CN110043363B - Reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110043363B CN110043363B CN201910255312.XA CN201910255312A CN110043363B CN 110043363 B CN110043363 B CN 110043363B CN 201910255312 A CN201910255312 A CN 201910255312A CN 110043363 B CN110043363 B CN 110043363B
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- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B31/00—Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
- F02B69/06—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different cycles, e.g. convertible from two-stroke to four stroke
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a reciprocating piston two-stroke internal combustion engine. The technical scheme is as follows: the air inlet system and the air outlet system are both positioned on the cylinder cover, the head of the air inlet valve adopts a longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve, an air valve seat ring of the air inlet valve and the tail section of the air inlet pipe form a longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe, the air valve seat ring is positioned in the middle section of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe, the narrowest part of the air valve seat ring becomes the throat part of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe, and the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe, the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head inside the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe, an annular gap formed between the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head and the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve. The beneficial effects are that: the engine has all the advantages of a four-stroke engine and a two-stroke engine, can overcome respective defects, can improve emission standard and service life compared with the traditional two-stroke engine, and can improve power density and output torque compared with the traditional four-stroke engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine (two-stroke engine for short), in particular to a reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine.
Background
Reciprocating piston engines are widely used and are the most common power machines at present. The method is mainly used for various vehicles, ships and aircrafts. The most important of these are four-stroke engines and two-stroke engines. These engines are in large numbers and have a very high use rate, and therefore, it is of great significance to increase their power density, to increase their emission standards, to extend their service life, and to increase their combustion efficiency.
The existing four-stroke engine has the mature technology and the most extensive application, the air inlet and exhaust devices are arranged on the cylinder cover, the working cycle comprises four independent strokes of air inlet, compression, work application and exhaust, and the four strokes have the advantages of high combustion efficiency, good lubrication, high emission standard, long service life and the like.
Compared with a four-stroke engine, the existing two-stroke engine has the advantages of high power density, simple structure, small weight and volume, stable rotation, small vibration, large torque, large power per liter and the like. The crank-link mechanism of the two-stroke engine rotates 360 degrees to complete a complete working cycle, and the crank-link mechanism of the four-stroke engine rotates 720 degrees to complete a complete working cycle, so that the output torque of the two-stroke engine is more uniform than that of the four-stroke engine; under the condition of same crankshaft speed and same working volume, the power density of two-stroke engine is twice higher than that of four-stroke engine, but its actual output power is only 50% -70% higher than that of four-stroke engine because of scavenging loss of two-stroke engine and effective working stroke reduced during scavenging. The two-stroke engine has its air inlet and exhaust device on the cylinder wall (including one on the cylinder wall and without cam shaft or one on the cylinder wall and with one cam shaft to control the other valve), and the two-stroke engine adopts mixed lubrication or separated lubrication mode while the four-stroke engine adopts combined pressure lubrication and splash lubrication mode. Therefore, the two-stroke engine cannot be lubricated by the lubricating oil stored in the crankcase in a repeated and cyclic manner like a four-stroke engine, the cylinder wall structure of the two-stroke engine is incomplete, a complete lubricating oil film capable of being used circularly cannot be formed between the piston and the cylinder wall, the two-stroke engine must mix the lubricating oil into the fuel oil or continuously add the lubricating oil to the cylinder wall independently, and the lubricating oil can only be discharged with the exhaust gas; the piston ring of the two-stroke engine only has an air ring and does not have an oil ring, so that poor lubrication and cylinder scuffing are easy to occur, and the piston ring of the four-stroke engine has both the air ring and the oil ring and is good in lubrication. During the operation of the two-stroke engine, the exhaust port is not closed when air is fed, and part of unburned gas mixture directly enters the exhaust port from the air inlet and is exhausted from the exhaust port. The lubricating oil mixed in the fuel is not sufficiently combusted, and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas are increased. The two-stroke engine has poor air inlet, poor exhaust, incomplete combustion and poor lubricating effect of moving parts of the two-stroke engine when running at high speed, so the two-stroke engine generally has the service life of 1/3-1/2 of a four-stroke engine, and has the defects of low combustion efficiency, poor lubrication, low emission standard, short service life and the like.
In summary, if the original structure of the four-stroke engine can be adopted to the maximum, the valve actuating mechanism, the fuel supply system and the ignition system of the four-stroke engine can be changed or adjusted to work according to the working mode of the two-stroke engine, namely, the transmission ratio of the crankshaft to the camshaft is 1 to 1, by improving the structure of the four-stroke engine as little as possible, and the top-intake and top-exhaust type two-stroke engine adopting the technologies of pure air scavenging and direct injection in the cylinder (namely, the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the two-stroke engine are both positioned on the cylinder cover as in the four-stroke engine) has a better prospect. The two-stroke engine is structurally highly similar to a four-stroke engine, can adopt a lubricating mode and a piston assembly which are completely the same as those of the four-stroke engine, has the advantages of mature structure, long service life, good lubrication and good reliability of the four-stroke engine, has the advantages of stable work, large torque and large power density of the two-stroke engine, does not need to mix lubricating oil into fuel oil or independently and continuously add the lubricating oil, and can enable the emission of the two-stroke engine to reach the level of the four-stroke engine. However, such two-stroke engines still have drawbacks, which are reflected in their valve train: the intake valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) of the top-inlet top-exhaust type two-stroke engine are both positioned on the cylinder cover (7) at the top of the combustion chamber, if the intake valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) which are completely the same as the four-stroke engine are used, because the valve heads of the intake valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) of the four-stroke engine are basically vertical to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder (6) and basically vertical to the reciprocating track of the piston (8) (i.e. horizontal type, as shown in figure 6), when the two-stroke engine works according to the working mode of the two-stroke engine, because the two-stroke engine does not have completely independent intake stroke and exhaust stroke, the exhaust and intake of the two-stroke engine are basically carried out simultaneously, the time that the exhaust valve (4) and the intake valve (16) are simultaneously in the open state in the process must be longer (i.e. the two, because the distance between the intake valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) is very close, and the piston (8) of the two-stroke engine is positioned near the bottom dead center and far away