CN103370523B - Two-stroke large diesel engine, cylinder cap and combustion gas extracting method - Google Patents

Two-stroke large diesel engine, cylinder cap and combustion gas extracting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103370523B
CN103370523B CN201180054452.2A CN201180054452A CN103370523B CN 103370523 B CN103370523 B CN 103370523B CN 201180054452 A CN201180054452 A CN 201180054452A CN 103370523 B CN103370523 B CN 103370523B
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China
Prior art keywords
combustion gas
outlet valve
passage
extract
exhaust
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CN103370523A (en
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D·拉尔森
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MAN Energy Solutions Filial af MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo Filial af MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/06—Valve members or valve-seats with means for guiding or deflecting the medium controlled thereby, e.g. producing a rotary motion of the drawn-in cylinder charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/28—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of coaxial valves; characterised by the provision of valves co-operating with both intake and exhaust ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/41—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories characterised by the arrangement of the recirculation passage in relation to the engine, e.g. to cylinder heads, liners, spark plugs or manifolds; characterised by the arrangement of the recirculation passage in relation to specially adapted combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/09—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine
    • F02M26/10—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine having means to increase the pressure difference between the exhaust and intake system, e.g. venturis, variable geometry turbines, check valves using pressure pulsations or throttles in the air intake or exhaust system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of two-stroke large diesel engine, it comprises at least one by cylinder (1) and the firing chamber (2) that limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), described firing chamber has combustion gas relief opening (20) between at least one valve disc being formed in outlet valve (9) respectively (8) and the seat of valve matched and at least one forced air induction mouth (4), and described outlet valve can be handled between open and closed positions.Described combustion gas relief opening (20) and at least one exhaust passage (11) and extract passage (18) with at least one combustion gas and be connected.The invention still further relates to a kind of outlet valve for such internal-combustion engine and cylinder cap.The invention is characterized in and be fixed on outlet valve (9) or shaping with outlet valve single type ground throttling arrangement (10), realize combustion gas in a certain way via described throttling arrangement and extract.The invention still further relates to cylinder cap and the combustion gas extracting method of two-stroke large diesel engine.

Description

Two-stroke large diesel engine, cylinder cap and combustion gas extracting method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine, especially two-stroke large diesel engine; A kind of cylinder cap for such internal-combustion engine; And a kind of at work two-stroke large diesel engine on extract the method for combustion gas.
Background technique
Known combustion gas recirculation in such internal-combustion engine, to make the pressurized air of the firing chamber flowing to internal-combustion engine be loaded with the combustion gas of recirculation.Because this reducing nitrogen oxide (NO x) discharge amount.Except from surrounding environment compression in advance and if desired pretreated such as dry, filter or temperature adjustment pure scavenging air except, pressurized air also should contain the component of another scavenging air, the mixture be such as made up of the combustion gas of scavenging air and recirculation, therefore except scavenging air and/or pure scavenging air, described pressurized air can also contain other component, the rock gas such as evaporated.
In order to combustion gas are led back in firing chamber, at this such as it is known that the combustion gas of recirculation are mixed scavenging air, and to rush via one or more common suction port such as air inlet slot with this mixture and sweep firing chamber.In addition it is known that remaining pressurized air part to be introduced in firing chamber via independent suction port on the other hand by the combustion gas of the recirculation of firing chamber on the one hand, the mixture just forming pressurized air is in a combustion chamber made.At this, the present invention can combine with all known types led back to by combustion gas in firing chamber.
To this known such internal-combustion engine in German patent application DE102005057207A1, wherein except outlet valve firing chamber being connected with exhaust passage or separating, also be provided with independent second row air valve, firing chamber is connected with recirculating line or separated by described second row air valve.This structure is relative expenses.
In addition, European patent application EP 2151569A1 illustrates a kind of internal-combustion engine, wherein branching out recirculating line by flowing to be arranged in the exhaust passage in the downstream of outlet valve, described recirculating line can open or close in an exhaust gas via the second control valve unit be arranged on the valve rod of outlet valve and the valve accommodating part matched.Such as be provided with the sleeve be arranged on the valve rod of exhaust passage of the slot with circumference for this reason.The valve accommodating part arranged regularly in an exhaust gas have equally with slot, cover and lead to the sleeve of the point of branching of recirculating line.Due to outlet valve and thus valve rod can rotate constantly via rotating machinery to reduce the uneven air inlet of valve seat, so point of branching can open and close in recirculating line.Both made when there is no need for opening and closing independent second valve of recirculating line here, what be still difficult to occur to be determined by rotating machinery opens frequency and opening stage by engine operating cycle and by the timing of opening stage being suitable for the recirculation stage during engine cycle.
In addition, known a kind of four stroke engine in Japanese publications JP6241127, wherein in the exhaust passage in downstream being arranged on outlet valve, separate recirculating line, described recirculating line opens and closes via independent valve, described valve be configured to simultaneously exhaust passage throttle valve and therefore when opening recirculating line throttling through the percolation of exhaust passage.At this, recycle valve-gas exhaust piping throttle valve is stayed throttling exhaust passage and is opened on the position of recirculating line during stroke is swept in whole punching.
Finally known a kind of internal-combustion engine in DE102008058612A1, wherein first being arranged on branch in the exhaust passage in the downstream of outlet valve by flowing, out, described recirculating line also here opens and closes by independent valve recirculating line.In one form, in an exhaust gas, be in recirculating line upstream valve downstream region in be provided with throttling arrangement, described throttling arrangement has the valve that can offset.Described valve is opened by the compression shock produced when opening main exhaust valve, and closes via preloading spring when pressure reduces abundant.This solution also in view of outlet valve, throttling arrangement and be connected to recirculating line upstream valve timing and due to total be relative expenses, also relevant to arranging of the pretightening force of spring, throttling arrangement cuts out via described initial tension of spring.
Summary of the invention
Set out thus, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of internal-combustion engine, a kind of cylinder cap for described internal-combustion engine and a kind of at work by method two-stroke large diesel engine of the present invention extracting combustion gas, therefore the combustion gas being mixed with fresh air as few as possible on high stress level can be taken out, for recirculation or other object.
