CN103374190A - 获得用于高压贮藏容器的压电衬里的方法 - Google Patents

获得用于高压贮藏容器的压电衬里的方法 Download PDF

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CN103374190A
CN103374190A CN2013101495488A CN201310149548A CN103374190A CN 103374190 A CN103374190 A CN 103374190A CN 2013101495488 A CN2013101495488 A CN 2013101495488A CN 201310149548 A CN201310149548 A CN 201310149548A CN 103374190 A CN103374190 A CN 103374190A
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CN103374190B (zh
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F.奥利维拉
Y.勒泰里耶
Y-A.曼松
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Belenos Clean Power Holding AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及获得用于高压贮藏容器的压电衬里的方法。用于高压贮藏容器的压电和阻挡衬里由PVDF-TrFE共聚物制成，并且衬里材料中的结晶度的量在30%以上，优选地衬里材料中的结晶度的量至少为35%。

Description

获得用于高压贮藏容器的压电衬里的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于高压容器的阻挡衬里（barrier liner）。更具体地说，本发明涉及由压电聚合物薄膜制成的这样的阻挡衬里，以及涉及用于获得这样的薄膜和衬里的方法。
背景技术
空的复合结构或诸如加压储气罐（gas tank）的压力容器（这里被称为“容器”）已经传统地由诸如钢或铝的金属制成。然而，在近些年中，复合容器的使用已经变得更加普遍。这样的容器通过各种工艺被制造，所述各种工艺包括但不限于丝缠绕（filament winding）、树脂传递模塑（resin transfer molding）和气囊辅助模塑。
大多数复合材料呈现出对于许多流体相对高的渗透性。因此经常需要在压力容器内提供阻挡衬里，以防止过度的泄露。某些基于聚合物的衬里提供了良好的抗渗透性、抗热性和抗化学侵蚀性，使得它们适合于高压介质贮藏。特别是公知在丝缠绕的复合容器中包括HDPE衬里。
此外，高压容器要求受到监控以避免过填充并且检测泄露。这经常通过容器颈部处的压力传感器和调节器来实现。这样的外部压力计（pressure gauge）是相对昂贵的，并且它们经常仅仅在运行期间适合于容器。针对剩下的时间、特别是在贮藏和运输阶段期间，不能容易地知道罐中的压力。为了克服该缺点，专利文件WO 2011/104 295公开了包括呈现出阻挡性质和压电性质两者的衬里的压力容器。因为当受到外力时压电材料产生电荷，允许压力改变被测量，所以压电材料已经展示出作为压力传感器的适合性。因此，上面的现有技术文件教导了，通过使用压电衬里来监控压力容器内的压力，免除外部压力计是可能的。专利文件WO 2011/104 295通过引用被并入。
关于上面的解决方案的一个困难是，提供把优良的阻挡性质与强的压电效应相组合的衬里。因此，本发明的主要目的是提供这样的衬里。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，本发明通过提供根据附加的权利要求1的衬里来实现该目的。
根据第二方面，本发明通过提供用于作为高压贮藏容器中的衬里使用的共聚物薄膜来实现上面的目的；该共聚物薄膜借助于根据权利要求2的方法来获得。
根据本发明的PVDF-TrFE（Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene)，聚（偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯））共聚物薄膜和衬里呈现出强的压电效应。此外，该薄膜和衬里同样呈现出对于大多数气体的惊人的低渗透性；特别是氧气和氢气。该低渗透性使得根据本发明的PVDF-TrFE共聚物薄膜特别适合于用作高压贮藏容器中的阻挡衬里。
根据本发明的优选的实施，PVDF-TrFE共聚物包括在70 mol%与80 mol%之间的VDF（偏二氟乙烯）。由申请人所进行的实验已经展示出，这些比例提供了涉及渗透性以及压电效应的最好结果。
根据本发明的另一个优选的实施，退火步骤被实行达至少三个小时；更优选地被实行达4小时。
根据本发明的还有另一个优选的实施，在125℃与140℃之间的温度下实行退火步骤。
根据本发明的还有另一个优选的实施，对经退火的薄膜还原的步骤使用700KV/cm与800KV/cm之间的静电场来实行。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点根据阅读下面的说明将变得明显，所述下面的说明仅仅借助于非限制的例子给出，并且是参照附图作出的，其中：
- 图1是示出了针对不同退火时间的聚合物薄片的渗透性与温度的关系的图形；
- 图2是压电系数d33与退火时间的关系的图形。
具体实施方式
对于要被并入压力容器的衬里来说，它必须具有和容器内的腔相同的空心形式。特别地，在圆柱容器的情况下，衬里应该是管状的。这可以通过各种技术来实现。