from the intake valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) positioned at the cylinder cover (7), most of fresh air enters the cylinder (6) from the intake valve (16) during scavenging instead of entering the bottom of the combustion chamber positioned near the bottom dead center to scavenge the waste gas, but airflow short circuit is generated between the conventional intake valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) near the cylinder cover (7), most of fresh air enters the cylinder (6) from the intake valve (16) and then directly enters the exhaust valve (4) at the top of the cylinder (6) and then enters the exhaust pipe (5) to be exhausted, so that the waste gas at the bottom of the combustion chamber near the bottom dead center of the piston (8) at the moment can not be fully exhausted to form a scavenging dead chamber, the proportion of residual waste gas in the cylinder (6) is high, the proportion of fresh air entering the cylinder (6) is not high, the engine is in an oxygen-deficient state and can even be shut down due to oxygen deficiency, and the key reason why the conventional valve type top-entry top-discharge two-stroke engine which is most similar to the four-stroke engine in structure at present cannot be put into practical use is the key reason (as shown in figure 6). There are several related patents that envisage solving the above-mentioned problems, such as: the top-mounted externally-opened gas distribution two-stroke engine with the publication number of CN101660461 adopts a full top-mounted valve structure and has a flow guide body structure to carry out scavenging on the two-stroke engine, but if the flow guide body structure is too large, the compression ratio is influenced, and if the flow guide body structure is too small, the problem of short circuit of air flow cannot be solved. The application number is 201310184706.3, the multimode full overhead valve two-stroke internal combustion engine using two-stroke atkinson cycle is based on the common two-stroke internal combustion engine, the cylinder cover structure of the overhead large-inclination embedded intake valve and the common exhaust valve is adopted, when the intake valve is opened, the intake valve itself acts as a temporary isolation plate, and the guide function of the formed overhead piston is utilized to realize the scavenging structure with higher efficiency, but after the intake airflow impacts the temporary isolation plate formed by the overhead large-inclination embedded intake valve itself during intake, the direction of the intake airflow is beneficially changed, the direction of the intake airflow is changed greatly to be changed, part of the airflow is turned to be aligned to the top of the piston near the bottom dead center, the problem of the short circuit of the airflow during scavenging can be partially solved, but after the airflow impacts the isolation plate, the kinetic energy of the intake airflow is greatly reduced, The air flow velocity is reduced, the air flow divergence effect is generated, because the high-efficiency low-resistance spray pipe technology is not used for effectively accelerating and restricting the air flow to form jet flow according to the fluid dynamics principle, the 'range' of the air flow is limited, the piston top of the two-stroke engine is positioned near the bottom dead center during scavenging and is far away from the air inlet valve positioned at the air cylinder cover, particularly when the structure is applied to a large-sized two-stroke engine, the distance between the embedded air inlet valve with large inclination and arranged at the top of the air cylinder cover and the piston top positioned near the bottom dead center is large, the low-speed divergence air flow with limited range hardly sweeps the burnt waste gas at the bottom of the combustion chamber near the bottom dead center, the scavenging efficiency is low, and a scavenging dead cavity is formed; meanwhile, a large inclination angle instead of vertical inverted T exists between the valve stem of the inlet valve of the large-inclination embedded inlet valve and the head of the inlet valve, the cross section of the valve stem is circular, and the valve stem can rotate by taking the longitudinal axis of the valve stem as an axis when an engine works, so that the problem of poor sealing and air leakage caused by mismatching between the valve stem head of the large-inclination embedded inlet valve and a matched valve seat ring of the inlet valve which is fixed with large inclination and can not rotate synchronously is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a reciprocating piston two-stroke internal combustion engine which addresses the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The invention provides a reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine which comprises a crank connecting rod mechanism, a lubricating system, a cooling system, a starting system, a fuel supply system, an air distribution mechanism and an ignition system, wherein the air inlet system and the air exhaust system are positioned on a cylinder cover (7), the head of an air inlet valve (16) adopts a longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head (2), the valve seat ring (12) of the air inlet valve (16) and the tail section part of an air inlet pipe (11) form a longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), the valve seat ring (12) is positioned in the middle section inside the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), the narrowest part of the valve seat ring (12) is a throat part of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), most of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head (2) is positioned below the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), and a valve rod (9) connected with the top end of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet valve head (2) below the valve seat ring (12) inside the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3) The upper section of the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) is connected with the air inlet pipe (11) after penetrating through the valve seat ring (12), the lower section of the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) is fixed on the cylinder cover (7) and is communicated with the inside of the cylinder (6), the sealing surface of the partial annular region at the top of the longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head (2) is contacted with the sealing surface of the annular region at the corresponding position below the valve seat ring (12) when the air inlet valve (16) is in a closed state to form sealing, the part of the inner part of the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) below the sealing surface of the valve seat ring (12) horizontally surrounds the longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head (2) in the inner part and forms a continuous annular gap with the longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head (2) in the inner part, the annular gap is communicated with the inside of the cylinder (6), and the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3), the longitudinal streamline air inlet pipe (2) in the inner, The internal part of the air inlet valve rod (9) forms a vertical air inlet spray pipe (1) with a vertical air inlet pipe (3) as a pipe wall.
Preferably, the upper section of the inner wall of the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) gradually converges to the middle section from top to bottom, the narrowest part of the valve seat ring (12) becomes the throat part of the longitudinal air inlet pipe, the lower part of the throat part gradually expands from top to bottom to form a convergent-divergent spray pipe, namely a Laval spray pipe, and when the air inlet valve (16) is opened, the inner part of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) integrally forms the convergent-divergent longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) which is internally provided with a longitudinal streamline head part (2) of the air inlet valve and a part of an air inlet valve rod (9).
Preferably, the interior of the longitudinal streamline inlet valve head part (2) of the longitudinal air inlet nozzle (1) is hollow. The valve seat ring structure aims to reduce the weight and the mass of the intake valve (16), reduce the inertia impact in the opening and closing reciprocating motion process of the intake valve, reduce the impact on the sealing contact surface between the valve seat ring (12) and the longitudinally arranged streamline head part (2) when the intake valve (16) is closed and prolong the service life of a valve group.