The present invention realizes a kind of two-stroke large diesel engine, it comprises at least one by cylinder and the firing chamber that limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle, described firing chamber has at least one and is formed in combustion gas relief opening between the valve disc of outlet valve and the seat of valve matched and at least one forced air induction mouth respectively, and described outlet valve can operate between open and closed positions, and described combustion gas relief opening and at least one exhaust passage and extract expanding channels with at least one combustion gas, for leading back to forced air induction mouth by a part for the combustion gas produced when burning, be provided with and be fixed on outlet valve or shaping with outlet valve single type ground throttling arrangement, described throttling arrangement in the closed position from outlet valve of outlet valve until although the combustion gas that reach desired opening degree extract to open scope and do not prevent combustion gas from flowing in exhaust passage, but with outlet valve from larger opening degree until the waste gas reaching open position discharge open scope compared with more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, described throttling arrangement waste gas discharge to open in scope not throttling completely or at least less throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, the point of branching that described throttling arrangement and described combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage is set to each other, make throttling arrangement combustion gas extract to open in scope not throttling completely or indistinctively throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
The present invention also realizes a kind of cylinder cap for two-stroke large diesel engine of the present invention, described two-stroke large diesel engine has at least one by cylinder and the firing chamber that limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle, cylinder cap has the seat of valve of the valve disc for outlet valve, described outlet valve opens and closes the combustion gas relief opening on cylinder cap, expanding channels is extracted with at least one combustion gas in described combustion gas relief opening and at least one exhaust passage, for a part for the combustion gas produced when burning is led back forced air induction mouth, be provided with and be fixed on outlet valve or shaping with outlet valve single type ground throttling arrangement, described throttling arrangement in the closed position from outlet valve of outlet valve until although the combustion gas that reach desired opening degree extract to open scope and do not prevent combustion gas from flowing in exhaust passage, but with outlet valve from larger opening degree until the waste gas reaching open position discharge open scope compared with more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, described throttling arrangement waste gas discharge to open in scope not throttling completely or at least less throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, the point of branching that described throttling arrangement and described combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage is set to each other, make throttling arrangement combustion gas extract to open in scope not throttling completely or indistinctively throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
The present invention also realize a kind of at work by method two-stroke large diesel engine of the present invention extracting combustion gas, in the closed position from outlet valve of outlet valve until the combustion gas that reach desired opening degree extract and open scope, although via to be fixed on outlet valve or the throttling arrangement shaping with outlet valve single type ground does not prevent, but with outlet valve from larger opening degree until the waste gas reaching open position discharge open scope compared with more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, and waste gas discharge open in scope by throttling arrangement not throttling or indistinctively throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
For this reason according to the present invention, be provided be fixed on outlet valve or with the throttling arrangement that constructs of described outlet valve single type ground, described throttling arrangement outlet valve the closed position from outlet valve until the combustion gas that reach desired opening degree extract open scope prevent combustion gas to flow in exhaust passage or with outlet valve from as desired opening degree larger opening degree until the waste gas that reaches enable possition discharge to open scope at least more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, throttling arrangement described waste gas discharge to open in scope preferably not throttling completely or with the combustion gas at outlet valve extract open in scope compared with at least less throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage.At this, throttling arrangement and combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage or the point of branching be positioned near the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber that controls via outlet valve is set to each other, make throttling arrangement combustion gas extract to open in scope preferably not throttling completely or at least indistinctively throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
Extracting at combustion gas opens in scope, the annular space that exhaust valve opening is relatively narrow and the gas exhaust piping finally introduced by its throttle structure locking in surrounding environment, or at least makes the diameter of described gas exhaust piping or flow cross section narrow.On the contrary, open combustion gas and extract passage.Therefore, first the pressure still very high when exhaust valve opening process starts of combustion gas be in a combustion chamber converted at full speed and thus arrive the flowing at outlet valve place through annular space with high dynamic pressure.Then, described flowing again by closes vent passage or at least reduce flow cross section or the throttling arrangement of throttling be converted to back pressure, combustion gas are flowed into high pressure and are not extracted passage by throttling arrangement locking or the combustion gas that at least only stop indistinctively simultaneously.
Simultaneously, extract in the time period of opening scope (when opening outlet valve) at the initial combustion gas of outlet valve, pure or at least as far as possible not with scavenging air combustion gas are arranged in firing chamber, and the mixture be made up of combustion gas and pressurized air is not arranged in firing chamber, the waste gas that may reside in outlet valve as it was discharged in the time period of opening scope.Especially the initial unlatching period of outlet valve is depended at this, and not too depending on the ending phase of closing process, leading back to forced air induction mouth when not adding pump in combustion chamber charge side when the combustion gas recirculation be extracted to by combustion gas because only the pressure of combustion gas is at all not high enough during downward stroke of piston.
Therefore according to the timing of outlet valve only completely or at least relatively pure combustion gas arrive combustion gas and extract in passage, in order to be recycled in firing chamber, it can be recirculating line that described combustion gas extract passage when extracting combustion gas.On the contrary, combustion gas-pressurization gas mixture that (under the larger opening degree at outlet valve) exists during the waste gas of outlet valve discharges the time period of opening scope completely or at least the overwhelming majority be discharged to not throttling or at least only weaker throttling exhaust passage in, and completely or only fraction ground arrives combustion gas and extracts in passage (or being recirculating line when combustion gas recirculation).
Advantageous particularly in simple meaning technically, because the combustion gas for the air inlet side to firing chamber of combustion gas recirculation extract always occur relative to the Timing Synchronization of outlet valve, or in this case other object and be also that throttling arrangement and outlet valve single type ground construct or is at least configured on outlet valve in the mode of installing or fix at simple structure and the available engine be easy in the meaning of repacking property and engine design.The desired opening degree of outlet valve also or can be molded on described outlet valve or be fixed on the moulding impact of the throttling arrangement on described outlet valve by the moulding of outlet valve, and be not associated with the compression shock produced when opening outlet valve, combustion gas extract scope of opening should until reach desired opening degree.
If outlet valve constructed according to the invention, so in existing motor in many cases be sufficient that, only change outlet valve, combustion gas can be extracted according to the present invention.This when should the throttling arrangement of only throttling or closes vent passage by halves particularly suitable.On the contrary, if throttling arrangement should closes vent passage completely, so may it is necessary that to reprocess corresponding on the supporting surface of exhaust passage, described supporting surface must align well with valve rod.If in this case or do not exist in engine-mounted cylinder cap combustion gas extract passage, it can be favourable for so being changed by cylinder cap constructed according to the invention by whole existing cylinder cap.Especially, when existing internal-combustion engine should be reequiped in order to combustion gas extraction or combustion gas recirculation, manufacturing method according to the invention is favourable.
In addition propose a kind of for internal-combustion engine at work, especially at two-stroke large diesel engine and especially in order to the method for the object extraction combustion gas of combustion gas recirculation according to the present invention.Internal-combustion engine has at least one by cylinder and the firing chamber that limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle, and described firing chamber has at least one and is formed in combustion gas relief opening between the valve disc of outlet valve and the seat of valve matched and at least one forced air induction mouth respectively.At this, combustion gas relief opening and at least one exhaust passage and extract expanding channels with at least one combustion gas, such as, for leading back a part for the combustion gas produced when burning to forced air induction mouth.At this, outlet valve is operated between open and closed positions, outlet valve combustion gas extract open in scope, via be fixed on outlet valve or shaping with outlet valve single type throttling arrangement prevent or with outlet valve from larger opening degree until the waste gas of open position discharge open scope compared with at least more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage.On the contrary, combustion gas extract open in scope by throttling arrangement preferably completely not throttling or at least indistinctively throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
At this, be fixed on outlet valve or shaping with outlet valve single type throttling arrangement according to the present invention and especially in the two stroke engine with combustion gas recirculation, there is advantage.Therefore, it is possible to avoid loss of doing work as follows, namely outlet valve can have more late in the two stroke engine of combustion gas recirculation opening than at conventional, in most cases before air inlet slot is by process, outlet valve (or independent exhaust gas recirculation valve) remotely must have been opened, to prevent the combustion gas that will lead back from mixing with the pressurized air newly flowed in the latter.Flowing into combustion gas to allow combustion gas extracts in passage, according to the present invention it is not necessary that, in downward stroke, arrive the front opening outlet valve of certain piston position, described piston position be start to open suction port (air inlet slot) piston position above the crank angle of maximum 40 °.Also advantageously outlet valve can be opened a little later in some cases at this, but in each case before beginning carries out scavenging via suction port (air inlet slot) to burning.The high pressure of recycle gas is also here particular importance, because charge-air pressure also must be relatively high.If egr pressure is enough high, so pump can be abandoned.
