CN103375242B - 内燃机混合燃烧控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种内燃机混合燃烧控制方法和采用这种混合控制方法的内燃机产品。在内燃机(发动机)启动阶段,采用火花塞点火的燃烧控制方法;在发动机启动之后正常运行阶段,采用非均质压燃点火的燃烧控制方法;正常运行过程中因为工况变化,进气压力波动,使得燃烧室温度不能满足压燃燃烧控制方法的条件时,依靠火花塞点火的燃烧控制方法,维持发动机正常工作。由于大部分时间实现分层燃烧和稀薄燃烧,避免了爆震和爆震问题对进气压力的限制,发动机可充分利用涡轮增压装置所能够提供的最高进气压力和最大进气流量,提高充气效率,提高发动机效率和燃油经济性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于机械工业的内燃机技术领域,是一种新型的内燃机燃烧控制方法和新的内燃机产品。
背景技术
内燃机一般由气缸、活塞、连杆、曲轴、气门、油泵、油嘴等主要部件和其它附件组成。
柴油发动机一般采用压燃的燃烧控制方法,对点火时间的控制通过控制喷油时间实现。汽油发动机一般采用火花塞点燃的燃烧控制方法,使用辛烷值较高的高标号汽油,以便适度提高压缩比,提高发动机热功转换效率,同时尽量避免发生爆震。采用非均质压燃燃烧控制方法的发动机比采用点燃燃烧控制方法的发动机的热功转换效率高,充气效率高,而且避免了爆震问题。
前些时间,有人发明了低辛烷值汽油和使用这种汽油的压燃式汽油机,采用压燃燃烧控制方法。试验证明这种压燃式低辛烷值汽油机的效率和燃油经济性超过了柴油机,是一种有希望替代现代柴油机和现代汽油机的新型内燃机。有关资料参见:中国专利申请CN201010227388.0。
这种压燃式低辛烷值汽油机通过提高压缩比的方法实现压燃燃烧控制方法;或者虽然没有提高压缩比,但是通过预设机械增压装置的方法,在发动机启动阶段即提供高压进气压力,使得发动机在压缩行程末端时燃烧室内空气的温度(压力)足够高,超过喷射进入并雾化的低辛烷值汽油的燃点,低辛烷值汽油自动着火,实现压燃燃烧控制;或者虽然没有提高压缩比,但是通过进一步降低汽油辛烷值的方法,降低汽油燃点,使得低辛烷值汽油可以在较低压缩比条件下能够实现压燃燃烧控制方法。
本发明的目的是在不增加发动机压缩比和不预设机械增压装置以及不进一步降低汽油辛烷值的条件下,实现低辛烷值汽油的压燃燃烧控制方法。
发明内容
本发明一种内燃机混合燃烧控制方法,就是在内燃机的工作过程中,既有点燃式燃烧控制(点火)方法,又有压燃式燃烧控制(点火)方法。在内燃机(发动机)启动阶段,采用火花塞点火的燃烧控制方法;在发动机启动之后正常运行阶段,充分利用涡轮增压装置提高的进气压力,采用非均质压燃点火的燃烧控制方法;正常运行过程中因为工况变化,进气压力波动,使得燃烧室温度不能满足压燃燃烧控制方法的条件时,依靠火花塞点火的燃烧控制方法,维持发动机正常工作。目的是充分利用现有发动机资源,最大限度地提高发动机效率,提高燃料的经济性。
发动机启动阶段,涡轮增压装置尚未获得足够的发动机尾气,发动机进气压力低于1个大气压,气缸压缩比较低时(例如低于等于10.5)不能够将低辛烷值汽油压燃,火花塞点火的燃烧控制方法可以实现启动阶段的燃烧控制。当发动机启动之后,涡轮增压装置正常工作,可以为气缸提供1.7-1.8个大气压以上的进气压力(节气门全开,或者拆除节气门;涡轮增压装置的尾气泄压阀关闭或者取消),此时压缩比为10的气缸压缩温度相当于自然吸气、压缩比为17的气缸压缩温度,可以满足低辛烷值汽油(例如辛烷值为40)自燃着火的条件,实现压燃燃烧控制方法。由于解决了低辛烷值汽油自燃着火的条件问题,发动机大部分时间实现非均质压燃燃烧控制,实现分层燃烧和稀薄燃烧,既解决了爆震问题,又避免爆震问题对进气压力的限制,发动机可充分利用涡轮增压装置所能够提供的最高进气压力和最大进气流量,提高充气效率和充气量,提高发动机效率和燃油经济性。
根据本发明的内燃机混合燃烧控制方法,在控制发动机熄火时,关闭节气门和开启涡轮增压装置的尾气泄压阀,这两项操作仍然是非常有利的。
采用这种混合燃烧控制方法可以制造一种新型内燃机(以低辛烷值汽油为典型燃料),也可以通过对现有的缸内直喷和涡轮增压汽油机进行改造得到一种新型内燃机。
采用这种混合燃烧控制方法,可以降低压燃燃料(例如低辛烷值汽油)对内燃机压缩比的要求,或者降低发动机对低辛烷值汽油低标号的要求(汽油辛烷值不必太低)。这种方法的缺点是在发动机启动阶段,由于采用点燃燃烧控制方法,发动机会出现短时间爆震。由于这种爆震的时间很短,而且此时气缸进气压力较低(涡轮增压装置尚未有效工作),所以爆震的影响可以忽略。
具体实施方式
本发明最大的好处是可以通过修改部分现有汽油发动机的电脑程序,得到采用混合燃烧控制方法的内燃机,提高发动机效率同时解决正常运行时发动机爆震的问题。
例如:选择一台涡轮增压缸内直喷汽油机,它的压缩比为10(或者9.6,或者10.5),修改电脑程序,解除节气门对空气进气流量的控制,或者拆除节气门;关闭或者取消涡轮增压装置的尾气泄压阀,保证涡轮增压装置的最高进气压力和最大进气流量无节流无损失全部用于充气;将喷油时间从活塞到达上止点前约60度角,推迟到活塞到达上止点前0-30度角;火花塞点火时间推迟到活塞经过上止点后0-30度角;喷油时间和火花塞点火时间随汽油机转速增加而前移,随转速降低而后移;典型的喷油时间和火花塞点火时间是:怠速时,喷油时间为活塞到达上止点前10度角,火花塞点火时间(点火正时)为活塞经过上止点后17度角。喷油时间和点火时间的调整,可以通过修改电脑程序来实现,也可以通过改变凸轮轴码盘(靶盘)凸轮的位置来实现,码盘凸轮位置后移45-55度角,典型凸轮轴的码盘凸轮位置为推迟50度角。
Claims (8)
1.一种内燃机混合燃烧控制方法,其特征在于:
所述内燃机启动时采用点燃式燃烧控制方法;所述内燃机正常运行时采用非均质压燃式燃烧控制方法,实现分层燃烧和稀薄燃烧;
当燃烧室温度满足压燃燃烧控制方法的条件时,采用非均质压燃式燃烧控制方法;当燃烧室温度不能满足压燃燃烧控制方法的条件时,依靠火花塞点火的燃烧控制方法;
所述内燃机使用低辛烷值汽油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机混合燃烧控制方法,其特征在于:
发动机启动之后正常运行阶段,充分利用涡轮增压装置提高的进气压力,提高气缸压缩行程末端燃烧室温度和压力,使得燃烧室温度满足压燃燃烧控制方法的条件,采用非均质压燃式燃烧控制方法;正常运行过程中因为工况变化,进气压力波动,使得燃烧室温度不能满足压燃燃烧控制方法的条件时,依靠火花塞点火的燃烧控制方法维持发动机正常工作。
3.一种内燃机,其特征在于:
所述内燃机采用根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的内燃机混合燃烧控制方法。
4.根据权利要求3所述的内燃机,其特征在于:
所述内燃机的压缩比小于等于10.5。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内燃机,其特征在于:
所述内燃机的压缩比是10或者9.6。
6.根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的内燃机,其特征在于:
所述内燃机通过对现有的缸内直喷和涡轮增压汽油机进行改造得到。
7.根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的内燃机,其特征在于:
所述内燃机通过设置或者修改电脑程序的方法调整喷油时间和点火时间;或者通过改变内燃机凸轮轴的码盘凸轮位置的方法,调整喷油时间和点火时间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的内燃机,其特征在于:
所述内燃机通过将码盘凸轮位置后移45-55度角,调整喷油时间和点火时间。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210119430.6A CN103375242B (zh) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-04-23 | 内燃机混合燃烧控制方法 |
TW102114461A TW201344041A (zh) | 2012-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | 內燃機混合燃燒控制方法及其控制器、內燃機和汽車 |
EP13781544.5A EP2843208B1 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | Hybrid combustion control method of internal combustion engine and controller thereof, internal combustion engine, and automobile |
US14/396,481 US20150096531A1 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | Hybrid combustion mode of internal combustion engine and controller thereof, internal combustion engine, and automobile |
PCT/CN2013/074571 WO2013159695A1 (zh) | 2012-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | 内燃机混合燃烧控制方法及其控制器、内燃机和汽车 |
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CN114962022B (zh) * | 2022-06-29 | 2023-05-05 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种改善进气压力波动的控制方法 |
CN115263589A (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-01 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种发动机的控制方法及控制系统 |
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EP2843208A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
CN103375242A (zh) | 2013-10-30 |
TW201344041A (zh) | 2013-11-01 |
WO2013159695A1 (zh) | 2013-10-31 |
US20150096531A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
EP2843208B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
EP2843208A4 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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