Preferably, a tip part of the lower end of the longitudinally arranged streamline type air inlet valve head (2) adopts a treatment mode of cutting off a part of the tip so as to reduce the longitudinal length of the longitudinally arranged streamline type air inlet valve head (2), and the lowest end of the longitudinally arranged streamline type air inlet valve head does not contact the top surface of the piston (8) when the piston (8) is at the top dead center; the ratio of the distance from the lower end face formed by the processing mode of cutting off part of the tip to the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) to the distance from the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) to the top end of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) is not less than 1, and the ratio of the longitudinal length of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) to the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) is not less than 1; the lower end face of the tip part of the lower end of the hollow longitudinal streamline type air inlet valve head (2) formed by cutting off the tip of the part is provided with a downward opening, so that the hollow part in the longitudinal streamline type air inlet valve head (2) is communicated with the inside of the cylinder (6). In the process that the piston (8) moves towards a bottom dead center after the combustion in the cylinder (6) is generated, the flow velocity of gas sprayed out of the hollow part of the head part (2) of the longitudinal streamline type intake valve is improved, the mixing and the crowding of the gas sprayed out of the hollow part of the head part (2) of the longitudinal streamline type intake valve and the gas in the gas pipe are enhanced, and the vortex in the cylinder (6) is enhanced to be beneficial to more complete combustion.
Preferably, a support frame sheet (17) is arranged in an annular gap of the vertical air inlet nozzle (1), and when the air inlet valve (16) is in a closed state, the support frame sheet is used as a support between the inner wall of the vertical air inlet nozzle (1) and the head part (2) of the vertical streamline air inlet valve. One end of each support frame piece (17) is fixed on the outer wall of the longitudinally arranged streamline inlet valve head part (2), the other end of each support frame piece points to the inner wall of the longitudinally arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) and contacts with the air inlet valve (16) to form support when the air inlet valve (16) is in a closed state, or conversely, one end of each support frame piece (17) is fixed on the inner wall of the longitudinally arranged air inlet spray pipe (1), the other end of each support frame piece points to the outer wall of the longitudinally arranged streamline inlet valve head part (2) and contacts with the air inlet valve (16) to form support when the air inlet valve (16) is in the closed state, and the support frame pieces (17) become support between the longitudinally arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) and the longitudinally arranged streamline inlet valve. The function of the device is to prevent the streamline intake valve head (2) from generating transverse swing in the longitudinal intake nozzle (1) when the engine works, particularly the explosion stroke (as shown in figure 7).
Preferably, the pipe wall of the vertical air inlet nozzle (1), namely the vertical air inlet pipe (3), can penetrate through the cylinder cover (7) from the lower part of the cylinder cover (7) and then is fixedly arranged on the cylinder cover (7); the cooling mode of the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) and the cylinder cover (7) can be liquid cooling or air cooling.
Preferably, the upstream of the air inlet pipe (11) is connected with an air pressurization system (15), and pressurized air is sprayed into the cylinder (6) through a longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) when the air inlet pipe (11) and an air inlet valve (16) are in an opening state during air inlet; the air charging system (15) is mainly composed of various types of air chargers (including various types of mechanical supercharging, electric fan supercharging, exhaust gas turbocharging, and the like) and a middle cooling air storage chamber (not shown) to cool and store the supercharged air. When the engine works, pressurized air is sprayed into the cylinder (6) through the air inlet pipe (11) and the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) in an opening state (as shown in figure 1).
The invention relates to a working method of a reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine, which comprises the following steps:
when an inlet valve (16) in the longitudinally-arranged inlet spray pipe (1) is opened, inlet airflow enters a cylinder (6) through the longitudinally-arranged inlet spray pipe (1) and is sprayed by aiming at the top of a piston (8), the lowest end of the head part (2) of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve is not contacted with the top surface of the piston (8) when the piston (8) is positioned at a top dead center, and an inlet pipe (11), the longitudinally-arranged inlet spray pipe (1) and a conventional exhaust valve (4) and an exhaust pipe (5) which are also positioned on a cylinder cover (7) and have the same structure and composition with a four-stroke engine jointly form a main body of an inlet and exhaust system of the four-stroke; the transmission ratio of the crankshaft to the camshaft is 1 to 1, namely, the piston (8) drives the crank connecting rod mechanism to rotate for a circle once when completing reciprocating motion in the cylinder (6), the crankshaft drives the camshaft to rotate for a circle through the camshaft transmission mechanism, the cam (10) enables the intake valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) to respectively complete an opening and closing process, the opening and closing of the intake valve (16) result in the opening and closing of the longitudinally-arranged intake nozzle (1), the fuel supply system completes a fuel injection process in the cylinder (6), for a spark ignition engine, an ignition system completes a ignition process at the end of a compression process, and the two-stroke engine completes a work cycle process of explosion, exhaust, intake and compression; the exhaust valve (4) is opened before the longitudinally-arranged intake spray pipe (1) through the rotating cam (10), the piston (8) at the initial stage of opening the exhaust valve (4) and the longitudinally-arranged intake spray pipe (1) is positioned near a bottom dead center, the longitudinally-arranged intake spray pipe (1) is closed not earlier than the exhaust valve (4), different air distribution processes can be completed by using the cams (10) which are positioned on different phases on a cam shaft, and the novel two-stroke engine based on the four-stroke engine is formed.