At this particularly advantageously, combustion gas-charge-air mixture safety check being resisted flow into by being present in the combustion gas elevated pressures extracted on side keeps closing, be arranged on the combustion gas safety check extracted in passage prevent outlet valve be arranged in waste gas discharge open scope time combustion gas-charge-air mixture flow into the exhaust passage of non-throttling.At this, extract the safety check that safety check in passage especially also can be actively controlled in by the outlet valve of camshaft control, extracted combustion gas flow can be controlled better at combustion gas.In outlet valve that is electronically controlled and that handle not via camshaft but via own driver, correspondingly can regulate the control time of outlet valve, to control the combustion gas flow extracted.
Substitute or be complemented at measures first mentioned, throttling arrangement also can be configured to, or the branch of the exhaust side of throttling arrangement and recirculating line also can be set to each other, throttling arrangement is made to discharge to open in scope at the waste gas of outlet valve and to prevent or at least throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas, therefore obtain same effect, namely prevent discharging at waste gas the combustion gas-charge-air mixture existed in the time period of opening scope and flow in combustion gas extraction passage.
In a favourable improvement project of the present invention, throttling arrangement has and radially to protrude from the valve rod of outlet valve, preferably around throttling protruding, throttling projection is arranged in the region of valve rod, and described region is positioned at the downstream being arranged on the point of branching of the exhaust side of combustion gas extraction passage by flowing of exhaust passage at outlet valve when combustion gas extract and open and open in scope.Therefore, when outlet valve be arranged in combustion gas extract open scope time, the percolation of exhaust passage by throttling, and is drawn into due to the back pressure formed in throttling projection or imports combustion gas and extract in passage.
Especially when throttling is protruding when this mode by moveable piston is on the inner circumference being configured to abut in exhaust passage in the section being vented cylindrical shell at least loosely of exhaust passage, combustion gas when outlet valve combustion gas extract open open in scope time there is no a large amount loss or pressure loss arrive combustion gas and extract in passage.Therefore, it is possible to abandon the pump in the recirculating line led back towards air inlet side, described recirculating line is used as combustion gas and extracts passage when extracting combustion gas in order to recirculation object.Be arranged in the region in the downstream of the point of branching of the exhaust side of combustion gas extraction passage if exhaust cylindrical shell is cylindrically configured in by flowing, described region is arranged in outlet valve throttling projection when combustion gas extraction is opened in scope, the valve rotating machinery be arranged on so under normal circumstances in such two-stroke large diesel engine remains usual type, and the intermittent rotational motion of valve guaranteed usually by described valve rotating machinery by the propeller structure around valve rod.
In aforementioned favourable improvement project of the present invention, combustion gas extract that passage can branch be out in an exhaust gas at interval with combustion gas relief opening.At this, throttling projection is arranged in the region of valve rod, and described region is approximately arranged in exhaust passage at outlet valve combustion gas when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope extract on the height of the point of branching of passage.So exhaust passage is extracted in the region of channel branch point at combustion gas have the diameter widening portion of particularly ring, making to flow into combustion gas in exhaust passage can stream throttling projection when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope being positioned on position that combustion gas extract on the height of the point of branching of passage of throttling projection at outlet valve.At this, diameter widening portion preferably large to make preferably completely not throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, at least make than outlet valve combustion gas extract open open in scope time or be arranged in the inflow being arranged on throttling projection that combustion gas extract the region in the downstream of the point of branching of passage less throttled combustion gas by flowing.
On the other hand it is also envisaged that, throttling projection is arranged on the region be arranged near valve disc of valve rod, it is arranged in firing chamber at outlet valve when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope, make therefore possible that, flow in exhaust passage by the annular pass be formed between throttling projection and seat of valve.In this case, the point of branching of recirculating line is preferably arranged on seat of valve originally or be arranged in the region of direct next-door neighbour's seat of valve of exhaust passage with it.Therefore, the excessive stroke of outlet valve is unnecessary, so that simultaneously the throttling projection being arranged in firing chamber guarantee outlet valve for discharging the enough large opening degree of combustion gas-air mixture, and can outlet valve combustion gas extract open open in scope time being arranged on combustion gas by flowing to extract mobile throttling in the region in the downstream of the point of branching of passage protruding in exhaust passage.
Will be understood that, throttling projection is at least streamed when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope at outlet valve, and flowing should be imported in combustion gas extraction passage when combustion gas extract and open and open in scope at outlet valve.Therefore, throttling projection does not advantageously have for the disadvantageous seamed edge of traffic conditions, but at least on its front side, namely open in scope towards on the side of recirculating line point of branching in combustion gas extraction at it, there is hyperbola curved surface, extract in passage the combustion gas flowed in the region before throttling projection of exhaust passage are transferred to branch's combustion gas out side direction this region from exhaust passage at outlet valve when combustion gas extract and open and open in scope.
According to another favourable improvement project of the present invention, exhaust passage has the exhaust cylindrical shell being arranged on the downstream of combustion gas relief opening by flowing, at excircle top set out at least one gas exhaust piping and at least one combustion gas extraction passage of described exhaust cylindrical shell.At this, the point of branching of gas exhaust piping is arranged on the downstream that combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage.At this, throttling arrangement can also have the slider that mainly can slide axially and be contained in movably in exhaust cylindrical shell, described slider is shaping and be connected with outlet valve, make it hide the point of branching of gas exhaust piping at least in part when combustion gas extract and open and open in scope at outlet valve, and hide at outlet valve the point of branching that combustion gas extract passage at least partly when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope.
At this advantageously, on the one hand, not only be arranged in when combustion gas extract and open scope at outlet valve and prevent from or at least hinder flowing into gas exhaust piping, and prevent from or hinder combustion gas-air mixture to flow into combustion gas extracting in passage or preventing when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope at outlet valve or hinder the combustion gas gathered there to being back in exhaust cylindrical shell.
At this as mentioned before, slider not necessarily completely closely works on the inner circumference of exhaust cylindrical shell.Not serious is, between slider and exhaust pipe body wall, such as have Leakage Gas, if meet slider outlet valve be arranged in combustion gas extract open scope time in an exhaust gas as flow controller important function and advantageously discharge at waste gas the important function opened as flow controller on the point of branching that combustion gas extract passage when scope is opened at outlet valve.
In the functional meaning mentioned before the valve rotating machinery arranged under normal conditions, at this advantageously, slider is configured to columniform sliding sleeve, and to be vented cylindrical shell be columniform equally.It is noted, however, that also diverse geometrical shape can be imagined when not having such valve rotating machinery in outlet valve.
At this, slider or sliding sleeve such as can be connected with the valve rod of outlet valve via multiple radial supporter.But it is also envisaged that sliding sleeve to be configured to the pipe deviating from the side of firing chamber from valve disc, described pipe is arranged in the near zone of the valve disc of the break-through mouth had for air-flow.
This preferably can be provided with multiple from exhaust cylindrical shell branch out the gas exhaust piping that comes or one there is multiple gas exhaust piping of point of branching being circumferentially distributed in exhaust cylindrical shell, to promote the inflow of combustion gas-charge-air mixture when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope at outlet valve.Substitute or be complemented at this, gas exhaust piping also can extend around exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise, and opens towards exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise, or has circlewise towards the point of branching that exhaust cylindrical shell is opened.
As same in the improvement project with throttling projection, described throttling is protruding is arranged in exhaust passage at outlet valve when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope, so be provided with diameter expansion portion there, streaming of throttling projection can be realized, have and can extract in the favourable improvement project of pipeline by slider or sliding sleeve throttling or closed gas exhaust piping/combustion gas, throttling arrangement, namely the protruding or slider of throttling or sliding sleeve, arranged in an exhaust gas apart from firing chamber relatively far.Therefore, under throttling arrangement is not exposed to high heat load, and therefore, it is possible to relatively inexpensively manufacture, such as construct hollowly when throttling projection.In this case, combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage and are also positioned at apart from relative distant place, firing chamber, make to extract at combustion gas not have between the point of branching of passage and Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber that heat load is high, thin material extension.
