通过利用电容差CA-B设定警报阈值,防止液体泄漏的影响,并且能够几乎去除警报误差。
图5是示出液位检测操作的各步骤的流程图。该操作的程序存储于CPU32中的ROM33内,并且由CPU32执行。CPU32检测由液位传感器9检测到的静电电容CA和由警报传感器15检测到的静电电容CB,并且获得电容差CA-B(步骤S1)。步骤S1的处理等同于差计算部。
CPU32根据前述的数学公式(2)将电容差CA-B乘以从由介电常数传感器18检测到的液体的介电常数所获得的液位校正系数k,以计算液位差hA-B(步骤S2)。可以事先测量此时使用的介电常数,并且将它存储于RAM34内,也可以在步骤S1同时测量它。
CPU32确定液位差hA-B是否小于警报液位HA-B,使得满足数学公式(3)(步骤S3)。当液位差hA-B高于警报液位HA-B时,CPU32就结束该操作。
另一方面,当液位差hA-B小于警报液位HA-B时,CPU32将计算的液位hA的信号变成为对应于在步骤S2中所计算的液位差hA-B的驱动信号,将该驱动信号输出到仪表40内的电机45,并且使指示器41指示该液位(步骤S4)。
然后,CPU32输出警报信号,并且使警报灯42亮起(步骤S5,请参见图1B)。此后,CPU32结束该操作。
因此,根据该实施例的液位检测装置,因为利用电容差CA-B来设定警报阈值,所以即使当存在液体泄漏时,当气相部分内存在露滴时,或者当不同介电常数的液体被分离时,仍能够精确地检测液位。
因为液位传感器具有与地电极的距离一致的叉齿电极,所以静电电容的值能够升高。因此,提高了检测精度,并且设计容易。
本发明并不局限于上述实施例的结构,并且只要能够实现该实施例的结构的功能,可以应用任何类型的结构。
例如,尽管警报传感器的检测电极形成为直线形状,但是该检测电极可以具有与液位传感器的叉齿电极相同的形状,但具有不同的长度。因此,电容比校正系数n可以变为1的值,并且设计变得容易。
在该实施例中,由于液位降低警报的警报传感器还用作为第二检测部,所以能够防止部件的增加,但是第二检测部可以单独地存在,而无需作为警报传感器。
本发明有用之处在于:当要检测液罐内的液体的液位时,即使当存在液体泄漏时,当气相部分内存在露滴时,或者当不同介电常数的液体分离时,仍能够精确地检测液位。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于检测液罐内液体的液位的液位检测装置,包括:
第一检测部,该第一检测部具有在所述液罐内以垂直方向延伸并且与地电极对置的第一电极,并且该第一检测部检测所述第一电极与所述地电极之间的第一静电电容;
第二检测部,该第二检测部具有在所述液罐内以垂直方向延伸并且与所述地电极对置的第二电极,并且该第二检测部检测所述第二电极与所述地电极之间的第二静电电容;在底部侧,所述第二电极在所述垂直方向上的长度比所述第一电极的长度短;以及
差计算部,该差计算部计算由所述第一检测部检测到的所述第一静电电容与由所述第二检测部检测到的所述第二静电电容之间的差作为电容差;并且根据该电容差,确定所述液罐内的所述液位是否高于警报阈值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液位检测装置,还包括介电常数检测部,该介电常数检测部排布于所述液罐的所述底部,并且检测所述液体的介电常数,
其中,所述差计算部利用由所述介电常数检测部检测到的所述介电常数作为校正系数来计算所述液罐内的所述液位。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液位检测装置,其中,位于所述底部侧的所述第二电极的尖端排布于与所述警报阈值对应的位置处,并且
当所述电容差变为小于所述警报阈值时,输出警报信号。
4.根据权利要求1所述的液位检测装置,其中,所述第一电极和所述地电极分别形成为叉齿状,并且
所述第一电极与所述地电极之间的距离是一致的。
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