Preferably, the invention can apply the continuous variable valve timing mechanism on the existing four-stroke engine, and the phase of the cam (10) on the camshaft is changed by changing the angle of the camshaft to control the opening and closing timing of the inlet valve (16) and the exhaust valve (4) driven by the cam, thereby changing the compression ratio and the expansion ratio of the engine and realizing the multi-mode continuous conversion of the engine from the equal expansion mode to the multiple super expansion modes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the piston assembly and the lubricating mode which are completely the same as those of the four-stroke engine can be adopted, lubricating oil does not need to be mixed in fuel oil, the emission standard and the service life can be improved compared with the traditional two-stroke engine, the power density and the output torque can be improved compared with the traditional four-stroke engine, and the piston assembly and the lubricating mode are ideal, so that the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved, a small part of burnt exhaust gas still remains in a scavenging cylinder, an exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) of the traditional four-stroke engine is just not needed, the complexity of the system can be reduced, and the reliability and the emission standard are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an intake air system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equal expansion mode gas distribution process and two super expansion mode gas distribution processes of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first longitudinal inlet nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second longitudinal inlet nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third longitudinal inlet nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a top intake, top exhaust two-stroke engine intake directly modified from a prior art four-stroke engine;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of a fourth longitudinally arranged inlet nozzle of the present invention;
in the above drawings: (1) the device comprises a longitudinal air inlet spray pipe, (2) a longitudinal streamline inlet valve head, (3) a longitudinal air inlet pipe, (4) an exhaust valve, (5) an exhaust pipe, (6) a cylinder, (7) a cylinder cover, (8) a piston, (9) an air valve rod, (10) a cam, (11) an air inlet pipe, (12) an air valve seat ring, (13) an oil nozzle, (14) a spark plug (or a glow plug), (15) an air pressurization system, (16) an inlet valve and (17) a support frame sheet.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1: (see figure 1, wherein the vertical air intake nozzle part is as shown in figure 4, the figure only shows the working process of a single engine cylinder) adopts a mechanical supercharging type (air supercharging system (15)) multi-cylinder liquid cooling cylinder (6) for the prior automobile to directly spray (FSI) the four-stroke gasoline engine, an original integral cylinder cover (7) is removed, a flatter integral cylinder cover (7) is used instead to reduce the volume of a combustion chamber in the cylinder cover (7), the pipe wall of the vertical air intake nozzle (1) in the integral module form of the invention, namely the vertical air intake pipe (3) (internally provided with an integrally formed valve seat ring (12)) penetrates out from the lower part of the cylinder cover (7) and is fixed on the cylinder cover (7) by a nut, the air intake valve (16) of the invention is installed to form the vertical air intake nozzle (1), the lower end of the head part (2) of the hollow vertical streamline air intake valve adopts a processing mode of cutting off the tip, the lower end surface of the cylinder is provided with a downward opening which is communicated with the space in the cylinder (6). The lowest edge of the longitudinal streamline inlet valve head (2) can not contact with the top of the piston (8) when the piston (8) moves to the top dead center. The ratio of the distance from the lower end face formed by the processing mode of cutting off part of the tip to the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head part (2) to the distance from the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head part (2) to the top end of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head part (2) (namely the connecting part of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head part (2) and the valve rod (9)) is not less than 1, and the ratio of the longitudinal length of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head part (2) to the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head part (2) is not less than 1 (as shown in figure 4). The area of the corresponding cylinder cover (7) of each cylinder (6) is provided with two longitudinal air inlet spray pipes (1) and two conventional exhaust valves (4). The compression ratio is 8-11:1, and the air distribution system is enabled to meet the working cycle of a two-stroke engine, namely a crank-link mechanism rotates for a circle and drives the air distribution mechanism to complete a complete working cycle, a crankshaft drives double overhead camshafts (DOHC) to rotate for a circle respectively, an air inlet cam (10) and an air outlet cam (4) simultaneously rotate for a circle and drive a longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) and an air outlet valve (4) to complete an opening and closing process respectively, the engine completes an explosion, air exhaust, air inlet and compression process in the process that a piston (8) returns to the upper dead center from the upper dead center to the lower dead center from the upper dead center, the working cycle of the two-stroke engine which is repeated in a cycle (the transmission ratio of the crankshaft to the camshafts is 1: 1) is realized, the air distribution process shown in the figure (as figure 2 a) is completed, and when the engine works, every time when the piston (8) moves to be close to the, the exhaust pressure is reduced when the exhaust process starts, then the rotating intake cam (10) enables the vertical intake nozzle (1) to be opened, the inertia of exhaust attracts and pressurized air (an air pressurization system (15)) from a mechanical supercharger driven by a crankshaft and an air storage chamber enables the intake process to start, because the vertical intake nozzle (1) in a convergent-divergent shape is used, the intake airflow stably bypasses the head part (2) of the vertical streamline intake valve at high speed and basically does not generate turbulence and vortex, the intake air is in a jet shape and directly reaches the top part of a piston (8) which is positioned near a bottom dead center at the moment, the longitudinal energy loss of the intake airflow is greatly reduced, the fresh airflow drives combusted waste gas from the top part of the piston (8) from bottom to top, the crank-connecting rod mechanism drives the camshaft to further rotate the cam (10) to control the exhaust valve (4) to be closed, and finally the vertical intake nozzle (1), and finishing the air exhaust and air intake process. The compression ratio or compression process refers to the process from the closing of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) to the movement of the piston (8) to the top dead center, an electric injection high-pressure oil nozzle (13) positioned on a cylinder cover (7) sprays a proper amount of atomized gasoline into a cylinder (6) at proper time under the control of a control system in the compression process, the atomized gasoline is mixed with air in the compression process in a combustion chamber, when the piston (8) moves to the vicinity of the top dead center, an ignition control system enables a spark plug (14) to ignite, the combustion propagates to the whole combustion chamber, the pressure and the temperature in the cylinder (6) are increased rapidly, the gas expands to push the piston (8) to move towards the bottom dead center, and the gas stored in a circumferential seam air inlet valve of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) and a hollow longitudinally-arranged streamline head (2) in the compression process does not generate gas The downward blowout is stopped to be mixed with gas in the combustion chamber to participate in further combustion and expansion, the piston (8) is pushed to drive the crank connecting rod mechanism to rotate and output torque to do work, a work stroke of ignition explosion is generated after the piston (8) reaches a top dead center every time, and the expansion ratio or the expansion process refers to a process (as shown in figure 2 a) from the time when the piston (8) is positioned at the top dead center after the compression process is finished and the explosion expansion is started until the piston (8) moves to a time when the exhaust valve (4) is opened close to the bottom dead center, and obviously, the piston is in an equal expansion state. The engine drives a plurality of pistons (8) to work in respective cylinders (6) through a crank-connecting rod mechanism, the working cycle phase difference of some cylinders (6) is 180 crank angle degrees, namely when the pistons (8) in some cylinders (6) are positioned at the top dead center, the pistons (8) in other cylinders (6) are positioned at the bottom dead center, and the engine can work smoothly (not shown in the drawing). The crankshaft drives the mechanical supercharger to rotate, the pressurized air enters the air storage chamber (an air pressurization system (15)) to be communicated with the downstream longitudinal air inlet pipe (3), and the pressurized air can be continuously provided for the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) when the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) is opened. Finally, a novel two-stroke gasoline engine with an equal expansion mode based on a four-stroke gasoline engine with mechanical supercharging direct injection in a cylinder is formed, and the gas distribution process of the novel two-stroke gasoline engine is shown in the attached figure 2 a.