Must be provided with the specific physical dimension for being vented cylindrical shell on the other hand at this, combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage and the sliding area of throttling arrangement is placed in described exhaust cylindrical shell.Therefore, the throttling improvement project that is protruding and branch's combustion gas extraction passage out near exhaust outlet of combustion chamber or seat of valve with the waste gas discharging area being arranged in firing chamber can be favourable.In addition, combustion gas can therefore be realized directly and thus flow into combustion gas losslessly and extract in passage.
The third favourable improvement project of the present invention in this direction further, wherein, although exhaust passage have equally by flowing be arranged on the downstream of combustion gas relief opening, the exhaust cylindrical shell of pref. cylindrical, but described exhaust pipe body can than much short in the aforementioned improved scheme with such exhaust cylindrical shell.Because exhaust cylindrical shell here only must accommodate on the side deviating from firing chamber of valve disc along valve rod axial direction protrude, to be vented the step of cylindrical shell shape of cross section, as long as outlet valve is closed or extract at combustion gas and open in scope and be opened, therefore exhaust passage is closed or at least throttling to the inflow in exhaust passage.At this, combustion gas extraction passage is in branch in the stub area outside step diametrically, and out (namely in the region of the seat of valve of valve disc), described stub area is covered by the side deviating from firing chamber of valve disc when the outlet valve of closing.Therefore, when exhaust valve closure, combustion gas extract passage to be separated with firing chamber.
But, stub area is preferably located in region radially outer is contiguous on step or at least near the excircle of step, seat of valve is more stretched out diametrically than stub area, and therefore guarantee when exhaust valve closure that the reliable of exhaust outlet of combustion chamber is closed, when exhaust valve closure, the side deviating from firing chamber of valve disc rests on described seat of valve.
In this improvement project especially advantageously, structural the expending for throttling arrangement is low especially.Only the dorsal part of valve disc must be extended slightly by step, if step sticker leans against on the excircle of exhaust cylindrical shell, and the so correspondingly inner circumferential surface of accurate process exhaust cylindrical shell, and make to consist of and align well with valve rod axis.Before the entry port of recirculating line or point of branching are also arranged on relative to the point of branching of exhaust passage or entry port or with side by side, combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage and directly open towards firing chamber, and at the combustion gas optimized, this flow into that angle that combustion gas extract passage is proved to be is favourable.On the other hand, extract at combustion gas at this in region of the point of branching of passage and high heat load occurs, extract in the thin material extension of the chamber wall between passage especially true in firing chamber and combustion gas.In order to guarantee enough coolings at this, therefore in the region of combustion gas relief opening, be arranged in the material of chamber wall, especially the coolant line be arranged in material that seat of valve and combustion gas extract between passage be favourable.
If to widen towards firing chamber with extracting port annular or described combustion gas extract passage via circlewise towards the point of branching opened of exhaust cylindrical shell from combustion gas relief opening branch out at these combustion gas, then coolant line preferably at least local linking.At this, need to be transported to the combustion gas in combustion gas extraction passage to gather, the point of branching that annular is opened is favourable, and point of branching can preferably stretch in the material of chamber wall by crowned for this reason.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Favourable form of implementation of the present invention is set forth below by means of accompanying drawing.Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the internal-combustion engine according to the first form of implementation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial sectional view of the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber of internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1 in the outlet valve of closing;
Fig. 3 be outlet valve combustion gas extract open open in scope time corresponding to the view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 be outlet valve combustion gas extract open open in scope time according to the sketch in the region of the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber of another form of implementation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 be outlet valve waste gas discharge open open in scope time corresponding to the view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram in region of the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber in the outlet valve of closing, this outlet valve not included in the internal-combustion engine within the present invention not included on the cylinder cap within the present invention, for task of explanation;
Fig. 7 be outlet valve combustion gas extract open open in scope time corresponding to the view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 be outlet valve waste gas discharge open open in scope time corresponding to the view of Fig. 6 and 7;
The schematic diagram of exhaust combustion chamber port area of Fig. 9 for being slightly out of shape relative to the form of implementation shown in Fig. 6 to 8;
Figure 10 is the plotted curve with the pressure change procedure described about crank angle;
Figure 11 is the plotted curve with the flow cross section described about crank angle.
Embodiment
Main application fields of the present invention is two-stroke large diesel engine, as it is such as used as marine drive.The basic structure of this kind of setting and the mode of action itself known.Usually a part for waste gas is sent to feedback at this, be that is recycled in active chamber 2, for minimizing NOX discharge amount.Control to simplify and guarantee accurate metering, this so-called recycle gas should be combustion gas pure as far as possible, is not that is the waste gas by scavenging gas dilution.
Fig. 1 such as has the internal-combustion engine of combustion gas recirculation as seen, and described internal-combustion engine form of implementation according to the present invention is improved.But the present invention is not limited to the pure in FIG structure exemplarily illustrated of recycling device.Also different outlet valve constructed according to the invention and cylinder cap can be used, as exemplarily drawn from other Fig. 2 to 9.
In addition, the present invention is also not limited to the motor with combustion gas recirculation, but also can be used in as other object extracts combustion gas.Therefore when talking about " scope is opened in recirculation " of outlet valve below, although so therefore mean " combustion gas extract and open scope " in the internal-combustion engine with combustion gas recirculation, and illustrate that " recirculating line " substitutes conventional explanation " combustion gas extraction passage ".But, when combustion gas should extract in order to the object different from combustion gas recirculation or extract, illustrated form of implementation of the present invention can be used equally.
Draw a cylinder 1 of internal-combustion engine in FIG, described internal-combustion engine can have the cylinder of multiple setting in column.Each cylinder 1 comprises firing chamber 2, and described firing chamber passes downwardly through the mode that is not shown specifically via piston rod, crosshead and connecting rod and bent axle is coefficient, the piston 3 that can move up and down limits.In the lower area of cylinder 1, be provided with air inlet slot 4, described air inlet slot is passed through by piston 3 and is controlled up and down by this way.The air inlet slot 4 of each cylinder 1 is communicated with the service duct 5 matched, described service duct be connected to one run through through all cylinders, can be loaded with on the distribution piping 6 of pressurized air.Air inlet slot 4 is correspondingly used as suction port, and firing chamber 2 can load combustion air via described suction port.
In the region of cylinder cap upwards limiting firing chamber 2, be provided with outlet valve 9, combustion gas relief opening 20 can be opened and closed via described outlet valve.In addition, the fuel injection system be not shown specifically can be provided with there.
Combustion gas relief opening 20 is connected with exhaust passage 11.The exhaust passage 11 of all cylinders is connected to one under normal circumstances in the common waste gas influx pipe 12 of all cylinders.Exhaust pipe 13 is from described waste gas influx pipe, and described exhaust pipe is that waste gas supplied by the turbo machine 14 of exhaust-gas turbocharger.Described turbo machine 14 drives compressor 15, described compressor via scavenging air pipe line 16 by compressed scavenging air feed-in pressurized air distribution piping 6.Scavenging air-cooler 17 can be provided with in scavenging air pipe line 16.