形成衬里的一个实际的方式是从平面薄膜开始。从这个开始点开始，存在两个选项。第一选项是在形成衬里之前经过对聚合物薄膜退火的步骤以及对经退火的薄膜还原（poling）的步骤。一旦已经采取了这些步骤，经退火和还原的平面薄膜可以例如被卷成管子，并且被焊接以便形成气密接合。另一个可能性是，把经退火和还原的平面薄膜制成卷，其中该卷的多个重叠层创造出气密的管子而不需要气密接接合。
第二个选项是，由把平面薄膜成形为衬里开始，并且然后经过对聚合物材料退火和还原的步骤。在这种情况下，还原操作稍微更加复杂一些，因为两个还原电极中的一个必须被设计为使得两个还原电极中的一个可以通过开孔被引入到衬里中。
形成衬里的另一个方式是从熔化的聚合物开始。该开始材料可以被模塑（例如吹模塑（blow molded））为具有像薄膜一样的薄壁的封闭形式。根据该方法，形成衬里的壁的聚合物薄膜然后被退火和还原。
依赖于容器壳的类型以及它的制造方法，衬里材料可以通过一系列技术被并入不同类型的容器中。一个可替换的方案是，在衬里之后形成壳。根据该可替换的方案，衬里可以被例如用作气囊充气或辅助模塑情况下的气囊。另一个可能性是，使用可移除的芯轴以支撑衬里，用于随后在衬里的外面上的复合壳的丝缠绕。另一个可替换的方案是，由形成外面的壳开始。可以接着通过涂覆树脂或溅射树脂等来形成衬里。根据该后一个可替换的方案，退火和还原的步骤必须在衬里位于容器壳内的情况下实行。在这种情况下，还原操作可以在特殊的还原电极被设计为使得该特殊的还原电极可以通过壳的开孔被引入到衬里中的情况下实行。最后吹模塑衬里也可以被引入到壳中。
P(VDF-TrFE)共聚物开始材料的制备
可以从各种供应商那里获得P(VDF-TrFE)共聚物。例如，申请人从Solvay Solexis公司那里获得粉末形式的P(VDF-TrFE)（79/21 mol%）共聚物。
a）溶剂浇铸方法
通过首先在60℃下将P(VDF-TrFE)粉末在溶剂（例如甲基乙基酮）中溶解长达2小时，可以制备出薄膜。一旦该聚合物被溶解，它就被倾泻到平坦的表面上，并且接着通宵受到低真空作用，以便促使溶剂蒸发。该工艺产出数十个微米厚的平面P(VDF-TrFE)共聚物薄膜。可选地，可以重复该工艺以增加薄膜的厚度。
b）模塑
P(VDF-TrFE)粉末可以被加热到高于其熔化温度。熔化的聚合物可以接着通过对于本领域技术人员公知的任何适当的手段来模塑。
例子
通过上述溶剂浇铸方法来获得平面共聚物P(VDF-TrFE)薄膜。所获得的薄膜被切为四个样品。样品中的一个没有被退火，而其它三个样品分别被退火达2小时、4小时和16小时。退火温度为130℃。
四个样品随后在110℃下被还原达30分钟，并且接着当冷却下来时再被还原达30分钟。静电场的强度是750KV/cm。
表征
在TA Instrument DSC Q100上在N2环境下执行差分扫描量热法（DSC）测试。样品以10.0℃min-1被冷却到零下50℃，并且在以相同的速率被加热到160℃之前被保持在零下50℃达三分钟。DSC测试被用来测量每个样品中的结晶度的量。
在氧气渗透分析仪-Systech Instruments Model 8001上执行氧气渗透测试。在0%的相对湿度和1巴的O2压力下，记录在10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃和50℃下每个样品的氧气渗透速率（OTR）。使用下面的公式来计算氧气渗透性（P）：
P=t x OTR
结果在图1的图形中被示出。
针对压电系数测量（d33），从每个样品中都取出被成形为直径为1cm的圆的子样品。在测试之前测量四个子样品的平均厚度，并且接着通过溅射在薄膜上沉积层状的铬电极和金电极。使用为750KVcm-1的电场（E），样品接着在110℃下被还原达30分钟并且接着再被冷却达30分钟。接着测量每个子样品的压电常数。结果在图2的图形中被示出。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于高压贮藏容器的衬里，所述衬里由PVDF-TrFE共聚物制成，并且衬里材料中的结晶度的量在30%以上，优选地衬里材料中的结晶度的量至少为35%。
2.一种用于获得具有改进的阻挡性质以及压电性质的聚合物薄膜的方法，该方法包括步骤：
- 提供PVDF-TrFE（聚（偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯））共聚物的薄膜，所述共聚物包括55mol%与82mol%之间的VDF；
- 在120℃与145℃之间的温度下对PVDF-TrFE薄膜退火达至少2小时；
- 对经退火的薄膜还原。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，
所述共聚物包括70mol%与80mol%之间的VDF。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，
所述共聚物包括79mol%的VDF。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，
退火步骤被实行达超过3小时，优选地被实行达4小时。
6.根据权利要求2至5中任一项权利要求所述的方法，其中，
在125℃与140℃之间的温度下对PVDF-TrFE薄膜退火。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，
对经退火的薄膜还原的步骤使用700KV/cm与800KV/cm之间的静电场来实行。
8.一种通过根据权利要求2至7中任一项权利要求所述的方法所获得的共聚物薄膜。
9.一种根据权利要求8所述的共聚物薄膜作为高压贮藏容器中的阻挡衬里的使用。
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