This embodiment engine may also employ a continuously variable valve timing mechanism (CVVT) commonly used on existing four-stroke engines: when the continuously variable valve timing mechanism (CVVT) is applied to an air inlet camshaft and an air outlet camshaft of the engine at the same time, the air inlet camshaft and the air outlet camshaft synchronously rotate forwards or backwards within a range of a certain crank angle, so that the phases of the air inlet cam and the air outlet cam (10) are changed to control the opening and closing time of an air inlet valve (16) (which is equal to a longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1)) and an air outlet valve (4) driven by the air inlet cam and the air outlet cam to achieve the aim of continuously changing the valve timing, and the opening and closing timing of the air inlet valve (16) (which is equal to the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1)) and the air outlet valve (4) is synchronously changed to cause the continuous change of the compression ratio and the expansion ratio of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve, so that the engine can realize the multi-mode continuous reversible switching from an equal expansion mode (at starting or low speed) to a plurality of super expansion modes (at high speed), and the The air distribution process of the stroke engine can realize multi-mode continuous conversion (such as the change process of a → b → c → b → a in the attached figure 2).
In the same manner (without adopting CVVT technology), the existing mechanical supercharging (air supercharging system (15)) multi-cylinder liquid-cooled four-stroke diesel engine (adopting high-pressure common rail technology) commonly used for automobiles and tanks is adopted, the original integral or split cylinder cover (7) is removed, the integral or split cylinder cover (7) is manufactured flatly, the volume of a combustion chamber in the cylinder cover (7) is reduced, and the corresponding cylinder cover (7) area of each cylinder (6) is provided with two longitudinal air inlet spray pipes (1) (shown in figure 4) and two conventional exhaust valves (4). The compression ratio is 16-22:1 (from the closing of an intake valve (16) to the end of the movement of a piston (8) to the top dead center), a high-pressure oil nozzle (13) positioned on a cylinder cover (7) at the end of the compression process injects a proper amount of diesel oil into a cylinder (6) under the control of a control system of the high-pressure oil nozzle, the diesel oil is immediately combusted after contacting with high-temperature air at the end of the compression process or is combusted and exploded near a glow plug (14) which is continuously electrified, at the moment, the air stored in a circumferential seam of a longitudinal intake nozzle (1) and a hollow longitudinal streamline intake valve head (2) is continuously sprayed downwards in the compression process to be mixed with gas in a combustion chamber to participate in further combustion and expansion, and the air distribution process shown in the figure is completed (as shown in figure 2 b), and a novel two-stroke diesel engine based on the super-expansion mode of the mechanical supercharging high-pressure common rail four-stroke diesel engine is formed.
Example 2: (as figure 1, does not have the air supercharging system (15), the figure only shows the working process of the engine single cylinder) similar to embodiment 1, adopt a existing natural aspiration four-cylinder or six-cylinder liquid-cooled cylinder (6) for the car to spray the four-stroke petrol engine (FSI) directly, remove its original integral cylinder head (7), change into the relatively flat integral cylinder head (7) of making, mount the air intake valve (16) of the invention, form and indulge and admit air the spray pipe (1), the lower end of the hollow indulge and streamline air intake valve head (2) does not adopt the treatment way of cutting the tip, its lower end surface does not have downward opening to communicate with space in the cylinder (as figure 3). The lowest edge of the longitudinal streamline inlet valve head (2) can not contact with the top of the piston (8) when the piston (8) moves to the top dead center. The area of a cylinder cover (7) corresponding to each cylinder (6) is provided with two longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipes (1) and two conventional exhaust valves (4), the compression ratio of the two longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipes reaches 8-11:1 (from the closing of an air inlet valve (16) to the end of the movement of a piston (8) to a top dead center), and a gas distribution system of the two-stroke engine meets the working cycle of the two-stroke engine to finish the gas distribution process (shown in a figure 2 a), when the engine works, a crank-link mechanism drives a double overhead camshaft to rotate every time the piston (8) moves to be close to the bottom dead center, an exhaust cam (10) enables the exhaust valves (4) to be opened first, the exhaust process starts, most of high-temperature high-pressure waste gas is discharged at high speed through a steeply-shaped exhaust pipe (5) before the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipes (1) are opened, then the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipes (1, because the convergent-divergent longitudinally-arranged air inlet nozzle (1) is used, the air inlet is easy to reach the top of a piston (8) which is positioned near a lower dead center and is far away from the lower dead center, a crank-connecting rod mechanism drives a cam (10) on a cam shaft to rotate to further rotate, then an exhaust valve (4) is closed, finally the longitudinally-arranged air inlet nozzle (1) is closed, the exhaust and air inlet processes are completed, a crank-connecting rod mechanism drives the piston (8) to continue to move towards the upper dead center to start a compression process, an electric injection high-pressure oil nozzle (13) positioned on a cylinder cover (7) sprays a proper amount of atomized gasoline into a cylinder (6) at proper time under the control of a control system of the electric injection high-pressure oil nozzle in the compression process, the atomized gasoline and the air in the compression process are mixed to form a proper combustion mixed gas in a combustion chamber, a spark plug (14) discharges and ignites when the piston (8), the pressure and the temperature in the cylinder (6) are increased sharply, the gas expands to push the piston (8) to move towards the direction of a lower dead center, and the compressed gas stored in the circumferential seam of the longitudinal air inlet nozzle (1) is continuously sprayed out in the compression process to be mixed with the gas in a combustion state in the combustion chamber to participate in further combustion and expansion. The piston (8) is pushed to move towards the bottom dead center to drive the crank connecting rod mechanism to rotate and output torque to do work, a working stroke is generated after the piston (8) reaches the top dead center every time, and the expansion ratio is equal to the compression ratio. The novel two-stroke gasoline engine based on the equal expansion mode of the naturally aspirated four-stroke gasoline engine is formed.