The waste gas leaving turbo machine 14 is discharged in surrounding environment.In order to remain alap by the NOx content of described waste gas, a part for the gas produced in firing chamber 2 when burning is led back to (recirculation) in firing chamber 2 directly or indirectly again.Be provided with recirculating line 18 for this reason, described recirculating line branch and pass into and run through in the recycle gas merging chamber 19 of all cylinders 1 in the region of combustion gas relief opening 20, described recycle gas merging chamber is connected on pressurized air distribution piping 6 via optional processing unit 21 by the pipe section of recirculating line 18 again, for cooling and/or clean and/or filter the recycle gas extracted.Finally, recirculating line 18 is connected with the air inlet slot 4 being used as forced air induction mouth.
Based in the arranging of Fig. 1, recycle gas to be mixed in scavenging air or scavenging gas and to it can be used as pressurized air, that is indirectly, flowing to firing chamber 2.For this reason, recirculating line 18 passes in pressurized air distribution piping 6.Recirculating line 18 pass into before mouth also can be arranged on cooler 17, as marked by a dotted line in FIG.The own cooling unit of recycle gas can be saved in such cases.
That extract from firing chamber 2 and the scavenging air pressure of pressure ratio in scavenging air pipe line 16 of recycle gas in feed-in recirculating line 18 is higher, make to there is automatic flowing, and be unnecessary for the additional unit improving the pressure in recirculating line 18.Reliably prevent from returning back in recirculating line 18 in order to when transient pressure spike in pressurized air, can be respectively equipped with the safety check in recirculating line 18 in region such as between pressurized air distribution piping 6 and recycle gas merging chamber 19, this safety check is opened towards combustion chamber charge side.
In addition, such as can be respectively equipped with the safety check 23 in recirculating line 18 in the region between recycle gas merging chamber 19 and corresponding firing chamber 2, described safety check is opened towards combustion chamber charge side.Therefore, it is possible to guarantee simultaneously, only have when the pressure of the pressure ratio on this side of combustion gas relief opening 20 on that side of recycle gas merging chamber 19 is higher, combustion gas can flow through recirculating line 18, and when the pressure of the pressure ratio on this side of combustion gas relief opening 20 on that side of recycle gas merging chamber 19 is lower, do not refluxed by the combustion gas collected as recycle gas there.
As already mentioned, extract from firing chamber 2 with the pressure of the combustion gas of recirculation higher than charge-air pressure, make the unit not needing to add, such as pump or compressor.Throttling arrangement arranged according to the present invention obviously contributes to this.
The different deformation program of known combustion gas recirculation system, combustion-gas recirculation system shown in Figure 1 is only pure here exemplarily to be realized.Such as can more than enough times there is the element comparable with the element to have mentioned, to guarantee parallel operation.Some in shown element can also be divided into unit that functionally separate, that be arranged in series, to realize when the motor of operation discussion desired functional.In addition, such system can form the core of expanding system, described expanding system such as has other element in the downstream of turbo machine 14 or upstream, so as can further to utilize the energy that comprises in the offgas or so that before waste gas is finally discharged in surrounding environment clean described waste gas.At element as the air stream in the upstream of compressor 15 or downstream also can be subject to other process by unshowned equipment in FIG.Described air stream also can be mixed with internal substance, described internal substance is different from pure ambient air, make before the combustion gas of recirculation are added to equally arrange and be used for that the gas flow of scavenging is carried out to cylinder, replace pure scavenging air to exist equally having other gaseous state, the scavenging gas of combustible or incombustible internal substance.Final existence, the gaseous mixture be used for cylinder carries out scavenging is set can has the composition range of non-constant width and be called as " pressurized air ".Self-evident, the present invention can be applied in all this kind of combustion-gas recirculation systems.
At this, there is the first form of implementation of the combustion gas relief opening of the throttling arrangement 10 of aforementioned type in figs 2 and 3 as seen.Fig. 2 illustrates the firing chamber 2 under the state of separating in the outlet valve 9 by closing and exhaust passage 11.And what mark with dotted line is the position of opening completely of outlet valve 9.Therefore, outlet valve 9 is moved up and down, as indicated by thick double-head arrow along with by the piston rod 3 motion control time regularly.
At this, outlet valve 9 has valve disc 8, and described valve disc to rest on seat of valve and therefore closes combustion gas relief opening 20 in closed position, and opens combustion gas relief opening 20 when valve 9 moves downward.At this, valve disc 8 is fixed on valve rod 7, described valve rod is bearing in again in cylinder cap in known manner, and under normal circumstances via unshowned camshaft actuated here, also other valve operating gear can be imagined, especially according to so-called valve electronic control principle, and the machinery do not had between bent axle and valve rod is coupled, the valve direct electron control gear such as occurred recently and the valve operating gear or the analog that utilize electromagnet.
At this, valve rod 7 is provided with the throttling projection 10 symmetrically formed, or rather, on following position, on described position throttling projection 10 the outlet valve 9 (Fig. 2) of closing and until opening degree (Fig. 3) desired by certain be arranged on and be arranged in the region in the downstream of the point of branching of recirculating line 18 and exhaust passage 11 by flowing.In this scope between the position illustrated in figs. 2 and 3 of outlet valve 9, throttling projection 10 abuts on the inner circumference of the cylindrical sector of exhaust passage 11 with its excircle, and thus at least substantially for from firing chamber 2 flow out combustion gas for closes vent passage 11, described scope opens scope corresponding to the recirculation of outlet valve 9, described closing is not definitely necessary forcibly, as long as realize for the important restriction effect of the present invention.
Therefore, as indicated by arrow in figure 3, the combustion gas flowed out in this stage from firing chamber 2 deflect towards the direction of recirculating line 18, also helpful to this, the surface towards the hyperbola on the side of firing chamber 2 or rounding of throttling projection 10 and have same rounding side, ring, exhaust passage 11 in the region of the branch that is centered around recirculating line 18 around diameter widening portion 22.
Then, if outlet valve 9 from desired, limit the position shown in Figure 3 that recirculation opens the opening degree of the coboundary of scope and be moved down into its position of opening completely (indicating with dotted line in fig. 2) further, then throttling protruding 10 arrive recirculating lines 18 point of branching and thus in the region of diameter widening portion 22, and can be streamed through combustion gas relief opening 20 effluent air opened completely by from firing chamber 2 there, described gas is therefore, it is possible to discharge by exhaust passage 11.
At this, shown form of implementation is favourable in many aspects equally.Therefore, during initial open stage, in in fig. 2 and between position shown in Figure 3 of outlet valve 9, namely extracting at recycle gas or combustion gas opens in scope, there are pure or almost pure combustion gas in firing chamber 2, because in this stage, air inlet slot 4 is not passed through or is at least passed through also not far, and now described combustion gas also have high pressure.Therefore, the combustion gas flowed in recirculating line 18 have the characteristic being expected to be useful in recirculation, namely relative to the overvoltage of the pressure of the gas and scavenging gas or scavenging air that are arranged in scavenging system, it should mix in the combustion gas flow in recirculating line 18, safety check 23 is opened in recirculating line 18, as indicated in figure 3.On the other hand, combustion gas also have expects low oxygen concentration, and described oxygen concentration just improves after opening air inlet slot 4 and pressurized air.
And in the back to back exhaust vent stage, namely in the outlet valve 9 opened further, as indicated by a dotted line in fig. 2, piston 3, through forced air induction slot 4, makes in firing chamber 2, there is the gaseous mixture with disadvantageous low-pressure for recirculation.Present described gaseous mixture arrives in the entrance region of exhaust passage 11 through the combustion gas relief opening 20 greatly opened, and arrives there in the region of diameter widening portion 22, and therefore throttling projection 10 is also arranged in the region of described diameter widening portion.Therefore, it is possible for streaming described throttling projection 10, does not have obvious back pressure to be applied to from firing chamber 2 on effluent air at this.First totality flows out from firing chamber, because the pressure in waste gas influx pipe 12 is in principle lower than pressurization gas pressure.Therefore, gaseous mixture can not enter in recirculating line 18 and not open safety check 23 in other words in the exhaust vent stage, but streams described throttling projection or throttling bodies 10 along the direction towards waste gas influx pipe 12, and therefore cuts off with recirculation.
Figure 4 and 5 illustrate another form of implementation of the present invention, wherein use the outlet valve 109 of slightly retrofiting and recirculating line 118a, 118b from the stub area of the change of exhaust passage 11.But firing chamber 2 can not change relative to the form of implementation shown in Fig. 1 to 3 itself, this is also applicable to other engine components shown in Figure 1 in addition.
In this case, valve rod 10 is provided with equally around throttling projection 110.But described throttling projection is set directly at the downstream of valve disc 108.Meanwhile, recirculating line point of branching or when this form of implementation the point of branching of recirculating line 118a, 118b be located immediately in the immediate area of combustion gas relief opening 120.At this, combustion gas relief opening 120 is consisted of the dorsal part of valve disc 108 and the seat of valve on chamber wall on the recirculation aperture position shown in Figure 4 of outlet valve 109, and combustion gas relief opening 120 is formed between the dorsal part of the protruding or throttling plate 110 of throttling and radial outside and seat of valve on the exhaust vent position shown in Figure 5 of outlet valve 109.
As in the first form of implementation of the present invention, throttling projection here 110 is also arranged in the region being arranged on the downstream of point of branching 118a, 118b of recirculating line by flowing of closes vent passage 11 at least as much as possible when scope is opened in recirculation at outlet valve 109, the combustion gas flowed out from firing chamber 2 are opened in scope in the recirculation of outlet valve to be imported in recirculating line 118a, 118b, as indicated by arrow in the diagram.At this, in each recirculating line or in the recirculating line section passing into each recirculating line 118a, 118b, can be respectively equipped with safety check, as drawn in figures 4 and 5, described safety check is only not shown for space reasons in recirculating line 118b in the diagram.Now, only have when described combustion gas have than when collecting the higher pressure of the recycle gas that collects in container 19, safety check just allows recycle gas or combustion gas to flow into recirculation to collect in container 19.
On the contrary, if outlet valve 108 has larger opening degree or described outlet valve and is arranged in waste gas and discharges and open scope, so around throttling projection 110 no longer closes vent passage 11, existing gas is made to flow in exhaust passage 11, and therefrom in further inflow exhaust gas influx pipe 12, as indicated by arrow in Figure 5.It should be noted that, flow in the meaning of recirculation side with improvement at combustion gas, can not only be provided with two recirculating lines 118a, 118b, and also can be provided with more be or rather the recirculating line circumferentially distributed of columniform exhaust passage 11 herein.Therefore, also can be provided with around, the circumferential recess of inwall, described recirculating line 118 sends from described circumferential recess.
Fig. 6 to 8 only illustrate of the present invention when outlet valve 308 (Fig. 6) of closing, outlet valve (Fig. 7) of opening in recirculation scope and the outlet valve (Fig. 8) opened in waste gas discharge scope in other form of implementation.
In this form of implementation, the step 310 that throttling arrangement is protruded by the dorsal part from valve disc 308 is formed, described step outlet valve 309 on the closed position shown in Fig. 6 until closes vent passage 11 in scope is opened in the recirculation on the position with the opening degree of expectation shown in Figure 7 of outlet valve, but open recirculating line 318 or its circlewise around exhaust passage 11 around branch 318a or its circlewise around exhaust passage 11 around, for being flowed out the entry port 318a of the inflow of combustion gas by combustion gas relief opening 320 from firing chamber 2.On the contrary, in waste gas discharge scope shown in Figure 8, outlet valve 307 moves to until make step 310 no longer abut in opening on the position of scope corresponding to recirculation of the cylindrical wall of exhaust passage 11 in firing chamber, but opens described exhaust passage 11.As previously outlined, also safety check can be provided with in recirculating line 318 here.
Because in this form of implementation, the entry port or the point of branching 318a that lead to recirculating line 318 are set directly on the relief opening 320 of firing chamber 2, material between chamber wall and recirculating line 318 or point of branching 318a is exposed in large heat load, there is very thin material extension at the same time.In order to reduce shortcoming described above, slightly retrofit in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 6 to 8 of the present invention, as shown in Figure 9.
In this case, be in the material extension between the surface of the combustion chamber side of recirculating line 418 and entry port 418a and be provided with coolant channel 24, described coolant channel guides around exhaust passage 11 equally.Simultaneously, recirculation entry port 418a extend into unlimited collecting volume and also have the entrance region of recirculating line 418 to be such as away from backward further in ground, firing chamber Implant in material, and making can better through affected by hot loading in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 6 to 8 of the present invention at this wider material extension ratio.At this additionally, valve rod 307 represents well-known pivoting leaf loop in specialty with mark 25, and described pivoting leaf loop causes the rotational motion of valve via the gas flow through, the rotational motion of described valve should prevent the premature abrasion of outlet valve 309 and seat of valve.
What internal-combustion engine according to the present invention illustratively and is qualitatively illustrated to the curve b of the change procedure by the flow cross section freely in the region of air inlet slot forming scavenging gas inlet 4 of piston 3 is the motion that ° KW (number of degrees of the crank angle after upper dead center) after OT illustrates according to unit in fig. 11.And curve a illustrates the change procedure of the flow cross section freely in the region of combustion gas relief opening 20.At this, change procedure when being depicted in the outlet valve 9 of camshaft actuated with solid line, and with dotted line indicate when electronically controlled and there is not the mechanical coupling of the outlet valve handled between bent axle and valve rod possible change procedure.
According to the about 115 ° KWs of curve a such as after OT, that is during downward stroke, above lower dead centre, when 65 °, realize opening by the outlet valve 9 of camshaft control.Can omit early in outlet valve that is electronically controlled and that handle, such as start when about 110 ° of KW after OT and open described in then stopping, so as be fully opened and outlet valve move in waste gas discharge scope before prolonging combustion gas extraction open scope.
After OT, about 135 ° of KW (that is, during downward stroke above lower dead centre 45 °), scavenging gas inlet 4 is opened according to curve b.Prerequisite is the power transmission machine be made up of piston 3 and bent axle is symmetrical substantially, and at this, scavenging gas inlet 6 is again closed when precontract 135 ° of KW of OT in the up stroke of piston 3.The closedown that the usual and upper dead center of outlet valve 9 asymmetricly controls realizes a little later in up stroke, makes reliably to rush the active chamber 2 swept in the outlet valve 9 opened.No longer extract combustion gas at this, in the up stroke of piston, therefore there is not combustion gas extraction open scope, the control of outlet valve that is electronically controlled and that handle can be carried out corresponding to the common outlet valve by camshaft control.
When opening outlet valve 9, the waste gas of outflow causes the pressure in exhaust passage 11 to raise.In Fig. 10, relevant to piston movement in curve c, that is about crank angle, draw the change procedure of the pressure in exhaust passage 11.As can be seen here, when opening outlet valve 9, the pressure in exhaust passage 11 improves suddenly.That this causes having one or more peak value, that about 115 ° of KW after OT start compression shock e.Compression shock e continues the relatively short time and only extends on about 20 ° of KW.Corresponding to this, compression shock e also terminated before opening air inlet slot 4.Opening of scavenging gas inlet 4 causes finally terminating of compression shock e in each case.