Example 3: (as figure 1, without air supercharging system (15), the figure only shows the working process of the engine single cylinder) is similar to the embodiment 1, a double-cylinder air-cooled four-stroke gasoline engine used by the existing unmanned aerial vehicle is used, the original cylinder cover (7) is removed, a flat integral cylinder cover (7) is used instead, so as to reduce the volume of a combustion chamber in the cylinder cover (7), the pipe wall of the integral module type longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) of the invention, namely the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) (internally provided with an integrally formed valve seat ring (12)), penetrates out from the lower part of the cylinder cover (7) and is fixed on the cylinder cover (7) by a nut, the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) of the invention is installed, the lower end of the hollow longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head (2) is not processed by cutting off part of the tip (as figure 3), the lower end of the head part (2) of the longitudinal streamline intake valve is close to the top surface of the piston (8) but not contacted with the top surface when the piston (8) moves to the top dead center (as shown in figure 1), the cylinder cover (7) uses two longitudinal intake spray pipes (1) of the invention, two conventional exhaust valves (4) have the compression ratio of 8-11:1, the gas distribution process (as shown in figure 2 b) is completed, when the engine works, when the piston (8) moves to the position close to the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve (4) is opened first, the exhaust process starts, the high-temperature and high-pressure waste gas enters the steep-expanding exhaust pipe (5), the longitudinal intake spray pipes (1) are opened after the exhaust pressure is reduced, the inertia and the negative pressure suction of the exhaust starts the intake process, because the longitudinal intake spray pipes (1) of the convergent-expansion shape are used, the intake air can reach the top of the piston (8) which is, the crank connecting rod mechanism drives the camshaft to further rotate, the rear cam (10) enables the exhaust valve (4) to be closed, finally the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) is closed, the exhaust and air inlet processes are completed, the crank connecting rod mechanism drives the piston (8) to continue to move towards the top dead center to start the compression process, at the moment, a high-pressure oil nozzle (13) on the cylinder cover (7) sprays a proper amount of atomized gasoline into the cylinder (6) under the control of a control system of the crank connecting rod mechanism, the atomized gasoline and air in the compression process are mixed in a combustion chamber to form a proper combustion mixed gas, when the piston (8) moves to be close to the top dead center, a spark plug (14) performs discharge ignition to ignite the proper combustion mixed gas of the gasoline and the compressed air, the combustion spread waves and the whole combustion chamber, the pressure and the temperature in the cylinder (6) sharply rise, the gas expands to push the piston (8) to move towards the, after the piston (8) reaches the top dead center, a power stroke is generated each time, and a complete working cycle of the two-stroke engine is formed. When the unmanned aerial vehicle is lifted off when the engine works, the ram air inlet channel can continuously provide large-flow air (not shown in the attached drawing) for the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1), and the air flow in the ram air inlet channel can also cool the air cooling radiating fins of the engine; an exhaust pipe (5) of the engine is in a steep expansion shape and is positioned in a backward exhaust passage of the unmanned aerial vehicle. A novel two-stroke gasoline engine based on the super-expansion mode of the four-stroke gasoline engine is formed.
Example 4: (for example, as shown in figure 1, wherein the part of the vertical air inlet nozzle is shown in figure 7, the figure only shows the working process of a single cylinder of the engine) is similar to that of embodiment 1, a low-speed or medium-speed large or medium-sized multi-cylinder liquid-cooled four-stroke diesel engine commonly used in the existing ships is adopted, an electric centrifugal or electric fan axial flow type air supercharging device (an air supercharging system (15)) is additionally arranged at the upstream of an air inlet system, an air inlet pipe (11) of the engine is communicated with the air supercharging device (the air supercharging system (15)), and large-flow supercharging air can be continuously provided for the vertical air inlet nozzle (1) during air inlet, so that sufficient scavenging and even excessive scavenging exist during low-speed or medium-speed operation of the engine, and the heat. The original split cylinder cover (7) is removed, the flat split cylinder cover (7) is used instead, so as to reduce the volume of a combustion chamber in the cylinder cover (7), the pipe wall of the vertical air inlet spray pipe (1) in the form of an integral module, namely the vertical air inlet pipe (3) (provided with an integrally formed valve seat ring (12)) penetrates out from the lower part of the cylinder cover (7) and is fixed on the cylinder cover (7), the vertical air inlet spray pipe (1) is installed, an opening on the lower end surface of the hollow part of the vertical streamline air inlet valve head (2) of the vertical air inlet spray pipe (1) forms a convergent expansion spray pipe, namely a Laval spray pipe (like an attached pipe 7) in the hollow part of the streamline air inlet valve head, so that the mixing and the extruding pairing of air sprayed out of the hollow part of the vertical streamline air inlet valve head (2) and gas in a cylinder (6) are enhanced in an explosion stroke, the vortex flow in the cylinder (6) is enhanced to facilitate more complete combustion. Four support frame pieces (17) are arranged in an annular gap of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1), one end of each support frame piece (17) is fixed on the outer wall of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2), the other end of each support frame piece points to the inner wall of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) and contacts with the inner wall of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) to form support when an air inlet valve (16) is in a closed state, the support frame pieces have the function of preventing the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) from transversely swinging in the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) when an engine works, particularly during an explosion stroke (as shown in figure 7), and the longitudinal sections of the support frame pieces (17) are streamline. The lowest edge of the Laval nozzle with the lower end face downward of the hollow longitudinal streamline inlet valve head (2) can not be in contact with the top surface of the piston (8) when the piston (8) moves to the top dead center. The area of a cylinder cover (7) corresponding to each cylinder (6) is provided with two longitudinal air inlet spray pipes (1) and two conventional exhaust valves (4) of the invention, the compression ratio of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipes is 18-22:1, the air distribution system similar to the original air distribution system structure of the four-stroke diesel engine can meet the working cycle of the two-stroke diesel engine, and the air distribution process (shown in figure 2 b) is completed, when the engine works, an exhaust cam (10) which rotates before a piston (8) moves to a bottom dead center enables the exhaust valves (4) to be opened firstly, the exhaust process starts, an air inlet cam (10) which rotates after the exhaust pressure is reduced enables the longitudinal air inlet spray pipes (1) to be opened, the large-flow pressurized air from an air supercharging device (equivalent to an air supercharging system (15)) enables the air inlet process to start, and because the longitudinal air inlet spray pipes (1) in a convergent expansion shape, the intake air flow smoothly bypasses the longitudinally-arranged streamline intake valve head part (2) at a high speed and basically does not generate turbulence and vortex, so that the intake air is in a jet shape and reaches the top of a piston (8) which is positioned at a distance near a lower dead point at the moment, the fresh air flow drives burnt waste gas, the crank-connecting rod mechanism drives a cam shaft to further rotate, then an exhaust cam (10) closes an exhaust valve (4), finally the intake cam (10) closes a longitudinally-arranged intake spray pipe (1), the exhaust and intake processes are completed, the crank-connecting rod mechanism drives the piston (8) to continue to move towards the upper dead point to start a compression process, an oil nozzle (13) sprays proper diesel oil into a pre-combustion chamber (not shown in the drawing) communicated with an air cylinder (6) at the right time under the control of a control system of the compression process, the diesel oil is immediately combusted (compression ignition) in the pre-combustion chamber after being contacted with part of high-temperature, high-temperature rich gas is sprayed into the cylinder (6) at a high speed to be mixed with high-temperature compressed air in the cylinder (6) and further combusted, the combustion propagation reaches the whole combustion chamber, the pressure temperature in the cylinder (6) rises sharply, the gas expands to push the piston (8) to move towards the direction of a lower dead center, at the moment, the compressed air (which is not mixed with diesel oil) stored in a circumferential seam of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) and the hollow longitudinal air inlet valve streamline head part (2) is continuously sprayed downwards in the compression process to be mixed, extruded and participate in further combustion and expansion with the gas in the combustion state in the combustion chamber, once power stroke can be generated after the piston (8) reaches the upper dead center every time, and finally, the novel two-stroke diesel engine based on a low-speed and medium-speed four-stroke diesel engine and in the marine super-expansion mode is formed.
Example 5: (see the attached figure 1, wherein the vertical air intake nozzle is partially shown in the attached figure 3, the attached figure only shows the working process of a single engine cylinder) is similar to the embodiment 1, a conventional exhaust gas turbocharging (air supercharging system (15)) common in automobiles is adopted, a four-cylinder or six-cylinder liquid cooling cylinder (6) is adopted to directly inject a four-stroke gasoline engine, an original integral cylinder cover (7) is removed, a smoother integral cylinder cover (7) is used instead, so as to reduce the volume of a combustion chamber in the cylinder cover (7), the pipe wall of the vertical air intake nozzle (1) in the form of an integral module of the invention, namely the vertical air intake pipe (3), penetrates out from the lower part of the cylinder cover (7) and is fixed on the cylinder cover (7), the vertical air intake nozzle (1) of the invention is installed, and the lower end of the head part (2) of the hollow vertical streamline air intake valve is not processed by cutting the tip, the lower end surface of the valve body is not provided with a downward opening (as shown in figure 3). A single top-mounted camshaft (SOHC) is adopted, two longitudinal air inlet spray pipes (1) and a conventional exhaust valve (4) are arranged in the area of a cylinder cover (7) corresponding to each cylinder (6), the compression ratio of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipes reaches 8-11:1, a gas distribution system meets the working cycle of a two-stroke engine, and the gas distribution process (shown in a figure) is completed (shown in a figure 2 a), when the engine works, a crank connecting rod mechanism drives the camshaft to rotate each time a piston (8) moves to a position close to a lower dead center, an exhaust cam (10) enables the exhaust valve (4) to be opened first, the exhaust process starts, a main exhaust section is arranged before the longitudinal air inlet spray pipes (1) are opened, the exhaust temperature of a gasoline engine is high, the exhaust energy is large, most of high-temperature high-pressure exhaust gas impacts a turbine of a supercharger to enable an exhaust gas turbocharger to rotate, the exhaust pressure is rapidly reduced, the turbocharger continues to rotate due to the inertia suction of exhaust gas and the inertia of turbine rotation, the air inlet process is started by the pressurized air from the supercharger and an air storage chamber (an air pressurization system (15)), the air inlet is in a jet shape and reaches the top of a piston (8) which is just far away from a lower dead center at the moment due to the use of a convergent-divergent longitudinally-arranged air inlet nozzle (1), the fresh air flow drives the residual burnt exhaust gas, the crank-link mechanism cam (10) further rotates to close an exhaust valve (4), finally the longitudinally-arranged air inlet nozzle (1) is closed, and the air outlet and air inlet processes are finished. After a longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) is closed, a crank-link mechanism drives a piston (8) to continue moving towards an upper dead point to start a compression process, a high-pressure oil nozzle (13) positioned on a cylinder cover (7) sprays a proper amount of atomized gasoline into a cylinder (6) at proper time under the control of a control system of the high-pressure oil nozzle, the atomized gasoline and air in the compression process are mixed in a combustion chamber to form a proper combustion mixed gas, a spark plug (14) discharges and ignites (can have an ignition advance angle) when the piston (8) moves to the upper dead point, the proper combustion mixed gas of the gasoline and the compressed air is ignited, the combustion propagation wave reaches the whole combustion chamber, the pressure and the temperature in the cylinder (6) are rapidly increased, the gas expands to push the piston (8) to move towards the lower dead point, the piston (8) is pushed to move towards the lower dead point to drive the crank-link mechanism to rotate and output torque to do work, and a new expansion mode such as exhaust turbocharging and model two-stroke gasoline engine.
This embodiment engine may also employ a continuously variable valve timing mechanism (CVVT) commonly used on existing four-stroke engines: when the continuously variable valve timing mechanism (CVVT) is applied to a single overhead camshaft (SOHC), the camshaft is rotated forwards or backwards within a range of a certain crank angle, so that the phases of an air inlet cam (10) and an exhaust cam (10) on the same camshaft are synchronously changed to control the opening and closing time of an air inlet valve (16) (equivalent to a longitudinal air inlet nozzle (1)) and an exhaust valve (4) driven by the camshaft, the aim of continuously and synchronously changing the valve timing is fulfilled, the opening and closing time of the air inlet valve (16) (equivalent to the longitudinal air inlet nozzle (1)) and the exhaust valve (4) is synchronously changed to cause the continuous change of the compression ratio and the expansion ratio of the engine, the engine can realize the multi-mode continuous reversible conversion from an equal expansion mode (at the starting time or the low speed) to a plurality of super expansion modes (at the high speed), and the engine of the embodiment becomes a novel two-stroke engine with continuously variable compression ratio and expansion ratio, the air distribution process can realize multi-mode continuous conversion (such as the change process of a → b → c → b → a in the attached figure 2).