Another curve d provided in Fig. 10 is depicted in the pressure change procedure about crank angle in firing chamber 2.Because the pressure in firing chamber 2 is relatively high, on the y coordinate matched with pressure for curve d, adopt the scale being different from curve c here.And curve c and d intersects in Fig. 10.But this is only according to different scales.When applying identical scale, curve c and d is non-intersect or under any circumstance non-intersect in the region of compression shock e.According to curve a (Figure 11), outlet valve 9 is from opening completely about 115 ° of KW after OT.Therefore, the pressure in firing chamber 2 and in exhaust passage 11 is roughly equal to about 180 ° of KW after OT from about 150 ° of KW after OT after compression shock e terminates.From about 160 ° of KW after OT, according to curve b, scavenging gas inlet 4 is opened completely.
Corresponding to this, in firing chamber 2 and in exhaust passage 11 pressure is only smaller than scavenging gas pressure, and this is set forth by curve f in Fig. 10, and this curve illustrates the pressure in scavenging system, and draws with the scale as curve c.In compression shock e, can clearly pick out at this, pressure in an exhaust gas after opening outlet valve soon significantly more than the pressure f in scavenging system, therefore achieve positive pressure difference, described positive pressure difference is used for combustion gas to clamp-on combustion gas according to the present invention and extracts in channel system and clamp-on further by the combustion gas recirculation loop of terminating Anywhere of suction port in scavenging gas system.In this case it should be noted that, due to the direct larger volume compressed immediately after outlet valve Effector in the downstream of outlet valve, the shape of curve c is obviously more flat in compression shock e, and when there is not throttling arrangement of the present invention, only can obtain lower maximum pressure value.
Be in obviously confirm here at mark g, for purge scavenging with gas pressure f higher than in an exhaust gas and actual pressure in exhaust emission system below.During this stage, when purge suction port is open towards firing chamber, therefore the positive pressure difference amassing transmission between scavenging system and exhaust emission system via cylinder body is present in, make described scavenging cause scavenging gas to enter into cylinder body by suction port to amass, and the outlet valve causing combustion gas to pass through to open is extruded simultaneously.
Variant and the remodeling of shown form of implementation are possible, and do not leave scope of the present invention.
Therefore the rotating machinery of such as valve is not compulsory for the function of recirculation controlling device, but can be arranged on equally in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 1 to 7.On the contrary, if lack such rotating machinery, so with throttling plate, sliding sleeve or also can have diverse geometrical shape from the throttling arrangement of the form of the step of valve disc projection and the section that matches of exhaust passage.But in shown form of implementation, throttling plate, sliding sleeve or any radial direction from the same edge of the section that matches of the step of valve disc projection and exhaust passage about valve axis construct symmetrically.
Self-evident, outlet valve can according to the present invention by one, i.e. single type ground or assembled by more than one piece, also can by other component, and such as pivoting leaf loop 25 or other component are fixed on described outlet valve.Importantly, outlet valve always as a whole unit controlled and moved.Cylinder cap also can become assembly by each component installaiton, and each component can adapt to especially and can realize its corresponding function and/or inner chamber, such as water cooling annulus line 24.In addition, in all forms of implementation, that be provided with ACTIVE CONTROL in passage or recirculating line or passive safety check is extracted at combustion gas.
Reference numerals list
Cylinder (1)
Firing chamber (2)
Piston (3)
Air inlet slot (4)
Service duct (5)
Distribution piping (6)
Valve rod (7,107,307)
Valve disc (8,108,308)
Outlet valve (9,109,309)
Throttling arrangement (10,110,310)
Throttling projection (10,110)
Throttling step (310)
Exhaust passage (11)
Waste gas influx pipe (12)
Exhaust pipe (13)
Turbo machine (14)
Compressor (15)
Exhaust-gas turbocharger (14,15)
Charge-air pipe (16)
Charger-air cooler (17)
Combustion gas extract passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a)
Recycle gas merging chamber (19)
Combustion gas relief opening (20)
Recycle gas processing unit (21)
Diameter widening portion (22)
Safety check (23)
Water cooling annulus line (24)
Valve pivoting leaf loop (25)

Claims (24)

1. two-stroke large diesel engine, it comprises at least one by cylinder (1) and the firing chamber (2) that limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), described firing chamber has combustion gas relief opening (20,120,320,420) between at least one valve disc being formed in outlet valve (9,109,309) respectively (8,108,308) and the seat of valve matched and at least one forced air induction mouth (4), and described outlet valve (9,109,309) can operate between open and closed positions; And described combustion gas relief opening (20,120,320,420) and at least one exhaust passage (11) and with at least one combustion gas extract passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) be connected, for a part for the combustion gas produced when burning is led back to forced air induction mouth (4);
It is characterized in that, be provided with and be fixed on outlet valve (9, 109, 309) on or with outlet valve (9, 109, 309) throttling arrangement (10 that single type ground is shaping, 110, 310), described throttling arrangement is at outlet valve (9, 109, 309) from outlet valve (9, 109, 309) although closed position until the combustion gas that reach desired opening degree extract to open in scope and do not prevent combustion gas from flowing in exhaust passage (11), but with at outlet valve (9, 109, 309) from larger opening degree until reach open position waste gas discharge open scope compare more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, described throttling arrangement (10, 110, 310) waste gas discharge to open in scope not throttling completely or at least less throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage (11), described throttling arrangement (10,110,310) and described combustion gas extract passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) the point of branching of exhaust side be set to each other, make throttling arrangement (10,110,310) combustion gas extract to open in scope not throttling completely or indistinctively throttled combustion gas to combustion gas extraction passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) in inflow.
2. two-stroke large diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described outlet valve (9,109,309) controls, before making to arrive certain piston position in downward stroke, outlet valve is not opened, this piston position be start to open forced air induction mouth (4) piston position above minimum 1 ° and the crank angle of the highest 40 °.
3. two-stroke large diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the point of branching that described throttling arrangement and described combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage is set to each other, makes throttling arrangement discharge to open in scope at waste gas and to prevent or at least throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas; And/or extract in passage at combustion gas and be provided with safety check, described safety check is discharged to open in scope at waste gas and to be prevented or at least throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
4. two-stroke large diesel engine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the point of branching that described throttling arrangement and described combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage is set to each other, makes throttling arrangement discharge to open in scope at waste gas and to prevent or at least throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas; And/or extract in passage at combustion gas and be provided with safety check, described safety check is discharged to open in scope at waste gas and to be prevented or at least throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
5. the two-stroke large diesel engine as described in one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, described throttling arrangement (10, 110) there is the valve rod (7 from outlet valve (9), 107) radially protrude, around throttling projection (10, 110), described throttling projection (10, 110) valve rod (7 is arranged on, 107) in region, this region is at outlet valve (9, 109) what be positioned at exhaust passage (11) when combustion gas extract and open and open in scope is arranged on combustion gas extraction passage (18 by flowing, 118a, the downstream of the point of branching of exhaust side 118b), exhaust passage cylindrically constructs in this region.
6. two-stroke large diesel engine as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described combustion gas extraction passage (18) and combustion gas relief opening (20) are at interval in exhaust passage (11) middle branch out, described throttling projection (10) is arranged in the region of valve rod (7), this region is approximately arranged in exhaust passage (11) at outlet valve (9) combustion gas when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope extract on the height of the point of branching of passage (18), and described exhaust passage (11) extract at combustion gas in the region of the point of branching of passage (18) has diameter widening portion, make outlet valve (9) waste gas discharge open open in scope time throttling projection (10) completely not or with outlet valve (9) combustion gas extract open open in scope time compared with at least less throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage (11).