The above description is only a few of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may modify the above-described embodiments or modify them into equivalent ones. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made in accordance with the technical solution of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine comprises a crank link mechanism, a lubricating system, a cooling system, a starting system, a fuel supply system, a gas distribution mechanism and an ignition system, and is characterized in that: the air inlet system and the air outlet system are both positioned on the cylinder cover (7), the head of the air inlet valve (16) adopts a longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head (2), the valve seat ring (12) of the air inlet valve (16) and the tail end part of the air inlet pipe (11) form a longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), the valve seat ring (12) is positioned in the middle section of the interior of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), the narrowest part of the valve seat ring (12) becomes the throat part of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), most of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head (2) is positioned below the valve seat ring (12) in the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3), an air inlet valve rod (9) connected with the top end of the longitudinally-arranged streamline air inlet valve head (2) positioned below the valve seat ring (12) in the longitudinally-arranged air inlet pipe (3) upwards penetrates through the valve seat ring (12) from the center, and the upper section of, the lower section of the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) is fixed on a cylinder cover (7) and communicated with the inside of a cylinder (6), the sealing surface of a partial annular region at the top of the longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head (2) is contacted with the sealing surface of an annular region at a corresponding position below an air valve seat ring (12) to form sealing when an air inlet valve (16) is in a closed state, the part of the inside of the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) below the sealing surface of the air valve seat ring (12) horizontally surrounds the longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head (2) inside the longitudinal air inlet pipe and forms a continuous annular gap with the longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head (2) inside the longitudinal air inlet pipe, and the annular gap is communicated with the inside of the cylinder (6, the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3), the longitudinal streamline inlet valve head (2) inside the longitudinal air inlet pipe, an annular gap formed between the longitudinal streamline inlet valve head and a part of the air inlet valve rod (9) inside the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) jointly form a longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) with the longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) as a pipe wall;
the upper section of the inner wall of a longitudinal air inlet pipe (3) of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) is gradually converged to the middle section from top to bottom, the narrowest part of a valve seat ring (12) becomes the throat part of the longitudinal air inlet pipe, the lower part of the throat part is gradually expanded from top to bottom to form a convergent-divergent spray pipe, namely a Laval spray pipe, and when an air inlet valve (16) is opened, the inner whole of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) is formed into the convergent-divergent longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) with a longitudinal streamline air inlet valve head part (2) and a part of air inlet valve rods (9) in the divergent section;
the interior of a longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head part (2) of the longitudinally-arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) is hollow.
2. A reciprocating piston two-stroke internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tip part of the lower end of the longitudinal streamline type intake valve head (2) adopts a treatment mode of cutting off part tips so as to reduce the longitudinal length of the longitudinal streamline type intake valve head (2), and the lowest end of the longitudinal streamline type intake valve head does not contact the top surface of the piston (8) when the piston (8) is positioned at the top dead center; the ratio of the distance from the lower end face formed by the processing mode of cutting off part of the tip to the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) to the distance from the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) to the top end of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) is not less than 1, and the ratio of the longitudinal length of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) to the maximum transverse diameter of the longitudinally-arranged streamline inlet valve head (2) is not less than 1; the lower end face of the tip part of the lower end of the hollow longitudinal streamline type air inlet valve head (2) formed by cutting off the tip of the part is provided with a downward opening, so that the hollow part in the longitudinal streamline type air inlet valve head (2) is communicated with the inside of the cylinder (6).
3. A reciprocating piston two-stroke internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a support frame sheet (17) is arranged in an annular gap of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1), and when the air inlet valve (16) is in a closed state, the support frame sheet becomes a support between the inner wall of the longitudinal air inlet spray pipe (1) and the head part (2) of the longitudinal streamline air inlet valve.
4. A reciprocating piston two-stroke internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pipe wall of the vertical air inlet spray pipe (1), namely the vertical air inlet pipe (3), penetrates through the cylinder cover (7) from the lower part of the cylinder cover (7) and then is fixedly arranged on the cylinder cover (7).
5. A reciprocating piston two-stroke internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper stream of the air inlet pipe (11) is connected with an air pressurization system (15), and pressurized air is sprayed into the cylinder (6) through the longitudinally arranged air inlet spray pipe (1) when the air inlet pipe (11) and the air inlet valve (16) are in an opening state during air inlet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910255312.XA CN110043363B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710507769.6A CN107420195B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | A kind of two stroke engine and method based on four-stroke engine structure |
| CN201910255312.XA CN110043363B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710507769.6A Division CN107420195B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | A kind of two stroke engine and method based on four-stroke engine structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110043363A CN110043363A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
| CN110043363B true CN110043363B (en) | 2020-12-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710507769.6A Active CN107420195B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | A kind of two stroke engine and method based on four-stroke engine structure |
| CN201910255312.XA Expired - Fee Related CN110043363B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Reciprocating piston type two-stroke internal combustion engine |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710507769.6A Active CN107420195B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | A kind of two stroke engine and method based on four-stroke engine structure |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109083743A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-25 | 钱裕智 | Pre- pressurization active air intake-exhaust changes noncondensing engine |
| CN113309594B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2023-08-11 | 张文治 | Compressed air fuel engine |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1219791A (en) * | 1958-04-12 | 1960-05-19 | Valve, in particular inlet valve for gas engine | |
| JPS6092710U (en) * | 1983-11-30 | 1985-06-25 | 土田 正志 | Center-injection engine valve |
| JPS6456917A (en) * | 1987-08-08 | 1989-03-03 | Kunito Taguma | Cylinder mechanism for gasoline engine |
| DE10207658B4 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2008-09-04 | Meta Motoren- Und Energie-Technik Gmbh | Method for shortening the opening and closing edge of a valve, as well as valve |
| FR2915236A3 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-24 | Renault Sas | Tumble type variable streamline generating device for e.g. petrol engine of motor vehicle, has seat with projecting part formed of revolution surfaces whose dimensions do not modify discharge of intake flow during high lifting |
| CN201301737Y (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2009-09-02 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile engine valve seat ring |
| DE102010054206B4 (en) * | 2010-12-11 | 2018-09-06 | Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland | Two-stroke large diesel engine, exhaust valve and cylinder head for it, as well as production, operation and use of an internal combustion engine |
| DE102011090203A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Design of a valve closing body |
| CN202851130U (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-04-03 | 陈文� | Vortex supercharger for air inlet of combustion motor |
| CN203130277U (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-08-14 | 上海通用汽车有限公司 | Cylinder head air duct system |
| US10087824B2 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2018-10-02 | Garrett Transportation 1 Inc. | Wastegate with injected flow |
| CN205172665U (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-04-20 | 济南大学 | Vortex, shape of preapring for an unfavorable turn of events just do not have valve clearance's (air) intake valve connecting device |
-
2017
- 2017-06-28 CN CN201710507769.6A patent/CN107420195B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN107420195B (en) | 2019-08-02 |
| CN107420195A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
| CN110043363A (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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