7. two-stroke large diesel engine as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described diameter widening portion is ring.
8. two-stroke large diesel engine as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described throttling projection (110) is arranged in the region of valve rod (107), this region is arranged in firing chamber (2) at outlet valve (109) when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope, and the point of branching that combustion gas extract passage (118a, 118b) is arranged on seat of valve or is positioned at the region of direct next-door neighbour's seat of valve of outlet valve (11).
9. two-stroke large diesel engine as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described valve rod (7,107) in the region of throttling projection (10,110) at least throttling projection (10,110) on the side of valve disc (8,108) with the maximum radially outer size being transitioned into throttling projection (10,110) deviously, throttling projection (10,110) is rounding on its radially outward edge.
10. the two-stroke large diesel engine as described in one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, described exhaust passage has the exhaust cylindrical shell being arranged on the downstream of combustion gas relief opening by flowing, at least one gas exhaust piping and at least one combustion gas extraction passage is gone out in the excircle top set of exhaust cylindrical shell, the point of branching of described gas exhaust piping is arranged on the downstream that combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage, and described throttling arrangement has the slider that can slide axially and be contained in movably in exhaust cylindrical shell, described slider and outlet valve are permanently connected, slider is made to hide the point of branching of gas exhaust piping at least in part when combustion gas extract and open and open in scope at outlet valve.
11. two-stroke large diesel engines as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, slider and the outlet valve of described throttling arrangement are permanently connected, and make this slider hide at outlet valve the point of branching that combustion gas extract passage at least in part when waste gas is discharged and opened and open in scope.
12. two-stroke large diesel engines as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described slider is configured to columniform sliding sleeve, and described sliding sleeve is connected with the valve rod of outlet valve, and described exhaust cylindrical shell is columniform equally.
13. two-stroke large diesel engines as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described outlet valve is revolvable.
14. two-stroke large diesel engines as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described columniform sliding sleeve is connected with the valve rod of outlet valve via multiple radial supporter.
15. two-stroke large diesel engines as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, gas exhaust piping is provided with and is multiplely distributed in the exhaust point of branching circumferentially of cylindrical shell and/or gas exhaust piping is provided with one circlewise towards the point of branching that exhaust cylindrical shell opens wide.
16. two-stroke large diesel engines as described in one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, described exhaust passage (11) has and is arranged on the downstream of combustion gas relief opening (420) by flowing, columniform exhaust cylindrical shell, and described throttling arrangement (310) to have on the side deviating from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308) along valve rod (307) axial direction or at least protrude with axial direction component, to be vented the step (310) of cylindrical shell shape of cross section, described step at outlet valve (309) although combustion gas extract open and open in scope time do not make exhaust cylindrical shell close, but exhaust cylindrical shell is narrowed, described combustion gas extract passage (318, 318a, 418, 418a) in the stub area being in step (310) radially outer, branch is out, described stub area is covered by the side deviating from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308) when outlet valve (309) is closed, described valve disc more stretches out diametrically than stub area, combustion gas are made to extract passage (318, 318a, 418, 418a) separate with firing chamber (2), described stub area is arranged in the region that radial direction is outwards close to step (310) or at least near the excircle of step (310), and seat of valve more stretches out diametrically than stub area, when outlet valve (309) is closed, the side deviating from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308) rests on seat of valve.
17. two-stroke large diesel engines as described in one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, described combustion gas extract passage (18,318,318a, 418,418a) in combustion gas exhaust ports branch out, stretch in material via a point of branching opened towards exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise (22,318a, 418a) this point of branching crowned; And/or combustion gas extraction passage (118a, 118b) are provided with multiple point of branching (118a, 118b) circumferentially distributed at exhaust cylindrical shell.
18. two-stroke large diesel engines as described in one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, be provided with the coolant line (24) of at least local linking in the material of chamber wall in the region of combustion gas relief opening (420).
19. two-stroke large diesel engines as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, described coolant line (24) is arranged in the material at seat of valve rear.
20. for the cylinder cap of the two-stroke large diesel engine as described in one of claim 1 to 19, described two-stroke large diesel engine has at least one by cylinder (1) and the firing chamber (2) that limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), cylinder cap have for outlet valve (9, 109, 309) valve disc (8, 108, 308) seat of valve, described outlet valve opens and closes the combustion gas relief opening (20 on cylinder cap, 120, 320, 420), described combustion gas relief opening (20, 120, 320, 420) passage (18 is extracted with at least one exhaust passage (11) and at least one combustion gas, 118a, 118b, 318, 318a, 418, 418a) connect, for a part for the combustion gas produced when burning is led back forced air induction mouth (4),
It is characterized in that, be provided with and be fixed on outlet valve (9, 109, 309) on or with outlet valve (9, 109, 309) throttling arrangement (10 that single type ground is shaping, 110, 310), described throttling arrangement is at outlet valve (9, 109, 309) from outlet valve (9, 109, 309) although closed position until the combustion gas that reach desired opening degree extract to open in scope and do not prevent combustion gas from flowing in exhaust passage (11), but with at outlet valve (9, 109, 309) from larger opening degree until reach open position waste gas discharge open scope compare more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage, described throttling arrangement (10, 110, 310) waste gas discharge to open in scope not throttling completely or at least less throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage (11), described throttling arrangement (10,110,310) and described combustion gas extract passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) the point of branching of exhaust side be set to each other, make throttling arrangement (10,110,310) combustion gas extract to open in scope not throttling completely or indistinctively throttled combustion gas to combustion gas extraction passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) in inflow.
21. methods extracting combustion gas on the two-stroke large diesel engine as described in one of claim 1 to 19 at work,
It is characterized in that, at outlet valve (9, 109, 309) from outlet valve (9, 109, 309) closed position is until the combustion gas extraction reaching desired opening degree is opened in scope, via being fixed on outlet valve (9, 109, 309) upper or with outlet valve (9, 109, 309) throttling arrangement (10 that single type ground is shaping, 110, 310) although do not prevent, but with at outlet valve (9, 109, 309) from larger opening degree until reach open position waste gas discharge open scope compare more strongly throttled combustion gas to the inflow in exhaust passage (11), and discharge at waste gas and open in scope by throttling arrangement (10, 110, 310) not throttling or indistinctively throttled combustion gas to combustion gas extract passage (18, 118a, 118b, 318, 318a, 418, inflow 418a).
22. methods as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that, discharging at waste gas opens in scope, via throttling arrangement and/or be arranged on combustion gas extract in passage can be actively controlled or passive safety check prevents or at least throttled combustion gas to extract the inflow in passage to combustion gas.
23. methods as described in claim 21 or 22, is characterized in that, supplement the control time regulating throttling arrangement in the outlet valve of electronic control constantly.
24. methods as described in claim 21 or 22, is characterized in that, by the outlet valve of camshaft control, via at combustion gas, the safety check that can be actively controlled extracted in passage controls the combustion gas flow extracted.
CN201180054452.2A 2010-12-11 2011-12-09 Two-stroke large diesel engine, cylinder cap and combustion gas extracting method Active CN103370523B (en)

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DE102010054206.7A DE102010054206B4 (en) 2010-12-11 2010-12-11 Two-stroke large diesel engine, exhaust valve and cylinder head for it, as well as production, operation and use of an internal combustion engine
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PCT/EP2011/006219 WO2012076183A1 (en) 2010-12-11 2011-12-09 Internal combustion engine, exhaust valve and cylinder head therefor, and production, operation and use of an internal combustion engine

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